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Článek 48 - Presumpce neviny a právo na obhajobu

Článek 48 - Presumpce neviny a právo na obhajobu

  1. Každý obviněný se považuje za nevinného, dokud jeho vina nebyla prokázána zákonným způsobem.
  2. Každému obviněnému je zaručeno respektování práv na obhajobu.
  • Text:

    Článek 48 má totožné znění jako čl. 6 odst. 2 a 3 EÚLP, které znějí:

    „2. Každý, kdo je obviněn z trestného činu, se považuje za nevinného, dokud jeho vina nebyla prokázána zákonným způsobem.

    3. Každý, kdo je obviněn z trestného činu, má tato minimální práva:

    a) být neprodleně a v jazyce, jemuž rozumí, podrobně seznámen s povahou a důvodem obvinění proti němu;

    b) mít přiměřený čas a možnosti k přípravě své obhajoby;

    c) obhajovat se osobně nebo za pomoci obhájce podle vlastního výběru nebo, pokud nemá prostředky na zaplacení obhájce, aby mu byl poskytnut bezplatně, jestliže to zájmy spravedlnosti vyžadují;

    d) vyslýchat nebo dát vyslýchat svědky proti sobě a dosáhnout předvolání a výslech svědků ve svůj prospěch za stejných podmínek, jako svědků proti sobě;

    e) mít bezplatnou pomoc tlumočníka, jestliže nerozumí jazyku používanému před soudem nebo tímto jazykem nemluví.“

    V souladu s čl. 52 odst. 3 Listiny má toto právo stejný smysl a rozsah jako právo zaručené EÚLP.

    Source:
    Úřední věstník Evropské unie C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
    Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
    Tato vysvětlení byla původně vyhotovena pod vedením prezídia Konventu, který vypracoval Listinu základních práv Evropské unie. Byla aktualizována pod vedením prezídia Evropského konventu s ohledem na změny návrhu znění Listiny provedené Konventem (zejména článků 51 a 52) a na vývoj práva Unie. Ačkoliv sama nemají právní závaznost, jsou cenným výkladovým nástrojem pro vyjasnění ustanovení Listiny.
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43 results found

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    Země:
    Czechia

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    Článek 37 (1) Každý má právo odepřít výpověď, jestliže by jí způsobil nebezpečí trestního stíhání sobě nebo osobě blízké. (2) Každý má právo na právní pomoc v řízení před soudy, jinými státními orgány či orgány veřejné správy, a to od počátku řízení. (3) Všichni účastníci jsou si v řízení rovni. (4) Kdo prohlásí, že neovládá jazyk, jímž se vede jednání, má právo na tlumočníka. Článek 40 (1) Jen soud rozhoduje o vině a trestu za trestné činy. (2) Každý, proti němuž je vedeno trestní řízení, je považován za nevinného, pokud pravomocným odsuzujícím rozsudkem soudu nebyla jeho vina vyslovena. (3) Obviněný má právo, aby mu byl poskytnut čas a možnost k přípravě obhajoby a aby se mohl hájit sám nebo prostřednictvím obhájce. Jestliže si obhájce nezvolí, ačkoliv ho podle zákona mít musí, bude mu ustanoven soudem. Zákon stanoví, v kterých případech má obviněný právo na bezplatnou pomoc obhájce. (4) Obviněný má právo odepřít výpověď; tohoto práva nesmí být žádným způsobem zbaven.

  • Human Rights Act 1998
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  • Constitution of the Kingdom of Spain
    Země:
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    Země:
    Slovakia

    Article 50 (1) Only the court decides on guilt and punishment for criminal acts. (2) Everyone against whom a criminal proceeding is conducted is considered innocent until the court establishes his guilt by a legally valid verdict. (3) The accused has the right to be granted the time and opportunity to prepare his defense, and to defend himself either alone or through a defense counsel.(4) The accused has the right to refuse to testify; this right may not be denied in any way. (...)

  • Ústava Slovenskej republiky
    Země:
    Slovakia

    Čl. 50 (...) (2) Každý, proti komu sa vedie trestné konanie, považuje sa za nevinného, kým súd nevysloví právoplatným odsudzujúcim rozsudkom jeho vinu.(3) Obvinený má právo, aby mu bol poskytnutý čas a možnosť na prípravu obhajoby a aby sa mohol obhajovať sám alebo prostredníctvom obhajcu.(4) Obvinený má právo odoprieť výpoveď; tohto práva ho nemožno pozbaviť nijakým spôsobom. (...)

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  • Constitution of Romania
    Země:
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    Article 23(11) Any person shall be presumed innocent till found guilty by a final decision of the court. Article 24(1) The right to defence is guaranteed. (2) All throughout the trial, the parties shall have the right to be assisted by a lawyer of their own choosing or appointed ex officio.

  • Constituição da República Portuguesa
    Země:
    Portugal

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  • Constitution of the Portuguese Republic
    Země:
    Portugal

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  • Constitution of the Republic of Poland
    Země:
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    Article 42(...) 2. Anyone against whom criminal proceedings have been brought shall have the right to defence at all stages of such proceedings. He may, in particular, choose counsel or avail himself - in accordance with principles specified by statute - of counsel appointed by the court. 3. Everyone shall be presumed innocent of a charge until his guilt is determined by the final judgment of a court. Article 78Each party shall have the right to appeal against judgments and decisions made at first stage. Exceptions to this principle and the procedure for such appeals shall be specified by statute.Article 791. In accordance with principles specified by statute, everyone whose constitutional freedoms or rights have been infringed, shall have the right to appeal to the Constitutional Tribunal for its judgment on the conformity to the Constitution of a statute or another normative act upon which basis a court or organ of public administration has made a final decision on his freedoms or rights or on his obligations specified in the Constitution. (...)

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    Země:
    Poland

    Article 42(...) 2. Anyone against whom criminal proceedings have been brought shall have the right to defence at all stages of such proceedings. He may, in particular, choose counsel or avail himself - in accordance with principles specified by statute - of counsel appointed by the court. 3. Everyone shall be presumed innocent of a charge until his guilt is determined by the final judgment of a court. Article 78Each party shall have the right to appeal against judgments and decisions made at first stage. Exceptions to this principle and the procedure for such appeals shall be specified by statute.Article 79.1. In accordance with principles specified by statute, everyone whose constitutional freedoms or rights have been infringed, shall have the right to appeal to the Constitutional Tribunal for its judgment on the conformity to the Constitution of a statute or another normative act upon which basis a court or organ of public administration has made a final decision on his freedoms or rights or on his obligations specified in the Constitution. (...)

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    Země:
    Poland

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    Země:
    Luxembourg

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    Země:
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    Article 39(…) (5) Every person who is charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed to be innocent until he is proved or has pleaded guilty:Provided that nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this subsection to the extent that the law in question imposes upon any person charged as aforesaid the burden of proving particular facts.(6) Every person who is charged with a criminal offence:(a) shall be informed in writing, in a language which he understands and in detail, of the nature of the offence charged;(b) shall be given adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence;(c) shall be permitted to defend himself in person or by a legal representative and a person who cannot afford to pay for such legal representation as is reasonably required by the circumstances of his ease shall be entitled to have such representation at the public expense;(d) shall be afforded facilities to examine in person or by his legal representative the witnesses called by the prosecution before any court and to obtain the attendance of witnesses subject to the payment of their reasonable expenses, and carry out the examination of witnesses to testify on his behalf before the court on the same conditions as those applying to witnesses called by the prosecution; and(e) shall be permitted to have without payment the assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand the language used at the trial of the charge, and except with his own consent the trial shall not take place in his absence unless he so conducts himself as to render the continuance of the proceedings in his presence impracticable and the court has ordered him to be removed and the trial to proceed in his absence. (…)

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    Země:
    Luxembourg

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7 results found

  • Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law

    Article 1

    Purpose

    The purpose of this Directive is to enhance the enforcement of Union law and policies in specific areas by laying down common minimum standards providing for a high level of protection of persons reporting breaches of Union law.

  • Directive 2010/64/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 October 2010 on the right to interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings

    Article 1

    Subject matter and scope

    1. This Directive lays down rules concerning the right to interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings and proceedings for the execution of a European arrest warrant.

    2. The right referred to in paragraph 1 shall apply to persons from the time that they are made aware by the competent authorities of a Member State, by official notification or otherwise, that they are suspected or accused of having committed a criminal offence until the conclusion of the proceedings, which is understood to mean the final determination of the question whether they have committed the offence, including, where applicable, sentencing and the resolution of any appeal.

    3. Where the law of a Member State provides for the imposition of a sanction regarding minor offences by an authority other than a court having jurisdiction in criminal matters, and the imposition of such a sanction may be appealed to such a court, this Directive shall apply only to the proceedings before that court following such an appeal.

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  • Directive 2013/48/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2013 on the right of access to a lawyer in criminal proceedings and in European arrest warrant proceedings

    Article 1

    Subject matter

    This Directive lays down minimum rules concerning the rights of suspects and accused persons in criminal proceedings and of persons subject to proceedings pursuant to Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA (‘European arrest warrant proceedings’) to have access to a lawyer, to have a third party informed of the deprivation of liberty and to communicate with third persons and with consular authorities while deprived of liberty.

  • Directive 2012/13/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2012 on the right to information in criminal proceedings

    Article 1

    Subject matter

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  • Directive (EU) 2016/343 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on the strengthening of certain aspects of the presumption of innocence and of the right to be present at the trial in criminal proceedings

    Preamble:
    ...
    (13) This Directive acknowledges the different needs and levels of protection of certain aspects of the presumption of innocence as regards natural and legal persons. As regards natural persons, such protection is reflected in wellestablished
    case-law of the European Court of Human Rights. The Court of Justice has, however, recognised that the rights flowing from the presumption of innocence do not accrue to legal persons in the same way as they do to natural persons.
    (14) At the current stage of development of national law and of case-law at national and Union level, it is premature to legislate at Union level on the presumption of innocence with regard to legal persons. This Directive should not, therefore, apply to legal persons. This should be without prejudice to the application of the presumption of innocence as laid down, in particular, in the ECHR and as interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights and by the Court of Justice, to legal persons.
    (15) The presumption of innocence with regard to legal persons should be ensured by the existing legislative safeguards and case-law, the evolution of which is to determine whether there is a need for Union action.
    (16) The presumption of innocence would be violated if public statements made by public authorities, or judicial decisions other than those on guilt, referred to a suspect or an accused person as being guilty, for as long as that person has not been proved guilty according to law. Such statements and judicial decisions should not reflect an opinion that that person is guilty. This should be without prejudice to acts of the prosecution which aim to prove the guilt of the suspect or accused person, such as the indictment, and without prejudice to judicial decisions as a result of which a suspended sentence takes effect, provided that the rights of the defence are
    respected. This should also be without prejudice to preliminary decisions of a procedural nature, which are taken by judicial or other competent authorities and are based on suspicion or on elements of incriminating evidence, such as decisions on pre-trial detention, provided that such decisions do not refer to the suspect or accused person as being guilty. Before taking a preliminary decision of a procedural nature the competent authority might first have to verify that there are sufficient elements of incriminating evidence against the suspect or accused person to justify the decision concerned, and the decision could contain reference to those elements.
    ...
    (46) In order to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of this Directive, Member States should send available data with regard to the implementation of the rights laid down in this Directive to the Commission. Such data could include records made by law enforcement and judicial authorities as regards remedies applied in the case of a
    breach of any of the aspects of the presumption of innocence covered by this Directive or of the right to be present at the trial.
    (47) This Directive upholds the fundamental rights and principles recognised by the Charter and by the ECHR, including the prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment, the right to liberty and security, respect for private and family life, the right to the integrity of the person, the rights of the child, the integration
    of persons with disabilities, the right to an effective remedy and the right to a fair trial, the presumption of innocence and the rights of the defence. Regard should be had, in particular, to Article 6 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), according to which the Union recognises the rights, freedoms and principles set out in the Charter, and according to which fundamental rights, as guaranteed by the ECHR and as they result from the constitutional traditions common to the Member States, are to constitute general principles of Union law.
    (48) As this Directive establishes minimum rules, Member States should be able to extend the rights laid down in this Directive in order to provide a higher level of protection. The level of protection provided for by Member States should never fall below the standards provided for by the Charter or by the ECHR, as interpreted by the Court of Justice and by the European Court of Human Rights.
    (49) Since the objectives of this Directive, namely setting common minimum rules for certain aspects of the presumption of innocence and for the right to be present at the trial in criminal proceedings, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States but can rather, by reason of its scale and effects, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 TEU. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives.
    ...
    Article 1. Subject matter:
    This directive lays down common minimum rules concerning:
    - certain aspects of the presumption of innocence in criminal proceedings;
    - the right to be present at the trial in criminal proceedings.
    ...
    Article 3. Presumption of innocence:
    Member States shall ensure that suspects and accused persons are presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.

  • Directive (EU) 2016/800 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on procedural safeguards children for who are suspects or accused persons in criminal proceedings

    Preamble:
    ‘(31) Member States should be able to derogate temporarily from the obligation to provide assistance by a lawyer in the pre-trial phase for compelling reasons, namely where there is an urgent need to avert serious adverse consequences for the life, liberty or physical integrity of a person, or where immediate action by the investigating authorities is imperative to prevent substantial jeopardy to criminal proceedings in relation to a serious criminal offence, inter alia, with a view to obtaining information concerning the alleged co-perpetrators of a serious criminal offence, or in order to avoid the loss of important evidence regarding a serious criminal offence. During a temporary derogation for one of those compelling reasons, the competent authorities should be able to question children without the lawyer being present, provided that they have been informed of their right to remain silent and can exercise that right, and that such questioning does not prejudice the rights of the defence, including the right not to incriminate oneself. It should be possible to carry out questioning, to the extent necessary, for the sole purpose of obtaining information that is essential to avert serious adverse consequences for the life, liberty or physical integrity of a person, or to prevent substantial jeopardy to criminal proceedings. Any abuse of this temporary derogation would, in principle, irretrievably prejudice the rights of the defence.‘
    ‘(33) Confidentiality of communication between children and their lawyer is key to ensuring the effective exercise of the rights of the defence and is an essential part of the right to a fair trial. Member States should therefore respect the confidentiality of meetings and other forms of communication between the lawyer and the child in the context of the assistance by a lawyer provided for in this Directive, without derogation. [...]
    Article 6 - Assistance by a lawyer
    ‘2. Member States shall ensure that children are assisted by a lawyer in accordance with this Article in order to allow them to exercise the rights of the defence effectively.‘

  • Regulation (EU/Euratom) No 883/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 September 2013 concerning investigations conducted by the European Anti-Fraud office (OLAF) and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1073/1999 of the European Parliament an...

    Article 9. Procedural guarantees:
    1. In its investigations the Office shall seek evidence for and
    against the person concerned. Investigations shall be conducted
    objectively and impartially and in accordance with the principle
    of the presumption of innocence and with the procedural guarantees
    set out in this Article.

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