Cearta na saoránach
Airteagal 41 - An ceart chun dea-riaracháin
1. Tá ag gach duine an ceart go ndéanfaidh institiúidí, comhlachtaí, oifigí agus gníomhaireachtaí an Aontais a ghnóthaí nó a gnóthaí a láimhseáil go neamhchlaon, go cóir agus laistigh de thréimhse réasúnta. 2. Folaíonn an ceart sin: (a) ceart gach duine chun éisteacht a fháil sula nglactar aon bheart leithleach i ndáil leis nó léi ar beart é a dhéanfadh dochar dó nó di; (b) ceart gach duine rochtain a fháil ar a chomhad nó a comhad, agus leasanna dlisteanacha rúndachta agus sicréideachta gairmiúla agus gnó á n-urramú ag an am céanna; (c) an oibleagáid atá ar an lucht riaracháin cúiseanna a thabhairt lena chinntí. 3. I gcomhréir leis na prionsabail ghinearálta is coiteann do dhlíthe na mBallstát, tá ag gach duine an ceart go ndéanfaidh an tAontas aon damáiste a shlánú a raibh a institiúidí nó a oifigigh ina siocair leis i bhfeidhmiú a gcuid feidhmeanna. 4. Féadfaidh gach duine scríobh chuig institiúidí an Aontais i gceann de theangacha na gConarthaí agus caithfidh sé nó sí freagra a fháil sa teanga chéanna.
Tá Airteagal 41 bunaithe ar an Aontas a bheith faoi réir smacht reachta a ndearnadh a shaintréithe a fhorbairt sa chásdlí inar cumhdaíodh an dea-riarachán inter alia mar phrionsabal ginearálta dlí (féach inter alia breithiúnas na Cúirte Breithiúnais an 31 Márta 1992, i gCás C–255/90 P, Burban [1992] ECR I–2253, agus breithiúnais na Cúirte Céadchéime an 18 Meán Fómhair 1995 i gCás T-167/94 Nölle [1995] ECR II–2589, agus an 9 Iúil 1999 i gCás T231/97, New Europe Consulting e.a., [1999] ECR II–2403). Is ón gcásdlí a eascraíonn an fhoclaíocht atá ar an gceart sin sa chéad dá mhír (breithiúnas na Cúirte Breithiúnais an 15 Deireadh Fómhair 1987, i gCás 222/86 Heylens [1987] ECR 4097, mír 15 de na forais, breithiúnas an 18 Deireadh Fómhair 1989 i gCás 374/87 Orkem [1989] ECR 3283, breithiúnas an 21 Samhain 1991 i gCás C–269/90, TU München [1991] ECR I-5469, agus breithiúnais na Cúirte Céadchéime an 6 Nollaig 1994 i gCás T–450/93, Lisrestal [1994] ECR, II–1177, an 18 Meán Fómhair 1995 i gCás T167/94 Nölle [1995] ECR II–2589) agus is as Airteagal 296 den Chonradh ar Fheidhmiú an Aontais Eorpaigh a thagann an fhoclaíocht maidir leis an oibleagáid réasúin a lua (féach freisin an bonn dlíthiúil in Airteagal 298 den Chonradh ar Fheidhmiú an Aontais Eorpaigh chun reachtaíocht a ghlacadh ar mhaithe le riarachán Eorpach atá oscailte, éifeachtach, neamhspleách).
Atáirgeann mír 3 an ceart a ráthaítear anois le hAirteagal 340 den Chonradh ar Fheidhmiú an Aontais Eorpaigh. Atáirgeann mír 4 an ceart a ráthaítear anois le hAirteagail 20(2)(d) agus 25 den Chonradh ar Fheidhmiú an Aontais Eorpaigh. I gcomhréir le hAirteagal 52(2) den Chairt, tá na cearta sin le feidhmiú faoi na coinníollacha agus faoi na teorainneacha a shainítear sna conarthaí.
Is gné thábhachtach den cheist seo é an ceart chun leigheas éifeachtach agus ráthaítear in Airteagal 47 den Chairt seo é.
Art. 103 (1) In the courts every person shall be entitled to a hearing in accordance with law.
Art. 103 (1) Vor Gericht hat jedermann Anspruch auf rechtliches Gehör.
Section 17 Right to one's language and culture (...) The right of everyone to use his or her own language, either Finnish or Swedish, before courts of law and other authorities, and to receive official documents in that language, shall be guaranteed by an Act. (...) Provisions on the right of the Sami to use the Sami language before the authorities are laid down by an Act. The rights of persons using sign language and of persons in need of interpretation or translation aid owing to disability shall be guaranteed by an Act. Section 21 Protection under the law Everyone has the right to have his or her case dealt with appropriately and without undue delay by a legally competent court of law or other authority, as well as to have a decision pertaining to his or her rights or obligations reviewed by a court of law or other independent organ for the administration of justice. Provisions concerning the publicity of proceedings, the right to be heard, the right to receive a reasoned decision and the right of appeal, as well as the other guarantees of a fair trial and good governance shall be laid down by an Act.
17 § Oikeus omaan kieleen ja kulttuuriin (...) Jokaisen oikeus käyttää tuomioistuimessa ja muussa viranomaisessa asiassaan omaa kieltään, joko suomea tai ruotsia, sekä saada toimituskirjansa tällä kielellä turvataan lailla. (...) Saamelaisten oikeudesta käyttää saamen kieltä viranomaisessa säädetään lailla. Viittomakieltä käyttävien sekä vammaisuuden vuoksi tulkitsemis- ja käännösapua tarvitsevien oikeudet turvataan lailla. 21 § Oikeusturva Jokaisella on oikeus saada asiansa käsitellyksi asianmukaisesti ja ilman aiheetonta viivytystä lain mukaan toimivaltaisessa tuomioistuimessa tai muussa viranomaisessa sekä oikeus saada oikeuksiaan ja velvollisuuksiaan koskeva päätös tuomioistuimen tai muun riippumattoman lainkäyttöelimen käsiteltäväksi. Käsittelyn julkisuus sekä oikeus tulla kuulluksi, saada perusteltu päätös ja hakea muutosta samoin kuin muut oikeudenmukaisen oikeudenkäynnin ja hyvän hallinnon takeet turvataan lailla.
Article 14. It is the duty of the legislature, the executive, the judiciary, and of local authorities, to guarantee the rights and freedoms provided in the Constitution. Article 44. (…) Pursuant to a procedure provided by law, all government agencies, local authorities, and their officials have a duty to provide information about their activities to any citizen of Estonia at his or her request, except for information whose disclosure is prohibited by law and information intended exclusively for internal use. Pursuant to a procedure provided by law, any citizen of Estonia is entitled to access information about himself or herself held by government agencies and local authorities and in government and local authority archives. This right may be circumscribed pursuant to law to protect the rights and freedoms of others, to protect the confidentiality of a child’s filiation, and in the interests of preventing a criminal offence, apprehending the offender, or of ascertaining the truth in a criminal case. Unless otherwise provided by law, citizens of foreign states and stateless persons in Estonia enjoy the rights specified in paragraphs two and three of this section equally with citizens of Estonia. Article 46. Everyone has the right to address informational letters and petitions to government agencies, local authorities, and their officials. The procedure for responding to such letters and petitions is provided by law.
Article 29 1. Every person has the right individually or jointly with others to address written requests or complaints to any competent public authority and to have them attended to and decided expeditiously; an immediate notice of any such decision taken duly reasoned shall be given to the person making the request or complaint and in any event within a period not exceeding thirty days. 2. Where any interested person is aggrieved by any such decision or where no such decision is notified to such person within the period specified in paragraph 1 of this Article, such person may have recourse to a competent court in the matter of such request or complaint.
ΑΡΘΡΟΝ 29 1. Έκαστος έχει το δικαίωμα ατομικώς ή ομού μετ’ άλλων να υποβάλλη εγγράφους αιτήσεις ή παράπονα προς οιανδήποτε αρμοδίαν δημοσίαν αρχήν δικαιούμενος ν’ απαιτήση, όπως αύτη επιληφθή αυτών και αποφασίση ταχέως. Η απόφασις της αρχής ταύτης, δεόντως ητιολογημένη, γνωστοποιείται εγγράφως αμέσως εις τον υποβαλόντα την αίτησιν ή τα παράπονα εν πάση περιπτώσει ενός προθεσμίας μη υπερβαινούσης τας τριάκοντα ημέρας. 2. Εφ’ όσον ο ενδιαφερόμενος δεν ικανοποιείται εκ της αποφάσεως ή οσάκις ουδεμία απόφασις γνωστοποιήται προς αυτόν εντός της καθοριζομένης εν τη πρώτη παραγράφω του παρόντος άρθρου προθεσμίας δύναται ο ενδιαφερόμενος ν’ αγάγη ενώπιον αρμοδίου δικαστηρίου διά προσφυγής την υπόθεσιν, εις ην αφορά η αίτησις ή το παράπονον αυτού.
Article 46 Everyone shall be entitled to file petitions and complaints and to submit proposals to governmental and other public bodies, and to receive responses thereto.
Article 93 (2)Everyone may lodge a complaint to the Ombudsperson if he/she deems that his/her constitutional or legal rights have been threatened or violated as a result of any illegal or irregular act by governmental bodies and the civil service, local and regional selfgovernmental bodies and bodies vested with public authority.
Article 146 Citizens of the Republic of Croatia shall be European Union citizens and shall enjoy the rights guaranteed by the European Union acquis communautaire, and in particular: (...) – the right to submit petitions to the European Parliament, complaints to the European Ombudsman and the right to apply to European Union institutions and advisory bodies in the Croatian language, as well as in all the other official languages of the European Union, and to receive a reply in the same language. All rights shall be exercised in compliance with the conditions and limitations laid down in the founding treaties of the European Union and the measures undertaken pursuant to such treaties. In the Republic of Croatia, all rights guaranteed by the European Union acquis communautaire shall be enjoyed by all citizens of the European Union.
Članak 46. Svatko ima pravo slati predstavke i pritužbe, davati prijedloge državnim i drugim javnim tijelima i dobiti na njih odgovor.
Članak 93. (2)Svatko može podnijeti pritužbu pučkom pravobranitelju ako smatra da su, uslijed nezakonitog ili nepravilnog rada državnih tijela, tijela lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave i tijela s javnim ovlastima, ugrožena ili povrijeđena njegova ustavna ili zakonska prava.
Članak 146. Državljani Republike Hrvatske su građani Europske unije i uživaju prava koja im jamči pravna stečevina Europske unije, a osobito: (...) – pravo podnošenja peticija Europskom parlamentu, predstavki Europskom ombudsmanu te pravo obraćanja institucijama i savjetodavnim tijelima Europske unije na hrvatskom jeziku, kao i na svim službenim jezicima Europske unije, te pravo dobiti odgovor na istom jeziku. Sva prava ostvaruju se u skladu s uvjetima i ograničenjima propisanima ugovorima na kojima se temelji Europska unija te mjerama prihvaćenima na temelju tih ugovora. U Republici Hrvatskoj sva prava zajamčena pravnom stečevinom Europske unije uživaju svi građani Europske unije.
Art. 7. The State shall be held liable for any damages caused by unlawful acts or actions on the part of its agencies and officials.
Чл. 7. Държавата отговаря за вреди, причинени от незаконни актове или действия на нейни органи и длъжностни лица.
Artikel 18 (1) Die gesamte staatliche Verwaltung darf nur auf Grund der Gesetze ausgeübt werden. Artikel 23 (1) Der Bund, die Länder, die Gemeinden und die sonstigen Körperschaften und Anstalten des öffentlichen Rechts haften für den Schaden, den die als ihre Organe handelnden Personen in Vollziehung der Gesetze durch ein rechtswidriges Verhalten wem immer schuldhaft zugefügt haben.
Article 18 (1) The entire public administration shall be based on law. Article 23 (1) The Federation, the Laender, the districts, the municipalities and the other bodies and institutions established under public law are liable for the injury which persons acting on their behalf in execution of the laws have by illegal behaviour culpably inflicted on whomsoever.