Niemand darf zur Todesstrafe verurteilt oder hingerichtet werden.
Erläuterungen
Text:
Absatz 1 dieses Artikels basiert auf Artikel 2 Absatz 1 Satz 1 der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention (EMRK), der wie folgt lautet: „1. Das Recht jedes Menschen auf Leben wird gesetzlich geschützt ...“.
Satz 2 der genannten Vorschrift, der die Todesstrafe zum Gegenstand hatte, ist durch das Inkrafttreten des Protokolls Nr. 6 zur EMRK hinfällig geworden, dessen Artikel 1 wie folgt lautet: „Die Todesstrafe ist abgeschafft. Niemand darf zu dieser Strafe verurteilt oder hingerichtet werden.“ Auf dieser Vorschrift beruht Artikel 2 Absatz 2 der Charta.
Die Bestimmungen des Artikels 2 der Charta entsprechen den Bestimmungen der genannten Artikel der EMRK und des Zusatzprotokolls. Sie haben nach Artikel 52 Absatz 3 der Charta die gleiche Bedeutung und Tragweite. So müssen die in der EMRK enthaltenen „Negativdefinitionen“ auch als Teil der Charta betrachtet werden: a) a) Artikel 2 Absatz 2 EMRK:
„Eine Tötung wird nicht als Verletzung dieses Artikels betrachtet, wenn sie durch eine Gewaltanwendung verursacht wird, die unbedingt erforderlich ist, um
a) jemanden gegen rechtswidrige Gewalt zu verteidigen; b) jemanden rechtmäßig festzunehmen oder jemanden, dem die Freiheit rechtmäßig entzogen ist, an der Flucht zu hindern; c) einen Aufruhr oder Aufstand rechtmäßig niederzuschlagen“.
b) b) Artikel 2 des Protokolls Nr. 6 zur EMRK:
„Ein Staat kann in seinem Recht die Todesstrafe für Taten vorsehen, die in Kriegszeiten oder bei unmittelbarer Kriegsgefahr begangen werden; diese Strafe darf nur in den Fällen, die im Recht vorgesehen sind, und in Übereinstimmung mit dessen Bestimmungen angewendet werden ...“.
Quelle:
Amtsblatt der Europäischen Union C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
Die Erläuterungen wurden ursprünglich unter der Verantwortung des Präsidiums des Konvents, der die Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union ausgearbeitet hat, formuliert. Sie wurden unter der Verantwortung des Präsidiums des Europäischen Konvents aufgrund der von diesem Konvent vorgenommenen Anpassungen des Wortlauts der Charta (insbesondere der Artikel 51 und 52) und der Fortentwicklung des Unionsrechts aktualisiert. Diese Erläuterungen haben als solche keinen rechtlichen Status, stellen jedoch eine nützliche Interpretationshilfe dar, die dazu dient, die Bestimmungen der Charta zu verdeutlichen.
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