Asylum

Varjupaiga-, rände- ja piiriküsimused

<p>The migrant crisis has triggered challenges across Europe. FRA encourages rights-compliant responses.</p>
<p>We provide practical expertise on this complex issue. This includes regular updates, focus papers and toolkits. We outline policy alternatives and best practices.</p>

EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

Highlights

  • Handbook / Guide / Manual
    1
    August
    2024

    ​Six points for workplace inspectors – EU law safeguards for non-EU workers ​

    Migrant workers are particularly at risk of labour exploitation. Workplace inspectors play a role in protecting non-EU workers' rights. This report guides inspectors to identify abuse and protect migrant workers. In autumn 2024, FRA will publish a manual with extensive resources to support workplace inspectors.
    Read news item
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    30
    July
    2024

    Guidance on investigating alleged ill-treatment at borders

    Fundamental rights violations on the EU’s land and sea borders often go unreported. Investigations into these violations need to be more effective. This report gathers examples of alleged rights violations of migrants and refugees between 2020 and 2023. It sets out 10 steps to promote prompt and effective national investigations into incidents of ill-treatment at borders.
    Read news item
  • Periodic updates / Series
    1
    July
    2024

    Search and rescue operations and fundamental rights - June 2024 update

    The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights regularly collects data on the operations of NGO vessels involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean. This includes any legal proceedings against them, as well as any difficulties in disembarking migrants in safe ports. This paper provides an overview of criminal investigations and other legal proceedings initiated by European Union (EU) Member States against civil society organisations deploying search and rescue vessels and aircraft in the Mediterranean and/or against individual crew members. The latest update covers the period from 2018 up until the end of May 2024.
    Read news item
  • Handbook / Guide / Manual
    17
    December
    2020

    Handbook on European law relating to asylum, borders and immigration - Edition 2020

    The European Convention on Human Rights and European Union law provide an increasingly important framework for the protection of the rights of foreigners. European Union legislation relating to asylum, borders and immigration is developing fast. There is an impressive body of case law by the European Court of Human Rights relating in particular to Articles 3, 5, 8 and 13 of the ECHR. The Court of Justice of the European Union is increasingly asked to pronounce on the interpretation of European Union law provisions in this field. The third edition of this handbook, updated up to July 2020, presents this European Union legislation and the body of case law by the two European courts in an accessible way.
Tooted
Fundamental Rights Report
Võrdõiguslikkus, mittediskrimineerimine ja rassism
Varjupaiga-, rände- ja piiriküsimused
Andmekaitse, eraelu puutumatus ja uued tehnoloogiad
Õigusküsimused, ohvrite õigused ja õigusalane koostöö
Inimõiguste süsteemide ja kaitsjate toetamine
11
June
2020
Now available in all 24 official EU languages
12 August 2020

Põhiõiguste aruanne 2020 – FRA arvamused

2019. aastal oli põhiõiguste kaitses nii edasiminekut
kui ka tagasilööke. Euroopa Liidu Põhiõiguste Ameti
(FRA) 2020. aasta põhiõiguste aruandes esitatakse
valdkonna põhiarengute ülevaade, tuues esile
saavutused ja endiselt probleemsed valdkonnad.
Selles väljaandes esitatakse FRA arvamused peamiste
hõlmatud teemavaldkondade arengu kohta ja neid
arvamusi toetavate tõendite kokkuvõte. Sellega
antakse kokkuvõtlik, kuid informatiivne ülevaade
põhiõiguste valdkonna peamistest probleemidest ELis
ja liikmesriikides.
Fundamental Rights Report
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Asylum, migration and borders
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
Support for human rights systems and defenders
11
June
2020

Fundamental Rights Report 2020

FRA’s Fundamental Rights Report 2020 reviews major developments in the field in 2019, identifying both achievements and areas of concern. It also presents FRA’s opinions on these developments, including a synopsis of the evidence supporting these opinions. This year’s focus chapter explores how to unlock the full potential of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.
Read the press release
Download country studies
COVID-19 tracing on a mobile phone
Periodic updates / Series
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Asylum, migration and borders
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
28
May
2020

Coronavirus pandemic in the EU - Fundamental Rights Implications - Bulletin 2

The Coronavirus pandemic continues to interrupt everyday life in the EU in unprecedented ways. But the way it affects our societies is shifting. As governments gradually lift some of the measures put in place to contain the spread of COVID-19, new fundamental rights concerns arise: how to ensure that the rights to life and health are upheld as daily life transitions to a ‘new normal’. This Bulletin looks at declarations of states of emergency, or equivalent, and how they came under scrutiny. It considers the impact on fundamental rights in important areas of daily life, and includes a thematic focus on the processing of users’ data to help contain COVID-19, particularly by contact-tracing apps. It covers the period 21 March – 30 April 2020.
Read press release
Watch vlog on the bulletin
Coronavirus at a migration camp
Periodic updates / Series
Access to asylum
Asylum, migration and borders
27
May
2020

Migration: Key fundamental rights concerns - Quarterly bulletin 2 - 2020

The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights has been regularly collecting data on migration since September 2015. This report focuses on the fundamental rights situation of people arriving in Member States and EU candidate countries particularly affected by large migration movements. It addresses key fundamental rights concerns between 1 January and 31 March 2020.
Access all quarterly updates
Read news item
Access all updates
Graffiti/shadow on a brickwall showing a refugee girl walking with her suitcase
Report / Paper / Summary
Child protection
Asylum, migration and borders
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Children, youth and older people
11
May
2020

Relocating unaccompanied children: applying good practices to future schemes

In recent years, thousands of girls and boys have reached Europe without their parents, and sought international protection. Many of them experienced violence, abuse and neglect in their home countries, and while in transit. They have the right to be protected in line with the provisions of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the European Convention on Human Rights, and European Union law. This report explores the challenges and good practices gathered in the implementation of such relocation programmes. Based on information FRA collected in 10 EU Member States, it aims to help national authorities to support the relocation of unaccompanied children by taking measures that are fully rights compliant and practically feasible.
View practical guidance infographic
Infographic
Child protection
Asylum, migration and borders
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Children, youth and older people

Practical guidance for protecting unaccompanied children in the relocation process

Based on the lessons learned from relocation
experiences and on existing international and EU legal
standards, FRA has developed a number of practical
suggestions for the adjustment of relocation efforts to
the protection needs of unaccompanied children. This
guidance aims to be a practical tool for Member States
that wish to engage in the relocation of unaccompanied
children and in any future responsibility-sharing
mechanisms, and to gain knowledge on how this can
be done while respecting the child’s best interests.
Children holding hands
Periodic updates / Series
Child protection
Asylum, migration and borders
30
March
2020

Children in migration in 2019

Children in migration are more vulnerable than adults, particularly when they are unaccompanied. Their vulnerability makes them more exposed to violence, exploitation and trafficking in human beings, as well as physical, psychological and sexual abuse. This report looks into challenges to the fundamental rights of children in migration throughout 2019. It pulls together the main issues identified in FRA’s Quarterly Bulletins on migration in selected EU Member States.
Access all quarterly updates
Download all updates
Feet standing of EU flag on pavement
Report / Paper / Summary
Asylum, migration and borders
Borders and information systems
27
March
2020
French version now available
24 April 2020

Fundamental rights of refugees, asylum applicants and migrants at the European borders

Council of Europe (CoE) and European Union (EU) Member States have an undeniable sovereign right to control the entry of non-nationals into their territory. While exercising border control, states have a duty to protect the fundamental rights of all people under their jurisdiction, regardless of their nationality and/or legal status. Under EU law, this includes providing access to asylum procedures.
Video
Support for human rights systems and defenders
Asylum, migration and borders

FRA Director speaks with Greek authorities about migration

Greece needs solid, sustained support and solidarity as it faces great migration challenges, says FRA Director Michael O’Flaherty after 2 days of meetings in Athens with authorities.
Report / Paper / Summary
Child protection
Asylum, migration and borders
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Children, youth and older people
17
March
2020

Relocation of unaccompanied children from Greece

The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) urges Member States to agree on a simple and practical workflow as soon as possible, to avoid lack of clarity and delays in the relocation process. This paper provides practical suggestions on relocation of unaccompanied children from Greece, building on lessons learned from previous mandatory and voluntary relocation schemes. The paper provides FRA input on the initiative of the European Commission and a group of Member States to relocate unaccompanied children.
Watch Director's video message from Athens
Handbook / Guide / Manual
Support for human rights systems and defenders
Asylum, migration and borders
February
2020

E-Media Toolkit on Migration ― Trainer's Manual

In today’s media landscape the way in which journalists and editors receive, process and publish news is constantly changing. Journalists face immense time pressure, as news frequently breaks online To facilitate training on the coverage of migration news, this Trainer’s Manual is a tool to be used together with the e-Media Toolkit.
Access the e-Media Toolkit
Periodic updates / Series
Access to asylum
Asylum, migration and borders
18
February
2020

Migration: Key fundamental rights concerns - Quarterly bulletin 1 - 2020

The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights has been regularly collecting data on migration since September 2015. This report focuses on the fundamental rights situation of people arriving in Member States and EU candidate countries particularly affected by large migration movements. It addresses key fundamental rights concerns between 1 October and 31 December 2019.
Access all quarterly updates
Read news item
Leaflet / Flyer
Varjupaiga-, rände- ja piiriküsimused
Piirid ja infosüsteemid
Andmekaitse
16
January
2020

Õigus teabele: ― juhend ametiasutustele sõrmejälgede võtmisel Eurodaci jaoks

See teabeleht aitab ametnikel ja ametiasutustel teavitada varjupaigataotlejaid ning rändajaid arusaadaval ja kättesaadaval viisil nende sõrmejälgede töötlemisest Eurodac-süsteemis.
Report / Paper / Summary
Legal migration and integration
Asylum, migration and borders
Access to asylum
Child protection
Children, youth and older people
19
November
2019

Integration of young refugees in the EU: good practices and challenges

Over 2.5 million people applied for international protection in the 28 EU Member States in 2015 and 2016. Many of those who were granted some form of protection are young people, who are likely to stay and settle in the EU. The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights interviewed some of them, as well as professionals working with them in 15 locations across six EU Member States: Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy and Sweden. This report presents the result of FRA’s fieldwork research, focusing on young people between the
ages of 16 and 24.
Handbook / Guide / Manual
Asylum, migration and borders
18
February
2013

Practical guidance in the area of asylum, migration and borders

Based on its findings and research FRA provides practical guidance to support the implementation of fundamental rights in the EU Member States. This series contains practical guidance on: Initial-reception facilities at external borders; Apprehension of migrants in an irregular situation; Guidance on how to reduce the risk of refoulement in external border management when working in or together with third countries; Fundamental rights implications of the obligation to provide fingerprints for Eurodac; Twelve operational fundamental rights considerations for law enforcement when processing Passenger Name Record (PNR) data and Border controls and fundamental rights at external land borders.
Leaflet / Flyer
Children, youth and older people
Asylum, migration and borders
Child protection
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
20
November
2019
French and German versions now available
21 April 2020

Child rights in the EU - Supporting you, Supporting them

Child rights come first. Measures to ensure child protection and participation apply to all children in the EU. This brochure guides you to relevant FRA reports and tools that can support you when promoting and protecting the rights of all children in the EU.
Periodic updates / Series
Asylum, migration and borders
Access to asylum
Child protection
Irregular migration, return and immigration detention
4
November
2019

Migration: Key fundamental rights concerns - Quarterly bulletin 4

The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights has been regularly collecting data on asylum and
migration since September 2015. This report focuses on the fundamental rights situation
of people arriving in Member States and EU candidate countries particularly affected by
migration. It addresses fundamental rights concerns between 1 July and 30 September 2019.
Read news item
Access all 2019 updates
Access all 2018 updates
Video
Asylum, migration and borders
Children, youth and older people

Video blog by Michael O'Flaherty: situation in Greek hotspots

In this edition Michael O'Flaherty reports back from his visit to the asylum seeker facility in Lesbos and calls for the support of all EU Member States to improve in particular the situation of unaccompanied children.
Report / Paper / Summary
Child protection
Asylum, migration and borders
Children, youth and older people
18
September
2019

Returning unaccompanied children: fundamental rights considerations

Individuals who are not entitled to stay in the European Union are typically subject to being returned to their home countries. This includes children who are not accompanied by their parents or by another primary caregiver. But returning such children, or finding another durable solution, is a delicate matter, and doing so in full compliance with fundamental rights protections can be difficult. This focus paper therefore aims to help national authorities involved in return-related tasks, including child-protection services, to ensure full rights compliance.
Report / Paper / Summary
Legal migration and integration
Asylum, migration and borders
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Racial and ethnic origin
Sex, sexual orientation and gender
12
September
2019

Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey - Migrant women - selected findings

FRA’s second EU Minorities and Discrimination survey (EU-MIDIS II) collected information from over 25,000 respondents with different ethnic minority and immigrant backgrounds across all 28 EU Member States. The main findings from the survey, published in 2017, pointed to a number of differences in the way women and men with immigrant backgrounds across the European Union (EU) experience how their rights are respected. This report summarises some of the most relevant survey findings in this regard, which show the need for targeted, gender-sensitive measures that promote the integration of – specifically – women who are immigrants or descendants of immigrants.