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Pravosuđe, prava žrtava i pravosudna suradnja
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Što su temeljna prava?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Preambula
Glava I: Dostojanstvo
1 - Ljudsko dostojanstvo
2 - Pravo na život
3 - Pravo na cjelovitost osobe
4 - Zabrana mučenja i neljudskog ili ponižavajućeg postupanja ili kažnjavanja
5 - Zabrana ropstva i prisilnog rada
Glava II: Slobode
6 - Pravo na slobodu i sigurnost
7 - Poštovanje privatnog i obiteljskog života
8 - Zaštita osobnih podataka
9 - Pravo na stupanje u brak i osnivanje obitelji
10 - Sloboda mišljenja, savjesti i vjeroispovijedi
11 - Sloboda izražavanja i informiranja
12 - Sloboda okupljanja i udruživanja
13 - Sloboda umjetnosti i znanosti
14 - Pravo na obrazovanje
15 - Sloboda izbora zanimanja i pravo na rad
16 - Sloboda poduzetništva
17 - Pravo na vlasništvo
18 - Pravo na azil
19 - Zaštita u slučaju udaljavanja, protjerivanja ili izručenja
Glava III: Jednakost
20 - Jednakost pred zakonom
21 - Nediskriminacija
22 - Kulturna, vjerska i jezična raznolikost
23 - Ravnopravnost žena i muškaraca
24 - Prava djeteta
25 - Prava starijih osoba
26 - Integracija osoba s invaliditetom
Glava IV: Solidarnost
27 - Pravo radnika na informiranje i savjetovanje u poduzeću
28 - Pravo na kolektivno pregovaranje i djelovanje
29 - Pravo na pristup službama za posredovanje pri zapošljavanju
30 - Zaštita u slučaju neopravdanoga otkaza
31 - Pošteni i pravični radni uvjeti
32 - Zabrana rada djece i zaštita mladih pri radu
33 - Obiteljski i profesionalni život
34 - Socijalna sigurnost i socijalna pomoć
35 - Zdravstvena zaštita
36 - Pristup službama od općeg gospodarskog interesa
37 - Zaštita okoliša
38 - Zaštita potrošača
Glava V: Prava Građana
39 - Pravo na glasovanje i kandidiranje na izborima za Europski parlament
40 - Pravo na glasovanje i kandidiranje na općinskim izborima
41 - Pravo na dobru upravu
42 - Pravo pristupa dokumentima
43 - Europski ombudsman
44 - Pravo na peticiju
45 - Sloboda kretanja i sloboda prebivanja
46 - Diplomatska i konzularna zaštita
Glava VI: Pravda
47 - Pravo na učinkoviti pravni lijek i na pravično suñenje
48 - Pretpostavka nedužnosti i pravo na obranu
49 - Načela zakonitosti i proporcionalnosti kaznenih djela i kazni
50 - Izbjegavanje dvostrukog suñenja ili kažnjavanja zbog istog kaznenog djela
Glava VII: Opće Odredbe
51 - Područje primjene
52 - Opseg i tumačenje prava i načela
53 - Razina zaštite
54 - Zabrana zlouporabe prava
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Pravosuđe, prava žrtava i pravosudna suradnja
Prava žrtava
Prava optuženika
Građansko pravosuđe
Pravosudna suradnja i vladavina prava
Sigurnost
Poslovanje i ljudska prava
Jednakost, nediskriminacija i rasizam
Djeca, mladi i starije osobe
Osobe s invaliditetom
Zločin iz mržnje
Rasno i etničko podrijetlo
Vjeroispovijest i uvjerenje
Romi
Spol, spolna orijentacija i rodni identitet
Azil, migracija i granice
Pristup azilu
Granični prijelazi i informacijski sustavi
Zaštita djeteta
Nezakonite migracije, vraćanje i zadržavanje imigranata
Zakonite migracije i integracija
Trgovina ljudima i izrabljivanje radne snage
Zaštita podataka, privatnost i nove tehnologije
Umjetna inteligencija i velika količina podataka
Granični prijelazi i informacijski sustavi
Zaštita podataka
Nezakonito profiliranje
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Povelja Europske unije o temeljnim pravima
Međuvladini sustavi za zaštitu ljudskih prava
Nacionalni sustavi i tijela za zaštitu ljudskih prava
Civilno društvo
Povelja EU-a o temeljnim pravima
Povelja EU-a o temeljnim pravima
Što su temeljna prava?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Preambula
Glava I: Dostojanstvo
1 -
Ljudsko dostojanstvo
2 -
Pravo na život
3 -
Pravo na cjelovitost osobe
4 -
Zabrana mučenja i neljudskog ili ponižavajućeg postupanja ili kažnjavanja
5 -
Zabrana ropstva i prisilnog rada
Glava II: Slobode
6 -
Pravo na slobodu i sigurnost
7 -
Poštovanje privatnog i obiteljskog života
8 -
Zaštita osobnih podataka
9 -
Pravo na stupanje u brak i osnivanje obitelji
10 -
Sloboda mišljenja, savjesti i vjeroispovijedi
11 -
Sloboda izražavanja i informiranja
12 -
Sloboda okupljanja i udruživanja
13 -
Sloboda umjetnosti i znanosti
14 -
Pravo na obrazovanje
15 -
Sloboda izbora zanimanja i pravo na rad
16 -
Sloboda poduzetništva
17 -
Pravo na vlasništvo
18 -
Pravo na azil
19 -
Zaštita u slučaju udaljavanja, protjerivanja ili izručenja
Glava III: Jednakost
20 -
Jednakost pred zakonom
21 -
Nediskriminacija
22 -
Kulturna, vjerska i jezična raznolikost
23 -
Ravnopravnost žena i muškaraca
24 -
Prava djeteta
25 -
Prava starijih osoba
26 -
Integracija osoba s invaliditetom
Glava IV: Solidarnost
27 -
Pravo radnika na informiranje i savjetovanje u poduzeću
28 -
Pravo na kolektivno pregovaranje i djelovanje
29 -
Pravo na pristup službama za posredovanje pri zapošljavanju
30 -
Zaštita u slučaju neopravdanoga otkaza
31 -
Pošteni i pravični radni uvjeti
32 -
Zabrana rada djece i zaštita mladih pri radu
33 -
Obiteljski i profesionalni život
34 -
Socijalna sigurnost i socijalna pomoć
35 -
Zdravstvena zaštita
36 -
Pristup službama od općeg gospodarskog interesa
37 -
Zaštita okoliša
38 -
Zaštita potrošača
Glava V: Prava Građana
39 -
Pravo na glasovanje i kandidiranje na izborima za Europski parlament
40 -
Pravo na glasovanje i kandidiranje na općinskim izborima
41 -
Pravo na dobru upravu
42 -
Pravo pristupa dokumentima
43 -
Europski ombudsman
44 -
Pravo na peticiju
45 -
Sloboda kretanja i sloboda prebivanja
46 -
Diplomatska i konzularna zaštita
Glava VI: Pravda
47 -
Pravo na učinkoviti pravni lijek i na pravično suñenje
48 -
Pretpostavka nedužnosti i pravo na obranu
49 -
Načela zakonitosti i proporcionalnosti kaznenih djela i kazni
50 -
Izbjegavanje dvostrukog suñenja ili kažnjavanja zbog istog kaznenog djela
Glava VII: Opće Odredbe
51 -
Područje primjene
52 -
Opseg i tumačenje prava i načela
53 -
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54 -
Zabrana zlouporabe prava
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CJEU - C 438/05 / Judgment
CJEU - C 438/05 / Judgment
International Transport Workers’ Federation and Finnish Seamen’s Union v Viking Line ABP and OÜ Viking Line Eesti
Deciding body type
Court of Justice of the European Union
Deciding body
European Court of Justice (Grand Chamber)
Type
Decision
Decision date
11/12/2007
Povelja o temeljnim pravima Europske unije
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
Title IV: Solidarity
Article 28 - Right of collective bargaining and action
VIEW FULL CASE
CJEU - C 438/05 / Judgment
Key facts of the case:
Viking Line, a Finnish shipping company, indented to reflag the Rosella, a ferry flying the Finnish flag and plying the route between Tallinn and Helsinki by registering it in Estonia in order to be able to enter into a new collective agreement with a trade union established in that State and to employ an Estonian crew, whose wages are lower than those paid in Finland.
Following that notice, the ITF sent a circular to its affiliates asking them to refrain from entering into negotiations with Viking Line, as a result of which Viking Line was prevented from holding talks with Estonian trade unions. At the same time, the FSU announced its intention to strike, demanding inter
alia that a collective agreement be concluded which provided that, during the reflagging, Viking Line would continue to comply with Finnish employment law and not lay off the crew.
Viking Line then brought an action before the High Court of Justice (England & Wales), Queen's Bench Division (Commercial Court) in the United Kingdom, where the ITF has its headquarters, requesting that the ITF be ordered to withdraw the circular and the FSU be ordered not to infringe its right of establishment with regard to the reflagging of the Rosella. The Court of Appeal, before which an appeal against the decision granting Viking’s application was lodged, referred to the Court 10 questions for a preliminary ruling concerning the provisions on the freedom of establishment and the
restrictive nature of the measures adopted by the ITF and the FSU under those provisions.
Results (sanctions) and key consequences of the case:
The Court acknowledged that the right to take collective action, including the right to strike, constitutes a fundamental right which forms an integral part of the general principles of Community law (in this regard, reference is made
to the Charter of Fundamental Rights). It added that that right must, however, be reconciled with the fundamental freedoms within the internal market, such that exercise of that right may be subject to certain restrictions, in accordance with the principle of proportionality.
The ECJ held despite that the right to strike and take collective action is recognised as fundamental rights in EU law, they do not automatically override Treaty rights related to the freedom of establishment. A determination by a national court has to be made whether a restriction to such freedom can be justified on the basis of the protection of the fundamental rights concerned and that the restriction pursues “a legitimate aim compatible with the Treaty and is justified by overriding reasons of public interest. But even if that were the case, it would still have to be suitable for securing the attainment of the objective pursued and must not go beyond what is necessary in order to attain it” In reaching its judgment the ECJ considered the nature of the right to strike and take collective action within the EU’s legal framework..
Interpretation of article(s) and implications for the resolution of the case:
FRC - Article 28:
The ECJ held that “the right to take collective action, including the right to strike, is recognised both by various international instruments which the Member States have signed or cooperated in”. (para 43) “Although the right to take collective action, including the right to strike, must therefore be recognised as a fundamental right which forms an integral part of the general principles of Community law the observance of which the Court ensures, the exercise of that right may none the less be subject to certain restrictions. As is reaffirmed by Article 28 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, those rights are to be protected in accordance with Community law and national law and practices. In addition … under Finnish law the right to strike may not be relied on, in particular, where the strike is contra bonos mores or is prohibited under national law or Community law.” (para 44)
The ECJ went on to hold that “the fundamental nature of the right to take collective action is not such as to render Article 43 EC [Freedom of Establishment] inapplicable to the collective action at issue”.(para 47) “Article 43 EC is to be interpreted as meaning that, in principle, collective action initiated by a trade union or a group of trade unions against an undertaking in order to induce that undertaking to enter into a collective agreement, the terms of which are liable to deter it from exercising freedom of establishment, is not excluded from the scope of that article.” (para 55)
Finally, the ECJ held that “collective actions which seek to induce a private undertaking whose registered office is in a given Member State to enter into a collective work agreement with a trade union established in that State and to apply the terms set out in that agreement to the employees of a subsidiary of that undertaking established in another Member State, constitute restrictions within the meaning of Article 43. Such collective action has the effect of making less attractive, or even pointless, the exercise by an undertaking of its right to freedom of establishment, inasmuch as it prevents that undertaking from enjoying the same treatment in the host Member State as other economic operators established in that State. Similarly, such collective action, seeking to prevent shipowners from registering their vessels in a State other than that of which the beneficial owners of those vessels are nationals, must be considered to be at least liable to restrict an undertaking’s exercise of its right of freedom of establishment. Those restrictions may, in principle, be justified by an overriding reason of public interest, such as the protection of workers, provided that it is established that the restriction is suitable for ensuring the attainment of the legitimate objective pursued and does not go beyond what is necessary to achieve that objective.” It is for the national court to determine the question on the facts.
Paragraphs referring to EU Charter
43, 44, 47, 55