eu-charter

Karta tad-Drittijiet Fundamentali tal-Unjoni Ewropea

Artikolu 17 - Id-dritt għall-proprjetà

Artikolu 17 - Id-dritt għall-proprjetà

1. Kull persuna għandha d-dritt li tgawdi mill-proprjetà tal-beni tagħha li tkun akkwistat legalment, li tużahom, li tiddisponi minnhom u li tħallihom bħala wirt. L-ebda persuna ma tista' tiġi mċaħħda mill-proprjetà tagħha, ħlief fl-interess pubbliku u fil-każijiet u skond il-kondizzjonijiet previsti mil-liġi, bi ħlas ta' kumpens xieraq fi żmien utli għal dak li tkun tilfet. L-użu tal-proprjetà jista' jiġi rregolat bil-liġi safejn ikun meħtieġ għall-interess pubbliku.
2. Il-proprjetà intellettwali għandha tiġi protetta.

    • Text:

      Dan l-Artikolu hu bbażat fuq l-Artikolu 1 tal-Protokoll tal-KEDB:
      `Kull persuna naturali jew persuna morali għandha dritt għat-tgawdija paċifika tal-possedimenti tagħha. Ħadd ma għandu jiġi pprivat mill-possedimenti tiegħu ħlief fl-interess pubbliku u bla ħsara tal-kundizzjonijiet provduti bil-liġi u bil-prinċipji ġenerali tal-liġi internazzjonali.
      Iżda d-dispożizzjonijiet ta' qabel ma għandhom b'ebda mod inaqqsu d-dritt ta' Stat li jwettaq dawk il-liġijiet li jidhrulu xierqa biex jikkontrolla l-użu ta' proprjetà skond l-interess ġenerali jew biex jiżgura l-ħlas ta' taxxi jew kontribuzzjonijiet oħra jew pieni`.
      Dan hu dritt fundamentali komuni għall-kostituzzjonijiet nazzjonali kollha. Huwa ġie rikonoxxut bosta drabi mill-każistika tal-Qorti tal-Ġustizzja, l-ewwel nett fis-sentenza Hauer ( 13 ta' Diċembru 1979, Ġabra 1979, p. 3727). Il-kliem ġie aġġornat iżda, skond l-Artikolu 52(3), is-sens u l-ambitu tad-dritt huma l-istess bħal dawk tad-dritt garantit mill-KEDB u l-limitazzjonijiet ma jistgħux jeċċedu dawk previsti hemmhekk.
      Il-protezzjoni tal-proprjetà intellettwali, li huwa aspett wieħed mid-dritt għall-proprjetà, hu msemmi espliċitament fil-paragrafu 2 minħabba li qed isir dejjem aktar importanti u fil-leġislazzjoni sekondarja tal-Komunità. Il-proprjetà intellettwali tkopri mhux biss il-proprjetà letterarja u artistika, iżda wkoll, inter alia, id-drittijiet ta' privattiva u trademarks u drittijiet simili. Il-garanziji stabbiliti fil-paragrafu 1 għandhom japplikaw kif xieraq għall-proprjetà intellettwali.

      Source:
      Il-Ġurnal Uffiċjali ta’ l-Unjoni Ewropea C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
      Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
      Dawn l-ispjegazzjonijiet ġew imħejjija oriġinarjament taħt ir-responsabbiltà tal-Praesidium tal-Konvenzjoni li abbozza l-Karta tad-Drittijiet Fundamentali ta' l-Unjoni Ewropea. Huma ġew aġġornati taħt ir-responsabbiltà tal-Praesidium tal-Konvenzjoni Ewropea, fid-dawl ta' l-aġġustamenti li saru għat-test tal-Karta minn dik il-Konvenzjoni (partikolarment fl-Artikoli (51 U 52) u ta' l-evoluzzjoni fil-liġi ta' l-Unjoni. Għalkemm dawn l-ispjegazzjonijiet m'għandhomx fihom infushom l-istatus ta' liġi, huma mezz siewi ta' interpretazzjoni intiż sabiex ikunu ċċarati d-dispożizzjonijiet tal-Karta.
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    2 results found

    • The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus
      Pajjiż:
      Cyprus

      Article 23
      1. Every person, alone or jointly with others, has the right to acquire, own, possess, enjoy or dispose of any movable or immovable property and has the right to respect for such right.
      The right of the Republic to underground water, minerals and antiquities is reserved.
      2. No deprivation or restriction or limitation of any such right shall be made except as provided in this Article.
      3. Restrictions or limitations which are absolutely necessary in the interest of the public safety or the public health or the public morals or the town and country planning or the development and utilisation of any property to the promotion of the public benefit or for the protection of the rights of others may be imposed by law on the exercise of such right.
      Just compensation shall be promptly paid for any such restrictions or limitations which materially decrease the economic value of such property:
      such compensation to be determined in case of disagreement by a civil court.
      4. Any movable or immovable property or any right over or interest in any such property may be compulsorily acquired by the Republic or by a municipal corporation or by a Communal Chamber for the educational, religious, charitable or sporting institutions, bodies or establishments within its competence and only from the persons belonging to its respective Community or by a public corporation or a public utility body on which such right has been conferred by law, and only -
      (a) for a purpose which is to the public benefit and shall be specially provided by a general law for compulsory acquisition which shall be enacted within a year from the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution; and
      (b) when such purpose is established by a decision of the acquiring authority and made under the provisions of such law stating clearly the reasons for such acquisition; and
      (c) upon the payment in cash and in advance of a just and equitable compensation to be determined in case of disagreement by a civil court.
      5. Any immovable property or any right over or interest in any such property compulsorily acquired shall only be used for the purpose for which fit has been acquired. If within three years of the acquisition such purpose has not been attained, the acquiring authority shall, immediately after the expiration of the said period of three years, offer the property at the price it has been acquired to the person from whom it has been acquired. Such person shall be entitled within three months of the receipt of such offer to signify his acceptance or non-acceptance of the offer, and if he signifies acceptance, such property shall be returned to him immediately after his returning such price within a further period of three months from such acceptance.
      6. In the event of agricultural reform, lands shall be distributed only to persons belonging to the same Community as the owner from whom such land has been compulsorily acquired.
      7. Nothing in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article contained shall affect the provisions of any law made for the purpose of levying execution in respect of any tax or penalty, executing any judgement, enforcing any contractual obligation or for the prevention of danger to life or property.
      8. Any movable or immovable property may be requisitioned by the Republic or by a Communal Chamber for the purposes of the educational, religious,, charitable or sporting institutions, bodies or establishments within its competence and only where the owner and the person entitled to possession of such property belong to the respective Community, and only -
      (a) for a purpose which is to the public benefit and shall be specially provided by a general law for requisitioning which shall be enacted within a year from the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution; and
      (b) when such purpose is established by a decision of the requisitioning authority and made under the provisions of such law stating clearly the reasons for such requisitioning; and
      (c) for a period not exceeding three years; and
      (d) upon the prompt payment in cash of a just and equitable compensation to be determined in case of disagreement by a civil court.
      9. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Article no deprivation restriction or limitation of the right provided in paragraph I of this Article. in respect of any movable or immovable property belonging to any See, monastery, church or any other ecclesiastical corporation or any right over it or interest therein shall be made except with the written consent of the appropriate ecclesiastical authority being in control of such property and the provisions of paragraphs 3, 4, 7 and 8 of this Article shall be subject to the provisions of this paragraph:
      Provided that restrictions or limitations for the purposes of town and country planning under the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Article are exempted from the provisions of this paragraph.
      10. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Article, no deprivation, restriction or limitation of any right provided in paragraph 1 of this Article in respect of any vakf movable or immovable property, including the objects and subjects of the vakfs and the properties belonging to the Mosques or to any other Moslem religious institutions, or any right thereon or interest therein shall be made except with the approval of theTurkish Communal Chamber and subject to the Laws and Principles of Vakfs and the provisions of paragraphs 3, 4, 7 and 8 of this Article shall be subject to the provisions of this paragraph:
      Provided that restrictions or limitations for the purposes of town and country planning under the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Article are exempted from the provisions of this paragraph.
      11. Any interested person shall have the right of recourse to the court in respect of or under any of the provisions of this Article, and such recourse shall act as a stay of proceedings for the compulsory acquisition; and in case of any restriction or limitation imposed under paragraph 3 of this Article, the court shall have power to order stay of any proceedings in respect thereof.
      Any decision of the court under this paragraph shall be subject to appeal.

    • Tο Σύνταγμα της Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας
      Pajjiż:
      Cyprus

      ΑΡΘΡΟΝ 23
      1. Έκαστος, μόνος ή από κοινού μετ’ άλλων, έχει το δικαίωμα να αποκτά, να είναι κύριος, να κατέχη, απολαύη ή διαθέτη οιανδήποτε κινητήν ή ακίνητον ιδιοκτησίαν και δικαιούται να απαιτή τον σεβασμόν του τοιούτου δικαιώματος αυτού. Το δικαίωμα της Δημοκρατίας επί των υπογείων υδάτων, ορυχείων και μεταλλείων και αρχαιοτήτων διαφυλάσσεται.
      2. Στέρησις ή περιορισμός οιουδήποτε τοιούτου δικαιώματος δεν δύναται να επιβληθή ειμή ως προβλέπεται υπό του παρόντος άρθρου.
      3. Η άσκησις τοιούτου δικαιώματος δύναται να υποβληθή διά νόμου εις όρους, δεσμεύσεις ή περιορισμούς απολύτως απαραιτήτους προς το συμφέρον της δημοσίας ασφαλείας ή της δημοσίας υγιείας ή των δημοσίων ηθών ή της πολεοδομίας ή της αναπτύξεως και χρησιμοποιήσεως οιασδήποτε ιδιοκτησίας προς προαγωγήν της δημοσίας ωφελείας ή προς προστασίαν των δικαιωμάτων τρίτων. Διά πάντα τοιούτον όρον, δέσμευσιν ή περιορισμόν, όστις μειώνει ουσιωδώς την οικονομικήν αξίαν της τοιαύτης ιδιοκτησίας, δέον να καταβάλληται το ταχύτερον δικαία αποζημίωσις, καθοριζομένη, εν περιπτώσει διαφωνίας, υπό πολιτικού δικαστηρίου.
      4. Οιαδήποτε κινητή ή ακίνητος ιδιοκτησία ή οιονδήποτε δικαίωμα ή συμφέρον επί τοιαύτης ιδιοκτησίας δύναται να απαλλοτριωθή αναγκαστικώς υπό της Δημοκρατίας ή υπό της δημοτικής αρχής, ως και υπό Κοινοτικής Συνελεύσεως υπέρ εκπαιδευτικών, θρησκευτικών, φιλανθρωπικών ή αθλητικών σωματείων, οργανώσεων ή ιδρυμάτων υποκειμένων εις την αρμοδιότητα αυτής και μόνον εις βάρος προσώπων ανηκόντων εις την αντίστοιχον κοινότητα, ως επίσης και υπό νομικού προσώπου δημοσίου δικαίου ή οργανισμού κοινής ωφελείας, προς ους έχει παραχωρηθή τοιούτον δικαίωμα υπό του νόμου και δη μόνον:
      (α) προς εξυπηρέτησιν σκοπού δημοσίας ωφελείας, ειδικώς καθορισθησομένου διά γενικού περί αναγκαστικής απαλλοτριώσεως νόμου, όστις θέλει θεσπισθή εντός έτους από της ημερομηνίας ενάρξεως της ισχύος του Συντάγματος,
      (β) του τοιούτου σκοπού εξειδικευομένου δι’ ητιολογημένης αποφάσεως της απαλλοτριούσης αρχής εκδιδομένης κατά τας διατάξεις του νόμου τούτου, περιλαμβανούσης σαφώς τους λόγους της τοιαύτης απαλλοτριώσεως και
      (γ) επί καταβολή τοις μετρητοίς και προκαταβολικώς δικαίας και ευλόγου αποζημιώσεως καθοριζομένης εν περιπτώσει διαφωνίας υπό πολιτικού δικαστηρίου.
      5. Οιαδήποτε ακίνητος ιδιοκτησία, ή δικαίωμα ή συμφέρον επί τοιαύτης ιδιοκτησίας απαλλοτριωθείσα αναγκαστικώς θα χρησιμοποιηθή αποκλειστικώς προς τον δι’ ον απηλλοτριώθη σκοπόν. Εάν εντός τριών ετών από της απαλλοτριώσεως δεν καταστή εφικτός ο τοιούτος σκοπός, η απαλλοτριώσασα αρχή, ευθύς μετά την εκπνοήν της ρηθείσης προθεσμίας των τριών ετών υποχρεούται να προσφέρη την ιδιοκτησίαν επί καταβολή της τιμής κτήσεως εις το πρόσωπον παρ’ ου απηλλοτρίωσεν αυτήν. Το πρόσωπον τούτο δικαιούται εντός τριών μηνών από της λήψεως της προσφοράς να γνωστοποιήση την αποδοχήν ή μη ταύτης. Εφ’ όσον δε γνωστοποιήση ότι αποδέχεται την προσφοράν, η ιδιοκτησία επιστρέφεται ευθύς άμα αποδοθή παρά του προσώπου το τίμημα εντός περαιτέρω προθεσμίας τριών μηνών από της τοιαύτης αποδοχής.
      6. Εν περιπτώσει αγροτικής μεταρρυθμίσεως αι γαίαι διανέμονται μόνον εις άτομα ανήκοντα εις την κοινότητα, εις ην ανήκει και ο ιδιοκτήτης των αναγκαστικώς απαλλοτριωθεισών γαιών.
      7. Η τρίτη και τετάρτη παράγραφος του παρόντος άρθρου δεν έχουσιν εφαρμογήν προκειμένου περί διατάξεων οιουδήποτε νόμου, περί αναγκαστικής εκτελέσεως εν σχέσει προς οιονδήποτε φόρον ή ποινήν, περί αναγκαστικής εκτελέσεως οιασδήποτε δικαστικής αποφάσεως, ή περί αναγκαστικής εκτελέσεως συμβατικών υποχρεώσεων ή περί παρεμποδίσεως κινδύνου επαπειλούντος την ζωήν ή την ιδιοκτησίαν.
      8. Οιαδήποτε κινητή ή ακίνητος ιδιοκτησία δύναται να επιταχθή υπό της Δημοκρατίας, ή υπό Κοινοτικής Συνελεύσεως υπέρ εκπαιδευτικών, θρησκευτικών, φιλανθρωπικών ή αθλητικών σωματείων, οργανώσεων ή ιδρυμάτων υποκειμένων εις την αρμοδιότητα αυτής και εφ’ όσον ο ιδιοκτήτης και το δικαιούμενον κατοχής της ιδιοκτησίας άτομον ανήκουσιν εις την αντίστοιχον κοινότητα και δη μόνον:
      (α) προς εξυπηρέτησιν σκοπού δημοσίας ωφελείας ειδικώς καθορισθησομένου διά γενικού νόμου περί επιτάξεων, όστις θέλει θεσπισθή εντός έτους από της ημερομηνίας ενάρξεως της ισχύος του Συντάγματος,
      (β) του τοιούτου σκοπού εξειδικευομένου δι’ ητιολογημένης αποφάσεως της επιβαλλούσης την επίταξιν αρχής εκδιδομένης κατά τας διατάξεις του νόμου τούτου και περιλαμβανούσης σαφώς τους λόγους της τοιαύτης επιτάξεως.
      (γ) διά περίοδον μη υπερβαίνουσαν την τριετίαν και
      (δ) επί καταβολή τοις μετρητοίς το ταχύτερον δικαίας και ευλόγου αποζημιώσεως καθοριζομένης εν περιπτώσει διαφωνίας υπό πολιτικού δικαστηρίου.
      9. Ουδεμία εν τούτοις επιβάλλεται αποστέρησις ή όρος, περιορισμός ή δέσμευσις του εις την πρώτην παράγραφον του παρόντος άρθρου προβλεπομένου δικαιώματος επί οιασδήποτε κινητής ή ακινήτου ιδιοκτησίας ανηκούσης εις οιανδήποτε επισκοπήν, μοναστήριον, ή οιονδήποτε άλλον εκκλησιαστικόν οργανισμόν, ή οιουδήποτε δικαιώματος ή συμφέροντος επί αυτής, ειμή τη εγγράφω συναινέσει της αρμοδίας εκκλησιαστικής αρχής της εχούσης τον έλεγχον της ιδιοκτησίας ταύτης, η δε παρούσα διάταξις ισχύει και επί των περιπτώσεων, περί ων αι διατάξεις της τρίτης παραγράφου, πλην των όρων, περιορισμών ή δεσμεύσεων προς το συμφέρον πολεοδομίας, και της τετάρτης, έβδομης και ογδόης παραγράφου του παρόντος άρθρου.
      10. Ουδεμία εν τούτοις επιβάλλεται αποστέρησις ή όρος, περιορισμός ή δέσμευσις οιουδήποτε δικαιώματος προβλεπομένου εις την πρώτην παράγραφον του παρόντος άρθρου επί οιασδήποτε κινητής ή ακινήτου βακουφικής ιδιοκτησίας, περιλαμβανούσης τα αντικείμενα και τα υποκείμενα των βακουφίων και των ιδιοκτησιών των ανηκουσών εις τα τεμένη ή εις οιαδήποτε άλλα μουσουλμανικά θρησκευτικά ιδρύματα ή οιουδήποτε δικαιώματος ή συμφέροντος επ’ αυτών, ειμή τη εγκρίσει της τουρκικής Κοινοτικής Συνελεύσεως και συμφώνως προς τους νόμους και τας αρχάς των βακουφίων, η δε παρούσα διάταξις ισχύει και επί των περιπτώσεων περί ων αι διατάξεις της τρίτης παραγράφου, πλην των όρων, περιορισμών ή δεσμεύσεων προς το συμφέρον πολεοδομίας, και της τετάρτης, εβδόμης και ογδόης παραγράφου του παρόντος άρθρου.
      11. Πας ενδιαφερόμενος έχει το δικαίωμα προσφυγής εις το δικαστήριον εν σχέσει προς οιανδήποτε των διατάξεων του παρόντος άρθρου ή κατ’ εφαρμογήν αυτών, η δε τοιαύτη προσφυγή αναστέλλει την διαδικασίαν της αναγκαστικής απαλλοτριώσεως. Εν περιπτώσει οιουδήποτε όρου, περιορισμού ή δεσμεύσεως κατ’ εφαρμογήν της τρίτης παραγράφου του παρόντος άρθρου, το δικαστήριον δύναται να διατάσση αναστολήν οιασδήποτε σχετικής διαδικασίας. Πάσα απόφασις δικαστηρίου εκδιδομένη κατ’ εφαρμογήν της παρούσης παραγράφου υπόκειται εις έφεσιν.

    7 results found

    • Council Regulation (EU) 2016/1103 of 24 June 2016 implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of jurisdiction, applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of matrimonial property regimes

      [...]

      (73) This Regulation respects fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in the Charter, in particular Articles 7, 9, 17, 21 and 47 concerning, respectively, respect for private and family life, the right to marry and to found a family according to national laws, property rights, the principle of non-discrimination and the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial. This Regulation should be applied by the courts and other competent authorities of the Member States in compliance with those rights and principles.

      [...]

    • Directive (EU) 2022/2381 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 November 2022 on improving the gender balance among directors of listed companies and related measures

      Article 1

      Purpose

      This Directive aims to achieve a more balanced representation of women and men among the directors of listed companies by establishing effective measures that aim to accelerate progress towards gender balance, while allowing listed companies sufficient time to make the necessary arrangements for that purpose.

    • Directive (EU) 2015/2436 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2015 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks

      Article 3 - Signs of which a trade mark may consist
      ‘A trade mark may consist of any signs, in particular words, including personal names, or designs, letters, numerals, colours, the shape of goods or of the packaging of goods, or sounds, provided that such signs are capable of:
      (a) distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings; and
      (b) being represented on the register in a manner which enables the competent authorities and the public to determine the clear and precise subject matter of the protection afforded to its proprietor.‘
      Article 10 - Rights conferred by a trade mark
      ‘1. The registration of a trade mark shall confer on the proprietor exclusive rights therein.
      2. Without prejudice to the rights of proprietors acquired before the filing date or the priority date of the registered trade mark, the proprietor of that registered trade mark shall be entitled to prevent all third parties not having his consent from using in the course of trade, in relation to goods or services, any sign where:
      (a) the sign is identical with the trade mark and is used in relation to goods or services which are identical with those for which the trade mark is registered;
      (b) the sign is identical with, or similar to, the trade mark and is used in relation to goods or services which are identical with, or similar to, the goods or services for which the trade mark is registered, if there exists a likelihood of confusion on the part of the public; the likelihood of confusion includes the likelihood of association between the sign and the trade mark;
      (c) the sign is identical with, or similar to, the trade mark irrespective of whether it is used in relation to goods or services which are identical with, similar to, or not similar to, those for which the trade mark is registered, where the latter has a reputation in the Member State and where use of that sign without due cause takes unfair advantage of, or is detrimental to, the distinctive character or the repute of the trade mark.‘

    • Directive 2014/42/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 on the freezing and confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of crime in the European Union

      Preamble:
      ‘(31) Given the limitation of the right to property by freezing orders, such provisional measures should not be maintained longer than necessary to preserve the availability of the property with a view to possible subsequent confiscation. This may require a review by the court in order to ensure that the purpose of preventing the dissipation of property remains valid.‘

    • Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 on the European Union trade mark (Text with EEA relevance.)

      Article 1 - EU trade mark
      ‘1. A trade mark for goods or services which is registered in accordance with the conditions contained in this Regulation and in the manner herein provided is hereinafter referred to as a ‘European Union trade mark (“EU trade mark”)’.
      2. An EU trade mark shall have a unitary character. It shall have equal effect throughout the Union: it shall not be registered, transferred or surrendered or be the subject of a decision revoking the rights of the proprietor or declaring it invalid, nor shall its use be prohibited, save in respect of the whole Union. This principle shall apply unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation.‘
      Article 4 - Signs of which an EU trade mark may consist
      ‘An EU trade mark may consist of any signs, in particular words, including personal names, or designs, letters, numerals, colours, the shape of goods or of the packaging of goods, or sounds, provided that such signs are capable of:
      (a) distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings; and
      (b) being represented on the Register of European Union trade marks (‘the Register’), in a manner which enables the competent authorities and the public to determine the clear and precise subject matter of the protection afforded to its proprietor.‘

    • Regulation (EU) No 608/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 June 2013 concerning customs enforcement of intellectual property rights and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1383/2003

      Article 3 - Entitlement to submit an application
      ‘The following persons and entities shall, to the extent they are entitled to initiate proceedings, in order to determine whether an intellectual property right has been infringed, in the Member State or Member States where the customs authorities are requested to take action, be entitled to submit:
      (1) a national or a Union application:
      (a) right-holders;
      (b) intellectual property collective rights management bodies as referred to in point (c) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2004/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the enforcement of intellectual property rights (21);
      (c) professional defence bodies as referred to in point (d) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2004/48/EC;
      (d) groups within the meaning of point (2) of Article 3, and Article 49(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012, groups of producers within the meaning of Article 118e of Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 or similar groups of producers provided for in Union law governing geographical indications representing producers of products with a geographical indication or representatives of such groups, in particular Regulations (EEC) No 1601/91 and (EC) No 110/2008 and operators entitled to use a geographical indication as well as inspection bodies or authorities competent for such a geographical indication;
      (2) a national application:
      (a) persons or entities authorised to use intellectual property rights, which have been authorised formally by the right-holder to initiate proceedings in order to determine whether the intellectual property right has been infringed;
      (b) groups of producers provided for in the legislation of the Member States governing geographical indications representing producers of products with geographical indications or representatives of such groups and operators entitled to use a geographical indication, as well as inspection bodies or authorities competent for such a geographical indication;
      (3) a Union application: holders of exclusive licenses covering the entire territory of two or more Member States, where those licence holders have been authorised formally in those Member States by the right-holder to initiate proceedings in order to determine whether the intellectual property right has been infringed.‘

    • Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA

      Preamble:

      (14) In applying this Directive, children's best interests must be a primary consideration, in accordance with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted on 20 November 1989. Child victims should be considered and treated as the full bearers of rights set out in this Directive and should be entitled to exercise those rights in a manner that takes into account their capacity to form their own views.
      (16) Victims of terrorism have suffered attacks that are intended ultimately to harm society. They may therefore need special attention, support and protection due to the particular nature of the crime that has been committed against them. Victims of terrorism can be under significant public scrutiny and often need social recognition and respectful treatment by society. Member States should therefore take particular account of the needs of victims of terrorism, and should seek to protect their dignity and security.’
      ‘(38) [...] A main task of these services and their staff, which play an important role in supporting the victim to recover from and overcome potential harm or trauma as a result of a criminal offence, should be to inform victims about the rights set out in this Directive so that they can take decisions in a supportive environment that treats them with dignity, respect and sensitivity. The types of support that such specialist support services should offer could include providing shelter and safe accommodation, immediate medical support, referral to medical and forensic examination for evidence in cases of rape or sexual assault, short and long-term psychological counselling, trauma care, legal advice, advocacy and specific services for children as direct or indirect victims.’
      ‘(52) Measures should be available to protect the safety and dignity of victims and their family members from secondary and repeat victimisation, from intimidation and from retaliation, such as interim injunctions or protection or restraining orders.’

      (66) This Directive respects fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. In particular, it seeks to promote the right to dignity, life, physical and mental integrity, liberty and security, respect for private and family life, the right to property, the principle of non-discrimination, the principle of equality between women and men, the rights of the child, the elderly and persons with disabilities, and the right to a fair trial.

      Article 18 - Right to protection
      ‘Without prejudice to the rights of the defence, Member States shall ensure that measures are available to protect victims and their family members from secondary and repeat victimisation, from intimidation and from retaliation, including against the risk of emotional or psychological harm, and to protect the dignity of victims during questioning and when testifying. When necessary, such measures shall also include procedures established under national law for the physical protection of victims and their family members.’

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