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Karta tad-Drittijiet Fundamentali tal-Unjoni Ewropea

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Titolu VI

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Artikolu 49 - Il-prinċipji ta' legalità u proporzjonalità ta' reati u ta' pieni

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Artikolu 49 - Il-prinċipji ta' legalità u proporzjonalità ta' reati u ta' pieni

1. L-ebda persuna m'għandha tiġi kkundannata għal xi att jew ommissjoni li, fiż-żmien meta sar jew saret, ma kienx jew ma kenitx reat skond il-liġi nazzjonali jew il-liġi internazzjonali. Lanqas m'għandha tingħata piena akbar minn dik li kienet applikabbli fiż-żmien meta twettaq ir-reat. Jekk wara li twettaq ir-reat, il-liġi tipprovdi għal piena inqas, dik il-piena għandha tkun applikabbli. 2. Dan l-Artikolu m'għandux jippreġudika l-proċess u l-piena ta' persuna ħatja ta' att jew ommissjoni li, fiż-żmien meta sar jew saret, kien jew kienet reat skond il-prinċipji ġenerali rikonoxxuti mill-komunità tan-nazzjonijiet. 3. Is-severità tal-piena m'għandhiex tkun sproporzjonata għar-reat.

  • Text:

    Dan l-Artikolu isegwi r-regola tradizzjonali tan-nonretroattività tal-liġijiet u tal-pieni. Miegħu żdiedet ir-regola tar-retroattività ta' liġi penali li tkun aktar klementi, li teżisti f'għadd ta' Stati Membri u li tinstab fl-Artikolu 15 tal-Patt dwar id-Drittijiet Ċivili u Politiċi.

    L-Artikolu 7 tal-KEDB jinqara kif ġej:

    `1. Hadd ma għandu jitqies li jkun ħati ta' reat kriminali minħabba f'xi att jew ommissjoni li ma kienux jikkostitwixxu reat kriminali skond liġi nazzjonali jew internazzjonali fil-ħin meta jkun sar. Lanqas ma għandha tingħata piena akbar minn dik li kienet applikabbli fiż-żmien meta r-reat kriminali jkun sar.

    2. Dan l-Artikolu ma għandux jippreġudika l-proċeduri u l-applikazzjoni tal-piena ta' xi persuna għal xi att jew ommissjoni li, fiż-żmien meta jkun sar, kien kriminali skond il-prinċipji ġenerali tal-liġi rikonoxxuti min-nazzjonijiet ċivilizzati`.

    Fil-paragrafu 2, ir-referenza għall-kelma `ċivilizzati` ġiet imħassra; dan ma jbiddel bl-ebda mod is-sens ta' dan il-paragrafu, li jirreferi partikolarment għar-reati kontra l-umanità. Skond l-Artikolu 52(3), id-dritt li huwa ggarantit hawnhekk għandu għalhekk l-istess sens u l-istess ambitu bħad-dritt iggarantit mill-KEDB.

    Il-paragrafu 3 jtenni l-prinċipju ġenerali ta' proporzjonalità tar-reati u l-pieni, li huwa protett mit-tradizzjonijiet kostituzzjonali komuni ta' l-Istati Membri u mill-każistika tal-Qorti tal-Ġustizzja tal-Komunitajiet.

    Source:
    Il-Ġurnal Uffiċjali ta’ l-Unjoni Ewropea C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
    Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
    Dawn l-ispjegazzjonijiet ġew imħejjija oriġinarjament taħt ir-responsabbiltà tal-Praesidium tal-Konvenzjoni li abbozza l-Karta tad-Drittijiet Fundamentali ta' l-Unjoni Ewropea. Huma ġew aġġornati taħt ir-responsabbiltà tal-Praesidium tal-Konvenzjoni Ewropea, fid-dawl ta' l-aġġustamenti li saru għat-test tal-Karta minn dik il-Konvenzjoni (partikolarment fl-Artikoli (51 U 52) u ta' l-evoluzzjoni fil-liġi ta' l-Unjoni. Għalkemm dawn l-ispjegazzjonijiet m'għandhomx fihom infushom l-istatus ta' liġi, huma mezz siewi ta' interpretazzjoni intiż sabiex ikunu ċċarati d-dispożizzjonijiet tal-Karta.
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  • The Belgian Constitution
    URL:
    The Belgian Constitution
    Pajjiż:
    Belgium

    Article 14.No punishment can be introduced or administered except by virtue of the law. Article 17.Assets may not be confiscated as a means of punishment.

  • European Convention on Human Rights - Article 7
    URL:
    The European Convention on Human Rights 
    Pajjiż:
    Austria

    Artikel 7

    1. No one shall be held guilty of any criminal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a criminal offence under national or international law at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the criminal offence was committed.

    2. This Article shall not prejudice the trial and punishment of any person for any act or omission which, at the time when it was committed, was criminal according to the general principles of law recognised by civilised nations.

  • Konvention zum Schutze der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten
    URL:
    Konvention zum Schutze der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten
    Pajjiż:
    Austria

    Artikel 7 (1) Niemand kann wegen einer Handlung oder Unterlassung verurteilt werden, die zur Zeit ihrer Begehung nach inländischem oder internationalem Recht nicht strafbar war. Ebenso darf keine höhere Strafe als die im Zeitpunkt der Begehung der strafbaren Handlung angedrohte Strafe verhängt werden. (2) Durch diesen Artikel darf die Verurteilung oder Bestrafung einer Person nicht ausgeschlossen werden, die sich einer Handlung oder Unterlassung schuldig gemacht hat, welche im Zeitpunkt ihrer Begehung nach den von den zivilisierten Völkern allgemein anerkannten Rechtsgrundsätzen strafbar war.

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