22
November
2023

Forced return monitoring systems – 2023 update

FRA publishes annual updates on the forced return monitoring systems that EU Member States have set up under Article 8 (6) of the EU’s Return Directive (2008/115/EC). This latest update covers the period until the end of 2022.


Introduction

Since 2014, FRA has been publishing an annual update of the forced return monitoring systems that EU Member States have set up under Article 8 (6) of the EU’s Return Directive (2008/115/EC). These overviews describe different indicators for an effective forced return monitoring system. They include information about the organisation responsible for monitoring forced return, the number of operations monitored in the given year, the phases of monitored return operations, the number of staff trained and working as monitors, and whether the monitoring body issued public reports about the monitoring. The overviews do not cover monitoring by the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) pool of forced return monitors.