Support for human rights systems and defenders

The Fundamental Rights Report: Challenges and Achievements in 2025 is FRA’s flagship annual publication. It provides an overview of the state of fundamental rights in the EU and highlights selected critical developments from 2025. This year, it focuses on four areas: rights protection in a rapidly changing digital environment; the housing crisis and rising homelessness rates; employment challenges for people from non-EU countries; and the implementation of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. The publication is a valuable resource for those seeking to stay informed about the EU’s shifting landscape of fundamental rights.

What is the rule of law and why does it matter? This explainer translates a foundational legal concept into clear, practical terms that resonate with everyday life. Its aim is to support clear and accessible communication on the rule of law as one of the foundations of our democratic societies.

Civic space is a crucial component of democracy and of societies founded on respect for fundamental rights and the rule of law. Civil society organisations across the EU face increasing pressure that limits their ability to operate. This report presents FRA opinions on how EU Member States can better protect civic space and support civil society organisations in safeguarding fundamental rights. The findings are based on data and information collected by FRANET, FRA’s multidisciplinary research network, and FRA’s consultation with CSOs participating in its Fundamental Rights Platform. It is complemented by desk research, interviews, stakeholder meetings and exchanges with intergovernmental organisations. It covers all EU Member States, as well as Albania, North Macedonia and Serbia.

As the EU prepares to join the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), this report outlines the main changes that accession would bring, offering an overview of the legal and operational implications. Presented in a Q&A format, it provides answers to 19 key questions for legal professionals and a broader audience. It describes the steps needed to conclude accession, the expected benefits for protecting rights, and some of the challenges that may come up. This legal analysis contributes to the current discussions on EU accession.

This report examines how human rights impact assessments (HRIAs) are built into lawmaking across the EU and its Member States. It highlights that, although progress has been made, the use of HRIAs remains uneven and often superficial. In many EU countries, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights is frequently overlooked. The report identifies insufficient consultation with external experts, limited stakeholder participation and a lack of evaluation once laws are in force. To address these gaps, it offers practical recommendations for more systematic, inclusive and evidence-based HRIAs that strengthen human rights protection and ensure better, more accountable legislation throughout the EU.

Ky publikim është një ekstrakt i raportit vjetor të
Agjencisë së Bashkimit Evropian për të Drejtat
Themelore (FRA), Fundamental Rights Report 2025
(Raporti për të drejtat themelore, 2025). Ai paraqet
zhvillime kryesore të caktuara lidhur me të drejtat
themelore gjatë vitit 2024, si dhe gjetjet kryesore
dhe opinionet e FRA-së nga kapitujt e raportit.

The Fundamental Rights Report 2025 is the annual report of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA). It provides an overview of the state of fundamental rights in the EU and highlights selected critical developments and trends in 2024. The report covers issues such as inclusive elections, gender-based violence, and the implementation of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. It presents FRA’s opinions on these developments, setting out the actions that the EU and Member States should take. This annual publication is a valuable resource for those seeking to stay informed about the EU’s shifting landscape of fundamental rights.

National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) play an important role in providing independent human rights protection in EU Member States. Since 2020, the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) has been tracking the accreditation status and mandates of NHRIs across the EU. The 2025 annual update continues this work. These updates examine whether NHRIs are involved in monitoring compliance with fundamental rights in the use of EU funds, and how they use the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights when advising governments or carrying out education, training, and awareness-raising activities.

FRA’s Fundamental Rights Report 2024 analyses the year’s developments in fundamental rights. It focuses on the most pressing fundamental rights concerns facing Europe in 2023: the cost-of-living crisis, rights concerns at the EU’s external borders and migration, and threats to democracy. Re-structured, this year’s new approach is a shorter and sharper analysis. It also presents FRA’s opinions on these developments, including a summary of the evidence supporting these opinions.

Viti 2023 solli njëkohësisht progres dhe pengesa në fushën e mbrojtjes së të drejtave themelore. Raporti për të drejtat themelore i vitit 2024 i Agjencisë së Bashkimit Evropian për të Drejtat Themelore (FRA) merr në shqyrtim zhvillimet në këtë fushë, duke identifikuar arritjet dhe fushat që ende mbeten shqetësuese. Ky botim paraqet opinionet e FRAsë për zhvillimet kryesore në fushat tematike që mbulon raporti dhe një përmbledhje të provave mbi të cilat mbështeten këto opinione. Në këtë mënyrë, raporti jep një panoramë të përgjithshme kompakte por informuese të sfidave kryesore të lidhura me të drejtat themelore, me të cilat përballen Bashkimi Europian (BE) dhe shtetet anëtare të saj.