Equality

Equality, non-discrimination and racism

Equality is a core value of the EU. You have the right to fair treatment regardless of who you are, what you believe, or how you chose to live.

We carry out research and share expertise to help fight discrimination, inequality and racism in all its forms.

Highlights

  • Report / Paper / Summary
    3
    March
    2026
    Violence against women remains widespread in the European Union (EU). This joint report by the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) and the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) presents detailed findings from the EU gender-based violence survey. It offers in-depth analysis of the scale, nature and drivers of violence and exposes the structural gender inequality. Building on the 2024 publication, EU gender-based violence survey - Key results, and following up on FRA’s 2014 report, Violence against women: an EU-wide survey, this report tracks trends over the last decade across the EU. Eurostat, FRA, and EIGE jointly conducted the survey. It is based on over 100,000 interviews covering all 27 EU Member States.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    27
    January
    2026
    This report looks at antisemitism in the EU, focusing on what can be done to address gaps in recording and inconsistencies in data collection. It highlights existing tools and guidance for Member States to improve their recording systems. The analysis is based on official administrative data and information from publicly available sources across EU Member States, as well as Albania, North Macedonia, and Serbia. Detailed country overviews are available for all countries covered. Antisemitism has been monitored by FRA since 2004. This report builds on the 2024 publication, ‘Jewish People’s Experiences and Perceptions of Antisemitism’.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    27
    November
    2025
    This report looks at the breadth and depth of violence and neglect faced by people with disabilities living in institutions. It highlights the shortcomings by EU Member States in preventing violence and protecting those who are at a higher risk of experiencing it, in line with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Based on research across all EU Member States and FRA observer candidate countries, the report calls for better protection, stronger prevention of violence, and clear accountability. It urges the EU and its Member States to implement their obligations around equality and fundamental rights.
  • Data explorer
    FRA’s 2024 survey on Roma and Travellers in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechia, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, North Macedonia, Portugal, Romania, Serbia and Spain collected information from 10,126 respondents living in private households who self-identify as Roma or Traveller, are 16 or older and have lived in the survey countries for at least the 12 months before the survey.
    Publications and data
    Report / Paper / Summary
    3
    March
    2008
    The report brings together experiences from a number of cities across Europe. It focuses on fields such as education, employment and the provision of public services which all remain critical for the success of building cohesive communities.
    Report / Paper / Summary
    16
    January
    2008
    The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights presents in this paper the fourth brief update of its 2004 extensive report "Manifestations of anti-Semitism in the European Union". The overview contains the latest governmental and non-governmental statistical data covering 2001 to 2007 for those EU Member States that have official or unofficial data and statistics on anti-Semitic incidents.
    1
    December
    2006
    “Muslims in the European Union: Discrimination and Islamophobia” is a report by the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC) on the situation of Muslims in the Member States of the European Union.
    1
    December
    2006
    The report "Muslims in the European Union: Discrimination and Islamophobia" published presents available data on discrimination affecting Muslims in employment, education and housing.
    Report / Paper / Summary
    1
    October
    2006
    Some 120 journalists and media practitioners from Europe, North Africa and the Middle East met in Vienna on 22 and 23 May 2006 to discuss the influence of media on intercultural relations and racism. Topics under discussion included improving reporting standards and accountability of journalists; self-regulation policies in the EU and in South-Mediterranean countries; impact of media reporting on ethnic and religious minorities; negative stereotyping; balancing freedom of expression with protection from hate speech; and making better use of expertise and experience of ethnic minority organisations.
    Fundamental Rights Report
    1
    June
    2006
    The EUMC Annual Report 2006 looks at racial discrimination and data on racist violence and crime. It also includes an overview of positive initiatives.The EUMC finds that migrants and ethnic minorities remain discriminated against across the EU in employment, education and housing.
    Report / Paper / Summary
    10
    November
    2005
    The report analyses the impact of the bomb attacks on the EU's Muslim communities, examining government and police responses to the events, the reaction from Muslim communities, media reporting, and the possibility of an anti-Muslim backlash, in the EU and in the UK in particular.
    Fundamental Rights Report
    1
    June
    2005
    This annual report of the Agency is the EU's first comprehensive overview of racist, xenophobic, antisemitic and anti-Muslim discrimination, and responses to it, to cover all 25 EU Member States. The Roma emerge as the group most vulnerable to racism in the EU. They face discrimination in employment, housing and education - as well as being regular victims of racial violence. Other groups facing high levels of discrimination in many Member States are migrant workers from Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Latin America. Muslim groups face particularly challenging conditions in many Member States. Also recent migrants from Russia or the Ukraine may be subject to discrimination in some Member States.
    Report / Paper / Summary
    1
    April
    2005
    The report on ‘Racist Violence in 15 EU Member States' is based on national reports by the Agency's National Focal Points and includes available data for the period 2001-2004. The focus of the report is on the extent and nature of, and policy responses to, racist violence (and associated activities) in EU15.
    15
    March
    2005
    By their very nature, opinion polls are in danger of misinterpretation or simplification. The EUMC puts forward these questions & answers in order to facilitate a better interpretation of the survey results.
    Report / Paper / Summary
    15
    March
    2005
    This summary provides a brief overview and interpretation of important results from the analysis of the 2003 Eurobarometer survey and 2003 European Social Survey on majorities’ attitudes
    towards minorities. Detailed research findings can be found in the four reports stemming from the research.
    Fundamental Rights Report
    15
    March
    2005
    In 2003 the Agency commissioned a research team from the University of Nijmegen in the Netherlands (NISCO) to conduct a major analysis of data from the 2003 Eurobarometer Survey and the 2003 European Social Survey on attitudes towards minorities and migrants in different European countries. The researchers also compared the findings of the 2003 Eurobarometer with results of earlier Eurobarometer Surveys. The research team produced a statistical analysis, written up as four reports.
    Fundamental Rights Report
    2
    December
    2004
    In the Annual Report published on 2 December 2004, the Agency concludes that the education system in EU states is still failing migrant and minority pupils and racism against the Roma community continues.
    Fundamental Rights Report
    1
    December
    2004
    The report analyses the existing and developing legal measures and remedies against discrimination of migrants and minorities, especially within the framework of the two EU anti-discrimination directives and their transposition into national legislation.
    Report / Paper / Summary
    3
    May
    2004
    This report complements the report "Manifestations of Antisemitism in the EU 2002-2003" and consists of material from in-depth interviews with 35 persons from Jewish communities in eight European countries, covering their own perceptions of antisemitism.
    3
    May
    2004
    "Manifestations of Antisemitism in the EU 2002 - 2003" details manifestations of antisemitism in the EU over a two-year period from 2002-2003 using data available by October 2003 and proposes policies to counter it. The second report, "Perceptions of Antisemitism in the European Union" provides snapshot interviews with members of the Jewish community. The main report shows that there has been an increase in antisemitic incidents in five EU countries, (Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK). Those incidents ranged from hate mail to arson. In some other countries there has been little evidence of increase in antisemitism.
    Report / Paper / Summary
    1
    January
    2004
    The Agency commissioned the material for this report from its National Focal Points in 15 EU Member States. The report constitutes a unique collection of evidence on various forms of discrimination and disadvantage experienced by migrants and minorities in the education sector. The Report finds that migrant and minority ethnic groups are over-represented in educational establishments with lower academic demands, have higher drop out rates, lower school completion rates, and sometimes even face segregation into 'special needs schools'. As well as documenting inequality, discrimination and process of exclusion, the report also examples of good practices in the field of education. The report finishes with selected recommendations for the EU and its Member States.
    Fundamental Rights Report
    1
    December
    2003
    The report was presented to the European Parliament beginning of December 2003, it provides information on the situation regarding racism and xenophobia in the Community and its Member States, and highlights examples of good practice.
    1
    October
    2003
    During 2003 the two EU Council Directives on equality were due to be transposed into the legislation of Member States. This report, published by the EUMC in the same year, provides conclusive evidence for the necessity of these Directives, and indicates the need for corresponding anti-discrimination measures in employment.
    Report / Paper / Summary
    1
    January
    2003
    Concern about the reported rise in Antisemitism and Islamophobia in Europe following the September 11 terrorist attacks against the US, led the Agency together with the European Commission to organise a series of Round Tables on these themes.