Skip to main content
Hrvatski
×
Select site language
Български
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
English
Español
Eesti
Suomi
Français
Gaeilge
Hrvatski
Magyar
Italiano
Lietuvių
Latviešu
Malti
Nederlands
Polski
Português
Română
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Svenska
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mastodon
Instagram
Facebook
YouTube
PeerTube
Newsletter
Top Menu
O Agenciji EU-a za temeljna prava
Suradnja
Newsroom
Cookies
Contact
Custom Topbar
Search
×
Search the FRA website
Pretraga po ključnim riječima
Advanced search
menu-icon
Work on rights
Pravosuđe, prava žrtava i pravosudna suradnja
Prava žrtava
Prava optuženika
Građansko pravosuđe
Pravosudna suradnja i vladavina prava
Sigurnost
Poslovanje i ljudska prava
Jednakost, nediskriminacija i rasizam
Djeca, mladi i starije osobe
Osobe s invaliditetom
Zločin iz mržnje
Rasno i etničko podrijetlo
Vjeroispovijest i uvjerenje
Romi
Spol, spolna orijentacija i rodni identitet
Azil, migracija i granice
Pristup azilu
Granični prijelazi i informacijski sustavi
Zaštita djeteta
Nezakonite migracije, vraćanje i zadržavanje imigranata
Zakonite migracije i integracija
Trgovina ljudima i izrabljivanje radne snage
Zaštita podataka, privatnost i nove tehnologije
Umjetna inteligencija i velika količina podataka
Granični prijelazi i informacijski sustavi
Zaštita podataka
Nezakonito profiliranje
Podrška za sustave i branitelje ljudskih prava
Povelja Europske unije o temeljnim pravima
Međuvladini sustavi za zaštitu ljudskih prava
Nacionalni sustavi i tijela za zaštitu ljudskih prava
Civilno društvo
Povelja EU-a o temeljnim pravima
Što su temeljna prava?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Preambula
Glava I: Dostojanstvo
1 - Ljudsko dostojanstvo
2 - Pravo na život
3 - Pravo na cjelovitost osobe
4 - Zabrana mučenja i neljudskog ili ponižavajućeg postupanja ili kažnjavanja
5 - Zabrana ropstva i prisilnog rada
Glava II: Slobode
6 - Pravo na slobodu i sigurnost
7 - Poštovanje privatnog i obiteljskog života
8 - Zaštita osobnih podataka
9 - Pravo na stupanje u brak i osnivanje obitelji
10 - Sloboda mišljenja, savjesti i vjeroispovijedi
11 - Sloboda izražavanja i informiranja
12 - Sloboda okupljanja i udruživanja
13 - Sloboda umjetnosti i znanosti
14 - Pravo na obrazovanje
15 - Sloboda izbora zanimanja i pravo na rad
16 - Sloboda poduzetništva
17 - Pravo na vlasništvo
18 - Pravo na azil
19 - Zaštita u slučaju udaljavanja, protjerivanja ili izručenja
Glava III: Jednakost
20 - Jednakost pred zakonom
21 - Nediskriminacija
22 - Kulturna, vjerska i jezična raznolikost
23 - Ravnopravnost žena i muškaraca
24 - Prava djeteta
25 - Prava starijih osoba
26 - Integracija osoba s invaliditetom
Glava IV: Solidarnost
27 - Pravo radnika na informiranje i savjetovanje u poduzeću
28 - Pravo na kolektivno pregovaranje i djelovanje
29 - Pravo na pristup službama za posredovanje pri zapošljavanju
30 - Zaštita u slučaju neopravdanoga otkaza
31 - Pošteni i pravični radni uvjeti
32 - Zabrana rada djece i zaštita mladih pri radu
33 - Obiteljski i profesionalni život
34 - Socijalna sigurnost i socijalna pomoć
35 - Zdravstvena zaštita
36 - Pristup službama od općeg gospodarskog interesa
37 - Zaštita okoliša
38 - Zaštita potrošača
Glava V: Prava Građana
39 - Pravo na glasovanje i kandidiranje na izborima za Europski parlament
40 - Pravo na glasovanje i kandidiranje na općinskim izborima
41 - Pravo na dobru upravu
42 - Pravo pristupa dokumentima
43 - Europski ombudsman
44 - Pravo na peticiju
45 - Sloboda kretanja i sloboda prebivanja
46 - Diplomatska i konzularna zaštita
Glava VI: Pravda
47 - Pravo na učinkoviti pravni lijek i na pravično suñenje
48 - Pretpostavka nedužnosti i pravo na obranu
49 - Načela zakonitosti i proporcionalnosti kaznenih djela i kazni
50 - Izbjegavanje dvostrukog suñenja ili kažnjavanja zbog istog kaznenog djela
Glava VII: Opće Odredbe
51 - Područje primjene
52 - Opseg i tumačenje prava i načela
53 - Razina zaštite
54 - Zabrana zlouporabe prava
Tools
EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS
Criminal detention database
Anti-Muslim hatred database
Case-law database
Charterpedia
FRA e-learning platform
Data visualisation
Equality data collection: promising practices
Fighting hate crime: promising practices
Proizvodi
About FRA
Who we are
Structure of FRA
Management Board
Management Board members
Management Board meeting documents
Executive Board
Scientific Committee
Scientific Committee members
Director
Management team
What we do
Research and data
Capacity-building
Advising
Convening people
FRA for children
What are my rights?
Where do my rights come from?
Areas of work
Multi-annual Framework 2007-2022
Work Programme
Archive
Annual Activity report
Archive
Projects
Working at FRA
Vacancies and selections
Previous vacancies
What we offer
Work-life balance
Application instructions
Seconded National Experts
Traineeship
Procurement
Ongoing procedures
Closed procedures
Contracts awarded
Finance and budget
Financial Rules
Financial documents
Pristup dokumentima
Access to documents
Zahtjev za pristup dokumentima
Data protection within FRA
Records registry
Cooperation
Institucije i druga tijela EU-a Agencija
European Parliament
Council of the European Union
European Commission
EU agencies
European Committee of the Regions
European Economic and Social Committee
European Ombudsman
EU CRPD Framework
Promotion
Protection
Monitoring
Review process
Resources
Države članice EU-a
National Liaison Officers
National Parliaments
Vijeće Europe
Civilno društvo i Platforma za temeljna prava
Activities
Civic space
Platform library
How to register
Nacionalne institucije za ljudska prava, tijela za ravnopravnost i institucije pravobranitelja
UN, OESS i druge međunarodne organizacije
EEA and Norway Grants
Newsroom
News
Press releases
Events
Past Events
FRA products 2024
FRA products 2023
FRA products 2022
FRA products 2021
FRA Products 2020
FRA Products 2019
Multimedia
Videos
Infographics
Podcasts
Speeches
Press packs
Fundamental Rights Survey
EU LGBTI survey II
From institutions to community living for persons with disabilities: perspectives from the ground
Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey – Main results
Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS II) Muslims
Together in the EU: Promoting the participation of migrants and their descendants
Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS II) Roma
Severe labour exploitation in the EU
Child-friendly justice – perspectives and experiences of professionals: Press pack
Fundamental rights at EU borders
Violence against women press pack
Jewish people’s experiences and perceptions of hate crime, discrimination and antisemitism
EU LGBT Press pack
Child-friendly justice – perspectives and experiences of children
Newsletter
Log in
Main menu
Work on rights
Work on rights
Pravosuđe, prava žrtava i pravosudna suradnja
Prava žrtava
Prava optuženika
Građansko pravosuđe
Pravosudna suradnja i vladavina prava
Sigurnost
Poslovanje i ljudska prava
Jednakost, nediskriminacija i rasizam
Djeca, mladi i starije osobe
Osobe s invaliditetom
Zločin iz mržnje
Rasno i etničko podrijetlo
Vjeroispovijest i uvjerenje
Romi
Spol, spolna orijentacija i rodni identitet
Azil, migracija i granice
Pristup azilu
Granični prijelazi i informacijski sustavi
Zaštita djeteta
Nezakonite migracije, vraćanje i zadržavanje imigranata
Zakonite migracije i integracija
Trgovina ljudima i izrabljivanje radne snage
Zaštita podataka, privatnost i nove tehnologije
Umjetna inteligencija i velika količina podataka
Granični prijelazi i informacijski sustavi
Zaštita podataka
Nezakonito profiliranje
Podrška za sustave i branitelje ljudskih prava
Povelja Europske unije o temeljnim pravima
Međuvladini sustavi za zaštitu ljudskih prava
Nacionalni sustavi i tijela za zaštitu ljudskih prava
Civilno društvo
Povelja EU-a o temeljnim pravima
Povelja EU-a o temeljnim pravima
Što su temeljna prava?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Preambula
Glava I: Dostojanstvo
1 -
Ljudsko dostojanstvo
2 -
Pravo na život
3 -
Pravo na cjelovitost osobe
4 -
Zabrana mučenja i neljudskog ili ponižavajućeg postupanja ili kažnjavanja
5 -
Zabrana ropstva i prisilnog rada
Glava II: Slobode
6 -
Pravo na slobodu i sigurnost
7 -
Poštovanje privatnog i obiteljskog života
8 -
Zaštita osobnih podataka
9 -
Pravo na stupanje u brak i osnivanje obitelji
10 -
Sloboda mišljenja, savjesti i vjeroispovijedi
11 -
Sloboda izražavanja i informiranja
12 -
Sloboda okupljanja i udruživanja
13 -
Sloboda umjetnosti i znanosti
14 -
Pravo na obrazovanje
15 -
Sloboda izbora zanimanja i pravo na rad
16 -
Sloboda poduzetništva
17 -
Pravo na vlasništvo
18 -
Pravo na azil
19 -
Zaštita u slučaju udaljavanja, protjerivanja ili izručenja
Glava III: Jednakost
20 -
Jednakost pred zakonom
21 -
Nediskriminacija
22 -
Kulturna, vjerska i jezična raznolikost
23 -
Ravnopravnost žena i muškaraca
24 -
Prava djeteta
25 -
Prava starijih osoba
26 -
Integracija osoba s invaliditetom
Glava IV: Solidarnost
27 -
Pravo radnika na informiranje i savjetovanje u poduzeću
28 -
Pravo na kolektivno pregovaranje i djelovanje
29 -
Pravo na pristup službama za posredovanje pri zapošljavanju
30 -
Zaštita u slučaju neopravdanoga otkaza
31 -
Pošteni i pravični radni uvjeti
32 -
Zabrana rada djece i zaštita mladih pri radu
33 -
Obiteljski i profesionalni život
34 -
Socijalna sigurnost i socijalna pomoć
35 -
Zdravstvena zaštita
36 -
Pristup službama od općeg gospodarskog interesa
37 -
Zaštita okoliša
38 -
Zaštita potrošača
Glava V: Prava Građana
39 -
Pravo na glasovanje i kandidiranje na izborima za Europski parlament
40 -
Pravo na glasovanje i kandidiranje na općinskim izborima
41 -
Pravo na dobru upravu
42 -
Pravo pristupa dokumentima
43 -
Europski ombudsman
44 -
Pravo na peticiju
45 -
Sloboda kretanja i sloboda prebivanja
46 -
Diplomatska i konzularna zaštita
Glava VI: Pravda
47 -
Pravo na učinkoviti pravni lijek i na pravično suñenje
48 -
Pretpostavka nedužnosti i pravo na obranu
49 -
Načela zakonitosti i proporcionalnosti kaznenih djela i kazni
50 -
Izbjegavanje dvostrukog suñenja ili kažnjavanja zbog istog kaznenog djela
Glava VII: Opće Odredbe
51 -
Područje primjene
52 -
Opseg i tumačenje prava i načela
53 -
Razina zaštite
54 -
Zabrana zlouporabe prava
Tools
Tools
EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS
Criminal detention database
Anti-Muslim hatred database
Case-law database
Charterpedia
FRA e-learning platform
Data visualisation
Equality data collection: promising practices
Fighting hate crime: promising practices
Proizvodi
Search
×
Search the FRA website
Pretraživanje
Advanced search
You are here
Home
Tools
Case-law database
CJEU - C 343/09 / Opinion of Advocate General
CJEU - C 343/09 / Opinion of Advocate General
The Queen, on the application of Afton Chemical Limited v Secretary of State for Transport
Deciding body type
Court of Justice of the European Union
Deciding body
European Court of Justice
Type
Opinion
Decision date
06/05/2010
Povelja o temeljnim pravima Europske unije
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
Title IV: Solidarity
Article 35 - Health care
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
Title IV: Solidarity
Article 37 - Environmental protection
VIEW FULL CASE
CJEU - C 343/09 / Opinion of Advocate General
Key facts of the case:
This case involved a reference for an interpretation of Community legislation. It concerned the product Methylcyclopentadienyl-manganese-tricarbonyl (‘MMT’) which is a metallic additive added to motor fuel. By Directive 2009/30/EC which amends Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 13 October 1998 regarding the specification of petrol, diesel and gas-oil the European Union introduced strict limits for the use of MMT and labelling requirements for metallic additives. This was in response to fears that they are a danger to human health and the environment. Afton Chemical is the largest producer of MMT and considered the fears to be unfounded. It argued that the Directive breached the precautionary principle, the principle of proportionality and the principle of equality.
Results (sanctions) and key consequences of the case:
Examination of the questions referred has disclosed nothing which could call into question the validity of Article 1(8) of Directive 2009/30/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 amending Directive 98/70/EC as regards the specification of petrol, diesel and gas-oil and introducing a mechanism to monitor and reduce greenhouse gas emissions and amending Council Directive 1999/32/EC as regards the specification of fuel used by inland waterway vessels and repealing Directive 93/12/EEC.
Interpretation of article(s) and implications for the resolution of the case:
The AG confirmed the ECJ’s interpretation of the precautionary principle as “Where it proves impossible to determine with certainty the existence or extent of the risk envisaged because of the insufficiency, inconclusiveness or imprecision of the results of the studies conducted, but the likelihood of real harm to human or animal health or to the environment persists should the risk materialise, the precautionary principle justifies the adoption of restrictive measures.” (para 52) The AG stated that “According to that principle, health and the environment are not protected on the basis of a principle of protection from damage which is bound to occur. Rather, preventive measures may be taken against risks whose extent is disputed. In this way, the legislature can give priority to the objective of protection of health or the environment over restriction of other interests.” (para 94)
The AG also stated that “the precautionary principle applies primarily in connection with the assessment of the principle of proportionality.” (para 54) This latter principle is meaning that “The acts of the bodies of the Union must … not exceed the bounds of what is appropriate and necessary in order to achieve the objectives legitimately pursued by the legislation in question; when there is a choice between several appropriate measures recourse must be had to the least onerous, and the disadvantages caused must not be disproportionate to the aims pursued.” (para 56) The AG confirmed that “It is for the legislature and not for the courts to weigh these considerations against one another. In particular, it can decide to minimise the risks or exclude them altogether through restrictive measures. Otherwise it would have to accept that the risks might materialise and the anticipated damage actually occur. Particularly in the case of precautions against risks to human health, the legislature can generally hardly be accused of taking manifestly disproportionate measures.” (para 95)
The AG went on to say “Account must be taken, in the course of weighing up these interests, of the fact that restrictive precautionary measures are essentially of a provisional nature. They must be cancelled when new findings allay fears in that regard. In that way it is ensured, in accordance with the principle of proportionality, that the restrictions are not applied for any longer than necessary. As the Commission points out, this at the same time creates an incentive, reflecting the ‘polluter pays’ principle, for producers and users of such products to investigate their effects. To the extent that, on the other hand, the legislature must prove risks in order to justify restrictions, there is an opposite incentive for these persons to prevent the scientific investigation of such risks. (para 96) Accordingly, the restrictions are imposed as a prohibition subject to prior authorisation. Article 8a(1) and (3) of Directive 98/70 expressly provides that the risks are to be investigated further and the limits revised by the Commission if necessary. This is expressly mentioned in recital 35. If Afton succeeds in producing relevant scientific information the Commission would be obliged to rethink the rules on MMT.” (para 97)
Paragraphs referring to EU Charter
52, 94, 54, 56, 95, 96, 97