eu-charter

Carta drepturilor fundamentale a Uniunii Europene

Articolul 2 - Dreptul la viață

Articolul 2 - Dreptul la viață

(1) Orice persoană are dreptul la viață.

(2) Nimeni nu poate fi condamnat la pedeapsa cu moartea sau executat..

  • Text:

    1. Alineatul (1) din acest articol se întemeiază pe articolul 2 alineatul (1) prima teză din CEDO, având următorul text:
    `(1) Dreptul la viaţă al oricărei persoane este protejat prin lege…`.
    2. A doua teză din dispoziţia menţionată anterior, privind pedeapsa cu moartea, a devenit caducă în urma intrării în vigoare a Protocolului nr. 6 anexat la CEDO, al cărui prim articol este formulat după cum urmează:
    `Pedeapsa cu moartea este abolită. Nimeni nu poate fi condamnat la o asemenea pedeapsă şi nici executat.`
    Articolul 2 alineatul (2) din cartă a fost redactat pe baza acestei dispoziţii.
    3. Dispoziţiile articolului 2 din cartă corespund dispoziţiilor articolelor din CEDO şi din protocolul adiţional menţionate anterior. Acestea au acelaşi înţeles şi acelaşi domeniu de aplicare, în conformitate cu articolul 52 alineatul (3) din cartă. Astfel, definiţiile `negative` prevăzute în CEDO trebuie considerate ca fiind prevăzute în egală măsură şi în cartă:
    a) articolul 2 alineatul (2) din CEDO:
    `Moartea nu este considerată ca fiind cauzată prin încălcarea acestui articol în cazurile în care aceasta ar rezulta dintr-o recurgere absolut necesară la forţă:
    (a) pentru a asigura apărarea oricărei persoane împotriva violenţei ilegale;
    (b) pentru a efectua o arestare legală sau pentru a împiedica evadarea unei persoane legal deţinute;
    (c) pentru a reprima, conform legii, tulburări violente sau o insurecţie.`
    (b) articolul 2 din Protocolul nr. 6 anexat la CEDO:
    `Un stat poate să prevadă în legislaţia sa pedeapsa cu moartea pentru acte săvârşite în timp de război sau de pericol iminent de război; o asemenea pedeapsă nu va fi aplicată decât în cazurile prevăzute de această legislaţie şi conform dispoziţiilor sale...`

    Source:
    Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
    Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
    Explicaţiile redate în continuare au fost redactate iniţial sub autoritatea prezidiului Convenţiei care a elaborat Carta drepturilor fundamentale a Uniunii Europene. Acestea au fost actualizate sub autoritatea prezidiului Convenţiei Europene, având în vedere adaptarea de către respectiva Convenţie a textului cartei (în special la articolele 51 şi 52), precum şi evoluţia dreptului Uniunii. Cu toate că aceste explicaţii nu au valoare juridică în sine, acestea constituie un preţios instrument de interpretare destinat clarificării dispoziţiilor cartei.

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