Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’Unione europea

Artikel 20 (3) Alle mit Aufgaben der Bundes-, Landes- und Gemeindeverwaltung betrauten Organe sowie die Organe anderer Körperschaften des öffentlichen Rechts sind, soweit gesetzlich nicht anderes bestimmt ist, zur Verschwiegenheit über alle ihnen ausschließlich aus ihrer amtlichen Tätigkeit bekannt gewordenen Tatsachen verpflichtet, deren Geheimhaltung im Interesse der Aufrechterhaltung der öffentlichen Ruhe, Ordnung und Sicherheit, der umfassenden Landesverteidigung, der auswärtigen Beziehungen, im wirtschaftlichen Interesse einer Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts, zur Vorbereitung einer Entscheidung oder im überwiegenden Interesse der Parteien geboten ist (Amtsverschwiegenheit). Die Amtsverschwiegenheit besteht für die von einem allgemeinen Vertretungskörper bestellten Funktionäre nicht gegenüber diesem Vertretungskörper, wenn er derartige Auskünfte ausdrücklich verlangt. Artikel 52a(2) Die ständigen Unterausschüsse sind befugt, von den zuständigen Bundesministern alle einschlägigen Auskünfte und Einsicht in die einschlägigen Unterlagen zu verlangen. Dies gilt nicht für Auskünfte und Unterlagen, insbesondere über Quellen, deren Bekanntwerden die nationale Sicherheit oder die Sicherheit von Menschen gefährden würde. Artikel 148b(1) Alle Organe des Bundes, der Länder, der Gemeinden und der Gemeindeverbände sowie der sonstigen Selbstverwaltungskörper haben die Volksanwaltschaft bei der Besorgung ihrer Aufgaben zu unterstützen, ihr Akteneinsicht zu gewähren und auf Verlangen die erforderlichen Auskünfte zu erteilen. Amtsverschwiegenheit besteht nicht gegenüber der Volksanwaltschaft.

Section 12 Freedom of expression and the right of access to information (...) Documents and recordings in the possession of the authorities are public, unless their publication has for compelling reasons been specifically restricted by an Act. Everyone has the right of access to public documents and recordings. Section 47 Parliamentary right to receive information The Parliament has the right to receive from the Government the information it needs in the consideration of matters. The appropriate Minister shall ensure that Committees and other parliamentary organs receive without delay the necessary documents and other information in the possession of the authorities. (...) A Representative has the right to information which is in the possession of authorities and which is necessary for the performance of the duties of the Representative, in so far as the information is not secret or it does not pertain to a State budget proposal under preparation. In addition, the right of the Parliament to information on international affairs is governed by the provisions included elsewhere in this Constitution.

Article 15 The President of the Republic shall be commander-in-chief of the armed forces. He shall preside over the higher national defence councils and committees.

Article 5A (2) All persons have the right to participate in the Information Society. Facilitation of access to electronically transmitted information, as well as of the production, exchange and diffusion thereof, constitutes an obligation of the State, always in observance of the guarantees of articles 9, 9A and 19 [...] Article 10 (3) The competent service or authority is obliged to reply to requests for the provision of information and for the supply of documents, especially certificates, supporting documents and attestations, within a set deadline not exceeding 60 days, as specified by law. In case this deadline elapses without action or in case of unlawful refusal, in addition to any other sanctions and consequences at law, special monetary compensation is also paid to the applicant, as specified by law. [...]

Article 10(...) 3. The competent service or authority is obliged to reply to requests for information and for issuing gocuments, especially certificates, supporting documents and attestations within a set deadline not exceeding 60 days, as specified by law. In case this deadline elapses without action or in case of unlawful refusal, in addition to any other sanctions and consequences at law, special compensation is also paid to the applicant, as specified by law.

Article 20 (3) All functionaries entrusted with federal, provinces and municipal administrative duties as well as the functionaries of other public law corporate bodies are, save as otherwise provided by law, pledged to confidentiality about all facts of which they have obtained knowledge exclusively from their official activity and which have to be kept confidential in the interest of the maintenance of public peace, order and security, of comprehensive national defence, of external relations, in the interest of a public law corporate body, for the preparation of a ruling or in the preponderant interest of the parties involved (official confidentiality). Official secrecy does not exist for functionaries appointed by a popular representative body if it expressly demands such information. Article 52a(2) The standing sub-committees are empowered to require from the competent Federal Ministers all relevant information and insight into the relevant materials. This does not apply to information and material, in particular about sources, whose disclosure would endanger national security or the safety its members likewise in respect of enterprises of individuals. Article 148b(1) All Federal, Laender, and municipal authorities shall support the ombudsman board in the performance of its tasks, allow it inspection of its records, and upon request furnish the information required. Official secrecy is inoperative in the case of the ombudsman board.

Article 38
(4) The right to access to information held by any public authority shall be guaranteed.
Restrictions on the right to access to information must be proportionate to the nature of the need for such restriction in each individual case and necessary in a free and democratic society, as stipulated by law.

Article 44. Everyone is entitled to free access to information disseminated for public use.
Pursuant to a procedure provided by law, all government agencies, local authorities, and their officials have a duty to provide information about their activities to any citizen of Estonia at his or her request, except for information whose disclosure is prohibited by law and information intended exclusively for internal use.
Pursuant to a procedure provided by law, any citizen of Estonia is entitled to access information about himself or herself held by government agencies and local authorities and in government and local authority archives. This right may be circumscribed pursuant to law to protect the rights and freedoms of others, to protect the confidentiality of a child’s filiation, and in the interests of preventing a criminal offence, apprehending the offender, or of ascertaining the truth in a criminal case.
Unless otherwise provided by law, citizens of foreign states and stateless persons in Estonia enjoy the rights specified in paragraphs two and three of this section equally with citizens of Estonia.
Article 51. Everyone has the right to address government agencies, local authorities, and their officials in Estonian and to receive responses in Estonian.
In localities where at least one half of the permanent residents belong to a national minority, everyone has the right to receive responses from government agencies, local authorities and their officials also in the language of the national minority.

Article 61.1. A citizen shall have the right to obtain information on the activities of organs of public authority as well as persons discharging public functions. Such right shall also include receipt of information on the activities of self-governing economic or professional organs and other persons or organizational units relating to the field in which they perform the duties of public authorities and manage communal assets or property of the State Treasury. 2. The right to obtain information shall ensure access to documents and entry to sittings of collective organs of public authority formed by universal elections, with the opportunity to make sound and visual recordings.3. Limitations upon the rights referred to in paras. 1 and 2 above, may be imposed by statute solely to protect freedoms and rights of other persons and economic subjects, public order, security or important economic interests of the State.4. The procedure for the provision of information, referred to in paras. 1 and 2 above shall be specified by statute, and regarding the Sejm and the Senate by their rules of procedure.

 Art. 32. Ieder heeft het recht elk bestuursdocument te raadplegen en er een afschrift van te krijgen, behoudens in de gevallen en onder de voorwaarden bepaald door de wet, het decreet of de regel bedoeld in artikel 134.

Art. 61. 1. Obywatel ma prawo do uzyskiwania informacji o działalności organów władzy publicznej oraz osób pełniących funkcje publiczne. Prawo to obejmuje również uzyskiwanie informacji o działalności organów samorządu gospodarczego i zawodowego a także innych osób oraz jednostek organizacyjnych w zakresie, w jakim wykonują one zadania władzy publicznej i gospodarują mieniem komunalnym lub majątkiem Skarbu Państwa. 2. Prawo do uzyskiwania informacji obejmuje dostęp do dokumentów oraz wstęp na posiedzenia kolegialnych organów władzy publicznej pochodzących z powszechnych wyborów, z możliwością rejestracji dźwięku lub obrazu. 3. Ograniczenie prawa, o którym mowa w ust. 1 i 2, może nastąpić wyłącznie ze względu na określone w ustawach ochronę wolności i praw innych osób i podmiotów gospodarczych oraz ochronę porządku publicznego, bezpieczeństwa lub ważnego interesu gospodarczego państwa. 4. Tryb udzielania informacji, o których mowa w ust. 1 i 2, określają ustawy, a w odniesieniu do Sejmu i Senatu ich regulaminy.

Art. 32. Chacun a le droit de consulter chaque document administratif et de s'en faire remettre copie, sauf dans les cas et conditions fixés par la loi, le décret ou la règle visée à l'article 134.

VI. cikk (SZABADSÁG ÉS FELELŐSSÉG) […] (2) Mindenkinek joga van személyes adatai védelméhez, valamint a közérdekű adatok megismeréséhez és terjesztéséhez.

(3) A személyes adatok védelméhez és a közérdekű adatok megismeréséhez való jog érvényesülését sarkalatos törvénnyel létrehozott, független hatóság ellenőrzi.

Article 68 Ministers and State Secretaries shall provide, orally or in writing, the Houses either separately or in joint session with any information requested by one or more members, provided that the provision of such information does not conflict with the interests of the State.

Article 110 In the exercise of their duties government bodies shall observe the right of public access to information in accordance with rules to be prescribed by Act of Parliament.

Article 35 (Use of information technology) (1) Every citizen has the right of access to all computerised data that concern him, which he may require to be corrected and updated, and the right to be informed of the purpose for which they are intended, as laid down by law.
...
Article 48 (participation in public life) (2) Every citizen has the right to objective information about the activities of the State and other public bodies and to be informed by the Government and other authorities about the management of public affairs.
...
Article 268 (Citizens’ rights and guarantees) (1) Citizens have the right to be informed by the Administration, whenever they so request, as to the progress of the procedures and cases in which they are directly interested, together with the right to be made aware of the definitive decisions that are taken in relation to them. (2) Without prejudice to the law governing matters concerning internal and external security, criminal investigation and personal privacy, citizens also have the right of access to administrative files and records.

Article 26 (1) The freedom of speech and the right to information are guaranteed. (...) (4) The freedom of speech and the right to seek out and disseminate information may be restricted by law, if such a measure is necessary in a democratic society to protect the rights and freedoms of others, the State security, public order, or public health and morals. (5) Public authority bodies are obliged to provide information on their activities in an appropriate manner and in the state language. The conditions and the manner of execution shall be laid down by law.

Article 39 (Freedom of Expression) Freedom of expression of thought, freedom of speech and public appearance, freedom of the press, and other forms of public communication and expression shall be guaranteed. Everyone may freely collect, receive, and disseminate information and opinions. Except in such cases as are provided by law, everyone has the right to obtain information of a public nature in which he has a well founded legal interest under law.

12 § Sananvapaus ja julkisuus (...) Viranomaisen hallussa olevat asiakirjat ja muut tallenteet ovat julkisia, jollei niiden julkisuutta ole välttämättömien syiden vuoksi lailla erikseen rajoitettu. Jokaisella on oikeus saada tieto julkisesta asiakirjasta ja tallenteesta. 47 § Eduskunnan tietojensaantioikeus Eduskunnalla on oikeus saada valtioneuvostolta asioiden käsittelyssä tarvitsemansa tiedot. Asianomaisen ministerin tulee huolehtia siitä, että valiokunta tai muu eduskunnan toimielin saa viipymättä tarvitsemansa viranomaisen hallussa olevat asiakirjat ja muut tiedot. (...) Kansanedustajalla on oikeus saada viranomaiselta tämän hallussa olevia edustajantoimen hoitamiseksi tarpeellisia tietoja, jotka eivät ole salassa pidettäviä eivätkä koske valmisteilla olevaa valtion talousarvioesitystä. Eduskunnan oikeudesta saada tietoja kansainvälisissä asioissa on lisäksi voimassa, mitä siitä muualla tässä perustuslaissa säädetään.

Article 32. Everyone has the right to consult any administrative document and to obtain a
copy, except in the cases and conditions stipulated by the laws, federate laws or rules
referred to in Article 134.

Chapter 1 - On the freedom of press: Article 1 The freedom of the press is understood to mean the right of every Swedish citizen to publish written matter, without prior hindrance by a public authority or other public body, and not to be prosecuted thereafter on grounds of its content other than before a lawful court, or punished therefore other than because the content contravenes an express provision of law, enacted to preserve public order without suppressing information to the public. In accordance with the principles set out in paragraph one concerning freedom of the press for all, and to secure the free exchange of opinion and availability of comprehensive information, every Swedish citizen shall be free, subject to the rules contained in this Act for the protection of private rights and public safety, to express his or her thoughts and opinions in print, to publish official documents and to communicate information and intelligence on any subject whatsoever. All persons shall likewise be free, unless otherwise provided in this Act, to communicate information and intelligence on any subject whatsoever, for the purpose of publication in print, to an author or other person who may be deemed to be the originator of material contained in such printed matter, the editor or special editorial office, if any, of the printed matter, or an enterprise which professionally provides news or other information to periodical publications. All persons shall furthermore have the right, unless otherwise provided in this Act, to procure
information and intelligence on any subject whatsoever, for the purpose of publication in print, or in order to communicate information under the preceding paragraph.