Als een zeer actuele mensenrechtencatalogus die vele rechten omvat die in erkende
grondrechtenverklaringen niet terug te vinden zijn, ziet het Handvest er op papier zeer
goed uit. Wie vertrouwd is met de belangrijkste beginselen van EU-recht, kan doorgaans
snel vertellen dat het Handvest altijd bindend is voor de EU, en voor de lidstaten
enkel bindend is “wanneer zij het recht van de Unie ten uitvoer brengen”. Maar wat
betekent deze vaak genoemde formulering uit artikel 51 van het Handvest precies?
Jako bardzo nowoczesny katalog praw człowieka, zawierający wiele praw, których
nie ma w ustanowionych już kartach praw, Karta rzeczywiście wygląda imponująco
na papierze. Ci, którym znane są główne zasady prawa UE, zwykle bez problemu są
w stanie wyrecytować, że Karta jest zawsze wiążąca dla UE, a dla państw członkowskich
wyłącznie w zakresie, w jakim „stosują one prawo Unii”. Ale co tak naprawdę
oznacza ten często cytowany fragment z art. 51 Karty?
Sendo um catálogo muito moderno de direitos humanos, a Carta consagra muitos direitos que não constam de declarações de direitos mais antigas e, de facto, é, em teoria, um instrumento louvável. Aqueles que estão familiarizados com os princípios fundamentais do direito da UE, em regra, conseguem evocar rapidamente a máxima de que a Carta é sempre vinculativa para a UE e que é vinculativa para os Estados--Membros apenas quando estes «apliquem o direito da União». Mas o que significa ao certo esta expressão frequentemente citada do artigo 51.º da Carta?
Fiind un catalog foarte modern al drepturilor omului, carta conţine multe drepturi care
nu se regăsesc în legile consacrate drepturilor omului, iar lectura sa face într‑adevăr
o impresie bună. Persoanele care cunosc principiile esenţiale ale dreptului UE pot
declama de obicei rapid că carta este întotdeauna obligatorie pentru UE, iar pentru statele
membre numai atunci când acestea „pun în aplicare dreptul UE”. Dar ce înseamnă
de fapt această expresie adesea citată de la articolul 51 din cartă?
Možno o nej povedať, že je to veľmi progresívny súbor ľudských práv zahŕňajúci množstvo práv, ktoré v iných zaužívaných listinách základných práv a slobôd chýbajú, a na papieri vyzerá skutočne dobre. Kto pozná základné zásady práva EÚ, dokáže väčšinou hneď vysypať z rukáva, že charta je vždy záväzná pre EÚ a pre členské štáty je záväzná výlučne vtedy, ak „vykonávajú právo EÚ“. Čo však tieto slová z článku 51 charty, ktoré tak často citujeme, reálne znamenajú?
Kot zelo sodoben katalog človekovih pravic, ki vsebuje veliko pravic, ki jih ni mogoče najti v veljavnih listinah o pravicah, je Listina na papirju resnično videti dobro. Tisti, ki poznajo glavna načela prava EU, lahko običajno hitro navedejo, da je Listina vedno zavezujoča za EU, za države članice pa samo, ko „izvajajo pravo Unije“. Ampak kaj ta pogosto citirana določba iz člena 51 Listine dejansko pomeni?
Stadgan är en mycket modern katalog över mänskliga rättigheter. Den innehåller
många rättigheter som inte finns i andra etablerade förteckningar av det här slaget och ger ett gediget intryck. De som är bekanta med de viktigaste principerna
i EU-rätten kan vanligtvis snabbt redogöra för att stadgan alltid är bindande för EU
och endast bindande för medlemsstaterna när de ”tillämpar unionsrätten”. Men vad
betyder detta ofta citerade uttryck från artikel 51 i stadgan?
Като един съвременен каталог на правата на човека, Хартата съдържа много
права, които не присъстват в установените харти на правата, и действително
изглежда добре на хартия. Хората, запознати с основните принципи на правото
на Съюза, обикновено цитират текста от Хартата, който гласи, че тя винаги
е обвързваща за ЕС, а за държавите членки — само когато „прилагат право на ЕС“.
Какво обаче означава тази често цитирана формулировка от член 51 на Хартата?
Jako velmi moderní soubor lidských práv obsahující mnoho práv, která se nenacházejí
v zavedených listinách práv, je Listina základních práv skutečně kvalitním
dokumentem. Ti, kteří jsou obeznámeni s hlavními zásadami práva EU, jsou obvykle
schopni rychle odrecitovat, že listina je pro EU závazná vždy a pro členské státy jen
výhradně, pokud „uplatňují právo Unie“. Co však toto často citované znění článku 51
listiny vlastně znamená?
Som et meget moderne menneskerettighedskatalog med en masse rettigheder, som
ikke findes i gældende borgerrettighedslovgivning, ser chartret særdeles godt ud
på papiret. De, der er bekendt med de vigtigste principper i EU-retten, kan normalt
hurtigt udtale sig om, at chartret altid er bindende for EU, og for medlemsstaterne
kun når de »gennemfører EU-retten«. Men hvad betyder denne ofte citerede vending
fra chartrets artikel 51 egentlig?
As a very modern human rights catalogue containing many rights not found in established bills of rights, the Charter indeed looks good on paper. Those familiar with the
main principles of EU law can usually quickly recite that the Charter is always binding
on the EU, and binding on Member States only when they are “implementing EU law”.
But what does this often-quoted language from Article 51 of the Charter actually mean?
This set of variables maps the various patterns concerning age requirements for children to acquire rights across the EU. This data is correct up to 20 November 2017. No updates to reflect new or amended legislation have been made since this date.
Almost 25 million children under 18 are at risk of poverty or social exclusion in the EU. Poverty deprives children of educational
opportunities, childcare, access to health care, adequate food and housing, family support and even protection from violence.
This report outlines data and survey findings that highlight the magnitude of child poverty in the EU, but also presents tools
available to counter this phenomenon and keep track of progress made.
This note draws attention to the recent trend of criminalising search and rescue operations (SAR) in the Mediterranean Sea carried out by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) or other private entities. This includes seizing rescue vessels, as well as arrests for crew members, in some EU Member States. Most of such incidents concerned NGOs operating in the Central Mediterranean Sea.
The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights has been collecting relevant data since September 2015, in light of the increasing numbers of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants entering the EU. This report focuses on the fundamental rights situation of people arriving in Member States particularly affected by large migration movements. The countries covered are: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and Sweden.
With enormous volumes of data generated every day, more and more decisions are based on data analysis and algorithms. This can bring welcome benefits, such as consistency and objectivity, but algorithms also entail great risks. A FRA focus paper looks at how the use of automation in decision making can result in, or exacerbate, discrimination.
In November 2017, the European Commission requested FRA’s support in evaluating the impact on fundamental rights of the European Border Surveillance System (Eurosur) Regulation. Further to this request, FRA reviewed the work of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) and analysed cooperation agreements concluded by EU Member States with third countries which are relevant for the exchange of information for the purposes of Eurosur. This report presents the main findings of such review.
The founding treaties, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and secondary EU law all provide for EU citizens’ freedom to move and reside freely in any EU country of their choice. Growing numbers of citizens, and their family members, are making use of this freedom and related rights, such as the right not to be discriminated against based on nationality and the right to vote in certain elections in the host Member State. But making these rights a reality remains a challenge. This report presents an EU-wide, comparative overview of the application of the Free Movement Directive (2004/38/EC) across the 28 Member States based on a review of select case law at national level.
The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights has been collecting relevant data since September 2015, in light of the increasing numbers of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants entering the EU. This report focuses on the fundamental rights situation of people arriving in Member States particularly affected by large migration movements. The countries covered are: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and Sweden.
Across the European Union, Member States are faced with the challenge of integrating Europe’s most deprived
and disenfranchised minority groups. As a follow up to the EU-MIDIS II findings on Roma, this report presents
FRA’s findings relating to the issues of education and employment. Encouraging Roma participation in education
and employment equips communities with higher incomes, better life opportunities and greater social inclusion.