Het Europese non-discriminatierecht, dat met name wordt gevormd door de EU-richtlijnen inzake non-discriminatie en door artikel 14 van en protocol 12 bij het Europese Verdrag tot bescherming van de rechten van de mens, verbiedt discriminatie op basis van diverse contexten en gronden. Dit handboek onderzoekt het Europees non-discriminatierecht dat voortvloeit uit deze twee complementaire bronnen, en maakt daarbij geen onderscheid tussen beide, tenzij daar waar ze van elkaar afwijken.

A legislação europeia antidiscriminação, constituída, em particular, pelas diretivas da UE em matéria
de não discriminação, pelo artigo 14.o da Convenção Europeia dos Direitos do Homem e pelo
Protocolo n.o 12 a esta convenção, proíbe a discriminação em diversos contextos e com base em
diversos motivos. O presente manual examina a legislação europeia neste domínio, tal como
decorre dessas duas fontes, remetendo indiferenciadamente para um ou outro destes sistemas
jurídicos complementares nas situações em que os mesmos se sobrepõem, ou assinalando as
diferenças onde estas existem.

Európske antidiskriminačné právo ustanovené antidiskriminačnými smernicami EÚ, ako aj článkom
14 Európskeho dohovoru Rady Európy o ochrane ľudských práv a základných slobôd a jeho protokolu
č. 12 zakazuje diskrimináciu v celom rade súvislostí a na základe rozmanitých dôvodov. V tejto
príručke sa skúma európske antidiskriminačné právo prameniace z týchto dvoch zdrojov ako
komplementárnych systémov, pričom sa z nich striedavo vychádza v rozsahu, v akom sa prekrývajú,
a zdôrazňujú sa prípadné rozdiely.

Evropsko protidiskriminacijsko pravo, kot ga določajo zlasti protidiskriminacijske direktive Evropske
unije, člen 14 Evropske konvencije o človekovih pravicah in 12. Protokol k tej konvenciji, prepoveduje
diskriminacijo na različnih področjih in zaradi različnih razlogov. Ta priročnik pojasnjuje evropsko
protidiskriminacijsko pravo, kot izhaja iz navedenih dveh komplementarnih sistemov. Izmenjuje
navaja področja, kjer se ureditvi vsebinsko prekrivata, in izpostavlja razlike med njima.

Den europeiska icke-diskrimineringslagstiftningen, som i huvudsak består av EU:s ickediskrimineringsdirektiv och artikel 14 i och protokoll nr 12 till Europakonventionen om de mänskliga rättigheterna, förbjuder diskriminering på en rad olika grunder och i olika sammanhang. Den här handboken innehåller en genomgång av den europeiska icke-diskrimineringslagstiftning som härrör från dessa två källor. De ses som två kompletterande system som delvis överlappar varandra. I de fall de skiljer sig åt påpekas detta.

Vormünder sind zentral in einem System zum Schutz von Kindern, die vorübergehend oder dauerhaft aus ihrem familiären Umfeld herausgelöst wurden und deren Interessen nicht von ihren Eltern vertreten werden können. Zwischen den Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union (EU) und auch innerhalb der Mitgliedstaaten gibt es große Unterschiede in den Arten von Vormundschaft. Dieser Bericht untersucht die wesentlichen Merkmale von Vormundschaftssystemen, die den Bedürfnissen schutzbedürftiger Kinder gerecht werden sollen. Dies schließt Kinder ein, die Opfer von Menschenhandel und anderen Formen der Ausbeutung sind, und Kinder, die Gefahr laufen, Opfer von Menschenhandel oder anderen Formen der Ausbeutung zu werden.

Guardians are a key element of a protection system for children who are temporarily or
permanently deprived of their family environment and cannot have their interests represented
by their parents. Great disparities exist between the types of guardianship provided
to children in and within European Union (EU) Member States. This report explores the key
features of guardianship systems put in place to cater for the needs of all children in need
of protection, including child victims and those at risk of becoming victims of trafficking in
human beings or of other forms of exploitation.

Les tuteurs sont une composante essentielle d’un système de protection des enfants qui sont, de façon temporaire ou permanente, privés de leur milieu familial et qui ne peuvent pas faire représenter leurs intérêts par leurs parents. De fortes disparités existent entre les types de tutelle dont les enfants bénéficient, tant entre les États membres de l’Union européenne qu’au sein même de ces pays. Ce rapport explore les principales caractéristiques des régimes de tutelle mis en place pour satisfaire aux besoins de tous les enfants qui nécessitent une protection, notamment les enfants victimes de la traite des personnes, ou d’autres formes d’exploitation, ainsi que ceux qui sont exposés au risque de le devenir.

Inside this book you will read about the justice system and the problems in justice for children and how to fix the problems.

In this book you will read about laws against hurting women, what is wrong and what to do about it.

Seventeen years after adoption of EU laws that forbid discrimination, immigrants, descendants of immigrants, and minority ethnic groups continue to face widespread discrimination across the EU and in all areas of life – most often when seeking employment. For many, discrimination is a recurring experience. This is just one of the findings of FRA’s second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS II), which collected information from over 25,500 respondents with different ethnic minority and immigrant backgrounds across all 28 EU Member States.

Women and girls in the European Union (EU) experience persistent gender discrimination and gender-based violence, as evidence collected by FRA confirms. This severely limits the ability of women and girls to enjoy their rights and to participate on an equal footing in society. This FRA contribution to the third Annual Colloquium on Fundamental Rights ‘Women's rights in turbulent times’ looks at core human rights commitments. It balances these against selected evidence on gender discrimination, sexist hate speech and gender-based violence against women and girls in the EU.

Muslims living in the EU face discrimination in a broad range of settings – and particularly when looking for work, on the job, and when trying to access public or private services. The report examines how characteristics – such as an individual's first and last name, skin colour and the wearing of visible religious symbols like a headscarf, for example – may trigger discriminatory treatment and harassment.