This position paper examines how the EU can counter the instrumentalisation of migrants while also upholding fundamental rights. Instrumentalisation refers to countries outside the EU using migration to exert political pressure. This position paper defines the phenomenon, provides examples, and outlines legal obligations under EU law. It provides legal analysis and warns that some responses risk undermining fundamental rights at the EU’s external borders, including the right to asylum. To counter instrumentalisation and uphold fundamental rights, the position paper proposes practical measures for Member States to take, such as sanctions, border controls, and cooperation with private operators.
This tool introduces newly appointed guardians to the concept of international protection, possible forms of protection recognised through the asylum procedure, the relevant legal framework and the related rights of the child. It is part of a series of four practical tools for guardians of unaccompanied children with international protection needs. The objective is to support guardians in their daily tasks and responsibilities during the asylum procedure, including the procedure under the Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III regulation) and temporary protection. The tools have been developed by the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) and the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA).
This booklet aims to support guardians assigned to children in the asylum procedure. It includes an overview of the asylum procedure with a specific focus on children, the guarantees in the asylum procedure and your role as a guardian in the different phases of the asylum process. There is also a section on what to do if something unexpected may happen, or if the age of the applicant is disputed. It is part of a series of four practical tools for guardians of unaccompanied children with international protection needs. The objective is to support guardians in their daily tasks and responsibilities during the asylum procedure, including the procedure under the Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 (Dublin III regulation) and temporary protection. The tools have been developed by the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) and the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA).
Since October 2018, FRA has been publishing regular updates on NGO ships involved in search and rescue (SAR) operations in the Mediterranean, and the status of legal proceedings against them. This latest update covers until the end of June 2023.
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine posed new challenges for the EU. Millions were forced to flee the war. As a result of the scale of people’s displacement, the EU activated for the first time the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD). More than 1.3 million children sought international protection in the EU. This bulletin explores the respect, protection and fulfilment of the fundamental rights of displaced children and ways to safeguard their rights. The third in a series, this bulletin builds on the evidence in FRA’s Bulletin #1 and #2 on the experiences of displaced people seeking safety in the EU.
Over the span of nearly eight years, there have been developments in showing respect for the human rights of those who arrive at the EU’s borders. Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has shown how a large and sudden influx of people can be managed effectively and respectfully. Notwithstanding the improvements, the growing number of people crossing or attempting to enter the EU pose a wide range of fundamental rights challenges.
In this bulletin, FRA takes stock of concerns and improvements regarding the fundamental rights of migrants, asylum seekers and refugees. It highlights the EU Member States’ legal and practical responses. It identifies key trends, promising practices, long-standing and emerging patterns, and persistent concerns.
Военная агрессия России против Украины вызвала сцены, которые не наблюдались в Европе десятилетиями. С тех пор она привела к гибели людей, огромным разрушениям и невыразимым страданиям. Она также послужила началом массового перемещения людей, не виданного со времен Второй мировой войны. Для их защиты Евросоюз впервые ввел в действие Директиву о временной защите. В этом случае все государства–члены ЕС должны предоставить защиту лицам, перемещенным из Украины.
Vojenská agresia Ruska voči Ukrajine vyvolala situácie, ktoré Európa celé desaťročia nezažila. Odvtedy prináša smrť, spôsobuje rozsiahle ničenie a neopísateľné utrpenie. Vyvolala aj masový pohyb ľudí, ktorý od druhej svetovej vojny nemá obdobu. V záujme ich ochrany EÚ prvýkrát aktivovala smernicu o dočasnej ochrane. Všetky členské štáty EÚ sú teda povinné poskytnúť ochranu osobám vysídleným z Ukrajiny.
Військова агресія Росії проти України призвела до подій, яких не бачили у Європі протягом десятиліть. Відтоді вона спричиняє смерть, величезні руйнування і невимовні страждання. Вона також призвела до масового переміщення людей, якого не траплялося з часів Другої світової війни. Щоб захистити їх, ЄС вперше активував Директиву про тимчасовий захист. Згідно з нею держави-члени ЄС повинні запропонувати переміщеним з України особам.
Военната агресия на Русия срещу Украйна доведе до сцени, на които Европа не беше ставала свидетел от десетилетия. Оттогава причинява смърт, огромни разрушения и неописуеми страдания. Тя предизвика и масово движение на хора, невиждано от Втората световна война насам. За да ги защити, ЕС за първи път задейства Директивата за временна закрила. По този начин всички държави — членки на ЕС, трябва да предложат закрила на разселените лица от Украйна.
Vojenská agrese Ruska vůči Ukrajině vyvolala scény, které Evropa neviděla po desetiletí. Od té doby přináší smrt, rozsáhlé ničení a nepopsatelné utrpení. V jejím důsledku se rovněž daly do pohybu obrovské masy lidí, největší od druhé světové války. S cílem ochránit tyto uprchlíky EU poprvé aktivovala směrnici o dočasné ochraně. Všechny členské státy EU jsou tudíž povinny poskytnout osobám vysídleným z Ukrajiny ochranu.
Die militärische Aggression Russlands gegen die Ukraine löste Situationen aus, die in Europa seit Jahrzehnten nicht mehr beobachtet wurden. Die Folgen sind zahlreiche Todesopfer, enorme Zerstörung und unsagbares Leid. Zudem wurde eine Massenbewegung von Menschen in Gang gesetzt, wie es sie seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg nicht mehr gab. Um die Vertriebenen zu schützen, hat die EU erstmalig die Richtlinie über vorübergehenden Schutz aktiviert. Demnach müssen alle EU-Mitgliedstaaten den aus der Ukraine vertriebenen Personen Schutz bieten.
Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine triggered scenes not seen in Europe for decades. It has since caused death, immense destruction, and unspeakable suffering. It also set in motion a mass movement of people not seen since World War II. To protect them, the EU activated the Temporary Protection Directive for the first time. In doing so, all EU Member States must offer protection to those displaced from Ukraine.
La agresión militar de Rusia contra Ucrania provocó escenas que no se vivían en Europa desde hacía décadas. El conflicto ha causado desde entonces muertes, inmensa destrucción y un sufrimiento indecible. También implicó desplazamientos masivos de población a una escala como no se conocía desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
Venemaa sõjaline agressioon Ukrainasse on põhjustanud olukorra, mida ei ole Euroopas aastakümneid esinenud. See on põhjustanud surma, tohutut hävingut ja kirjeldamatuid kannatusi. See käivitas ka inimeste massilise rände, mille sarnast ei ole toimunud teisest maailmasõjast saadik. Põgenike kaitseks aktiveeris EL esmakordselt ajutise kaitse direktiivi. See kohustas kõiki ELi liikmesriike pakkuma Ukraina põgenikele aruandes.
Oroszország Ukrajnával szembeni katonai agressziója Európában évtizedek óta nem látott helyzeteket váltott ki. Halált, hatalmas pusztítást és elmondhatatlan szenvedést okoz. Emellett a II. világháború óta nem látott mértékű tömeges elvándorlást indított el. A lakóhelyüket elhagyni kényszerült személyek védelme érdekében az EU első alkalommal aktiválta az átmeneti védelemről szóló irányelvet. Ezzel összhangban valamennyi uniós tagállam köteles védelmet biztosítani az Ukrajnából menekülőknek.
L’aggressione militare della Russia contro l’Ucraina ha scatenato scenari che l’Europa non viveva da decenni. Da allora ha causato morte, distruzioni massicce e indicibili sofferenze. Ha inoltre innescato spostamenti di massa di persone che non si vedevano dalla seconda guerra mondiale. Per tutelare i profughi, l’UE ha attivato per la prima volta la direttiva sulla protezione temporanea. In tal modo, tutti gli Stati membri dell’UE devono offrire protezione agli sfollati in fuga dall’Ucraina.
Rosyjska napaść zbrojna na Ukrainę była początkiem scen niespotykanych w Europie od dziesięcioleci. Spowodowała śmierć, ogromne zniszczenia i niedające się opisać cierpienie. Wywołała również masowy przepływ ludzi, jakiego nie widziano od czasów drugiej wojny światowej. Aby ich chronić, UE uruchomiła unijną dyrektywę w sprawie tymczasowej ochrony. Tym samym wszystkie państwa członkowskie UE są zobowiązane do zapewnienia ochrony osobom przesiedlonym z Ukrainy.
Agresiunea militară a Rusiei împotriva Ucrainei a declanșat scene nemaivăzute în Europa de zeci de ani. De atunci a cauzat moarte, distrugeri masive și suferințe de nedescris. De asemenea, a declanșat o mișcare în masă de oameni, nemaiîntâlnită de la Al Doilea Război Mondial. Pentru a-i proteja, UE a activat pentru prima dată Directiva privind protecția temporară. Procedând astfel, toate statele membre ale UE sunt obligate să ofere protecție persoanelor strămutate din Ucraina.
The Russian invasion of Ukraine triggered solidarity from EU governments, local authorities and society as they welcomed more than 7 million people fleeing the aggression. The European Union’s rapid response, activating the EU Temporary Protection Directive, offered welcome relief and much-needed support to those in need. It allowed displaced persons the opportunity to quickly settle and to work, travel and access services across the EU. But other pressing human rights issues have come to the fore and remain high on the EU’s agenda, such as human trafficking, sexual and gender-based violence, hate crime and hate-fuelled disinformation.