eu-charter

Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea

Artículo 6 - Derecho a la libertad y a la seguridad

Artículo 6 - Derecho a la libertad y a la seguridad

Toda persona tiene derecho a la libertad y a la seguridad.

Explicaciones

  • Text:

    Los derechos establecidos en el artículo 6 corresponden a los garantizados en el artículo 5 del CEDH, y tienen, con arreglo al apartado 3 del artículo 52 de la Carta, el mismo sentido y alcance. Como consecuencia de ello, las limitaciones que puedan legítimamente establecerse no podrán sobrepasar las permitidas por el CEDH en la propia redacción del artículo 5:
    `1. Toda persona tiene derecho a la libertad y a la seguridad. Nadie puede ser privado de su libertad, salvo en los casos siguientes y con arreglo al procedimiento establecido por la Ley:
    a) si ha sido penado legalmente en virtud de una sentencia dictada por un tribunal competente;
    b) si ha sido detenido preventivamente o internado, conforme a derecho, por desobediencia a una orden judicial o para asegurar el cumplimiento de una obligación establecida por la Ley;
    c) si ha sido detenido preventivamente o internado, conforme a derecho, para hacerle comparecer ante la autoridad judicial competente, cuando existan indicios racionales de que ha cometido una infracción o cuando se estime necesario para impedirle que cometa una infracción o que huya después de haberla cometido;
    d) si se trata del internamiento de un menor en virtud de una orden legalmente acordada con el fin de vigilar su educación o de su detención, conforme a derecho, con el fin de hacerle comparecer ante la autoridad competente;
    e) si se trata del internamiento, conforme a derecho, de una persona susceptible de propagar una enfermedad contagiosa, de un enajenado, de un alcohólico, de un toxicómano o de un vagabundo;
    f) si se trata de la detención preventiva o del internamiento, conforme a derecho, de una persona para impedir que entre ilegalmente en el territorio o contra la que esté en curso un procedimiento de expulsión o extradición.
    2. Toda persona detenida preventivamente debe ser informada, en el más breve plazo y en una lengua que comprenda, de los motivos de su detención y de cualquier acusación formulada contra ella.
    3. Toda persona detenida preventivamente o internada en las condiciones previstas en el apartado 1, letra c), del presente artículo deberá ser conducida sin dilación a presencia de un juez o de otra autoridad habilitada por la Ley para ejercer poderes judiciales, y tendrá derecho a ser juzgada en un plazo razonable o a ser puesta en libertad durante el procedimiento. La puesta en libertad puede ser condicionada a una garantía que asegure la comparecencia del interesado en juicio.
    4. Toda persona privada de su libertad mediante detención preventiva o internamiento tendrá derecho a presentar un recurso ante un organismo judicial, a fin de que se pronuncie en breve plazo sobre la legalidad de su privación de libertad y ordene su puesta en libertad si fuera ilegal.
    5. Toda persona víctima de una detención preventiva o de un internamiento en condiciones contrarias a las disposiciones de este artículo tendrá derecho a una reparación.`
    Los derechos inscritos en el artículo 6 deberán respetarse especialmente cuando el Parlamento Europeo y el Consejo adopten actos legislativos en el ámbito de la cooperación judicial en materia penal, en virtud de los artículos 82, 83 y 85 del Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea, en particular para la definición de disposiciones comunes mínimas en lo relativo a la calificación de las infracciones y de las penas y determinados aspectos de derecho procesal.

    Source:
    Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
    Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
    Las presentes explicaciones fueron elaboradas inicialmente bajo la responsabilidad del Praesidium de la Convención que redactó la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea. Han sido actualizadas bajo la responsabilidad del Praesidium de la Convención Europea, a la vista de las adaptaciones de la redacción del texto de la Carta realizadas por la Convención (en particular, los artículos 51 y 52) y de la evolución del Derecho de la Unión. Si bien no tienen por sí mismas valor jurídico, constituyen un valioso instrumento de interpretación con objeto de aclarar las disposiciones de la Carta.

Jurisprudencia

Derecho constitucional nacional

42 results found

  • Το Σύνταγμα της Ελλάδας
    País:
    Greece

    Άρθρο 5 (1). Kαθένας έχει δικαίωμα να αναπτύσσει ελεύθερα την πρoσωπικότητά τoυ και να συμμετέχει στην κoινωνική, oικoνoμική και πoλιτική ζωή της Xώρας, εφόσoν δεν πρoσβάλλει τα δικαιώματα των άλλων και δεν παραβιάζει τo Σύνταγμα ή τα χρηστά ήθη. (2). Όλoι όσoι βρίσκoνται στην Eλληνική Eπικράτεια απoλαμβάνoυν την απόλυτη πρoστασία της ζωής, της τιμής και της ελευθερίας τoυς, χωρίς διάκριση εθνικότητας, φυλής, γλώσσας και θρησκευτικών ή πoλιτικών πεπoιθήσεων. Eξαιρέσεις επιτρέπoνται στις περιπτώσεις πoυ πρoβλέπει τo διεθνές δίκαιo. Aπαγoρεύεται η έκδoση αλλoδαπoύ πoυ διώκεται για τη δράση τoυ υπέρ της ελευθερίας. (3). H πρoσωπική ελευθερία είναι απαραβίαστη. Kανένας δεν καταδιώκεται oύτε συλλαμβάνεται oύτε φυλακίζεται oύτε με oπoιoνδήπoτε άλλo τρόπo περιoρίζεται, παρά μόνo όταν και όπως oρίζει o νόμoς. (4). Απαγορεύονται ατομικά διοικητικά μέτρα που περιορίζουν σε οποιονδήποτε Έλληνα την ελεύθερη κίνηση ή εγκατάσταση στη Χώρα, καθώς και την ελεύθερη έξοδο και είσοδο σ’ αυτήν. Τέτοιου περιεχομένου περιοριστικά μέτρα είναι δυνατόν να επιβληθούν μόνο ως παρεπόμενη ποινή με απόφαση ποινικού δικαστηρίου, σε εξαιρετικές περιπτώσεις ανάγκης και μόνο για την πρόληψη αξιόποινων πράξεων, όπως νόμος ορίζει. (5). Καθένας έχει δικαίωμα στην προστασία της υγείας και της γενετικής του ταυτότητας. Νόμος ορίζει τα σχετικά με την προστασία κάθε προσώπου έναντι των βιοϊατρικών παρεμβάσεων. Άρθρο 6(1). Kανένας δεν συλλαμβάνεται oύτε φυλακίζεται χωρίς αιτιoλoγημένo δικαστικό ένταλμα, πoυ πρέπει να επιδoθεί τη στιγμή πoυ γίνεται η σύλληψη ή η πρoφυλάκιση. Eξαιρoύνται τα αυτόφωρα εγκλήματα. (2). Όπoιoς συλλαμβάνεται για αυτόφωρo έγκλημα ή με ένταλμα πρoσάγεται στoν αρμόδιo ανακριτή τo αργότερo μέσα σε είκoσι τέσσερις ώρες από τη σύλληψη, αν όμως η σύλληψη έγινε έξω από την έδρα τoυ ανακριτή, η πρoσαγωγή γίνεται μέσα στoν απoλύτως αναγκαίo χρόνo για τη μεταγωγή τoυ. O ανακριτής oφείλει, μέσα σε τρεις ημέρες από την πρoσαγωγή, είτε να απoλύσει τoν συλληφθέντα είτε να εκδώσει ένταλμα φυλάκισης. H πρoθεσμία αυτή παρατείνεται για δύo ημέρες, αν τo ζητήσει αυτός πoυ έχει πρoσαχθεί, ή σε περίπτωση ανώτερης βίας πoυ βεβαιώνεται αμέσως με απόφαση τoυ αρμόδιoυ δικαστικoύ συμβoυλίoυ. (3). Όταν περάσει άπρακτη καθεμία από τις δύo αυτές πρoθεσμίες, κάθε δεσμoφύλακας ή άλλoς, είτε πoλιτικός υπάλληλoς είτε στρατιωτικός, στoν oπoίo έχει ανατεθεί η κράτηση εκείνoυ πoυ έχει συλληφθεί, oφείλει να τoν απoλύσει αμέσως. Oι παραβάτες τιμωρoύνται για παράνoμη κατακράτηση και υπoχρεoύνται να επανoρθώσoυν κάθε ζημία πoυ έγινε στoν παθόντα και να τoν ικανoπoιήσoυν για ηθική βλάβη με χρηματικό πoσό, όπως νόμoς oρίζει. (4). Nόμoς oρίζει τo ανώτατo όριo διάρκειας της πρoφυλάκισης, πoυ δεν μπoρεί να υπερβεί τo ένα έτoς στα κακoυργήματα και τoυς έξι μήνες στα πλημμελήματα. Σε εντελώς εξαιρετικές περιπτώσεις τα ανώτατα αυτά όρια μπoρoύν να παραταθoύν για έξι και τρεις μήνες, αντίστoιχα, με απόφαση τoυ αρμόδιoυ δικαστικoύ συμβoυλίoυ. Απαγορεύεται η υπέρβαση των ανώτατων ορίων της προφυλάκισης με τη διαδοχική επιβολή του μέτρου αυτού για επί μέρους πράξεις της ίδιας υπόθεσης.

  • КОНСТИТУЦИЯ на Република България
    País:
    Bulgaria

    Ние, народните представители от Седмото Велико Народно събрание, в стремежа си да изразим волята на българския народ [...] като издигаме във върховен принцип правата на личността, нейното достойнство и сигурност [...] Чл.30. (1) Всеки има право на лична свобода и неприкосновеност.
    (2) Никой не може да бъде задържан, подлаган на оглед, обиск или на друго посегателство върху личната му неприкосновеност освен при условията и по реда, определени със закон.
    (3) В изрично посочените от закона неотложни случаи компетентните държавни органи могат да задържат гражданин, за което незабавно уведомяват органите на съдебната власт. В срок от 24 часа от задържането органът на съдебната власт се произнася по неговата законосъобразност.

Derecho de la UE

13 results found

  • Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 November 2019 on the European Border and Coast Guard and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1052/2013 and (EU) 2016/1624

    Preamble

    (103) This Regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by Articles 2 and 6 TEU and by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the Charter’), in particular respect for human dignity, the right to life, the prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the prohibition of trafficking in human beings, the right to liberty and security, the right to the protection of personal data, the right of access to documents, the right to asylum and to protection against removal and expulsion, non-refoulement, non-discrimination and the rights of the child.

    Article 1: Subject matter

    This Regulation establishes a European Border and Coast Guard to ensure European integrated border management at the external borders with a view to managing those borders efficiently in full compliance with fundamental rights and to increasing the efficiency of the Union return policy.

    This Regulation addresses migratory challenges and potential future challenges and threats at the external borders. It ensures a high level of internal security within the Union in full respect of fundamental rights, while safeguarding the free movement of persons within the Union. It contributes to the detection, prevention and combating of cross-border crime at the external borders.

    Article 43: Instructions to the teams

    4.   Members of the teams shall, in the performance of their tasks and in the exercise of their powers, fully respect fundamental rights, including access to asylum procedures and human dignity, and shall pay particular attention to vulnerable persons. Any measures taken in the performance of their tasks and in the exercise of their powers shall be proportionate to the objectives pursued by such measures. While performing their tasks and exercising their powers, they shall not discriminate against persons on the basis of any grounds such as sex, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or sexual orientation in line with Article 21 of the Charter.

  • Commission Recommendation of 27 November 2013 on procedural safeguards for vulnerable persons suspected or accused in criminal proceedings

    Preamble
    ‘(10) Vulnerable persons need appropriate assistance and support during criminal proceedings. For that purpose, the legal representative of a vulnerable suspect or accused person or an appropriate adult should be informed as soon as possible of the criminal proceedings against him, of the nature of the accusation, the procedural rights and the available remedies. The legal representative or an appropriate adult should be notified as soon as possible of the deprivation of liberty and be informed about the reasons for it, unless it is contrary to the person's best interests.‘
    Right to medical assistance
    ‘12. Vulnerable persons should have access to systematic and regular medical assistance throughout criminal proceedings if they are deprived of liberty.‘
    Deprivation of liberty
    ‘14. Member States should take all steps to ensure that deprivation of liberty of vulnerable persons before their conviction is a measure of last resort, proportionate and taking place under conditions suited to the needs of the vulnerable person. Appropriate measures should be taken to ensure that vulnerable persons have access to reasonable accommodations taking into account their particular needs when they are deprived of liberty.‘

  • Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA

    Preamble:

    (14) In applying this Directive, children's best interests must be a primary consideration, in accordance with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted on 20 November 1989. Child victims should be considered and treated as the full bearers of rights set out in this Directive and should be entitled to exercise those rights in a manner that takes into account their capacity to form their own views.
    (16) Victims of terrorism have suffered attacks that are intended ultimately to harm society. They may therefore need special attention, support and protection due to the particular nature of the crime that has been committed against them. Victims of terrorism can be under significant public scrutiny and often need social recognition and respectful treatment by society. Member States should therefore take particular account of the needs of victims of terrorism, and should seek to protect their dignity and security.’
    ‘(38) [...] A main task of these services and their staff, which play an important role in supporting the victim to recover from and overcome potential harm or trauma as a result of a criminal offence, should be to inform victims about the rights set out in this Directive so that they can take decisions in a supportive environment that treats them with dignity, respect and sensitivity. The types of support that such specialist support services should offer could include providing shelter and safe accommodation, immediate medical support, referral to medical and forensic examination for evidence in cases of rape or sexual assault, short and long-term psychological counselling, trauma care, legal advice, advocacy and specific services for children as direct or indirect victims.’
    ‘(52) Measures should be available to protect the safety and dignity of victims and their family members from secondary and repeat victimisation, from intimidation and from retaliation, such as interim injunctions or protection or restraining orders.’

    (66) This Directive respects fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. In particular, it seeks to promote the right to dignity, life, physical and mental integrity, liberty and security, respect for private and family life, the right to property, the principle of non-discrimination, the principle of equality between women and men, the rights of the child, the elderly and persons with disabilities, and the right to a fair trial.

    Article 18 - Right to protection
    ‘Without prejudice to the rights of the defence, Member States shall ensure that measures are available to protect victims and their family members from secondary and repeat victimisation, from intimidation and from retaliation, including against the risk of emotional or psychological harm, and to protect the dignity of victims during questioning and when testifying. When necessary, such measures shall also include procedures established under national law for the physical protection of victims and their family members.’

Derecho internacional

5 results found

  • European Convention on Human Rights - Article 5

    Article 5 – Right to liberty and security

    1 Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be deprived of his liberty save in the following cases and in accordance with a procedure prescribed by law:

    a the lawful detention of a person after conviction by a competent court;

    b the lawful arrest or detention of a person for non-compliance with the lawful order of a court or in order to secure the fulfilment of any obligation prescribed by law;

    c the lawful arrest or detention of a person effected for the purpose of bringing him before the competent legal authority on reasonable suspicion of having committed an offence or when it is reasonably considered necessary to prevent his committing an offence or fleeing after having done so;

    d the detention of a minor by lawful order for the purpose of educational supervision or his lawful detention for the purpose of bringing him before the competent legal authority;

    e the lawful detention of persons for the prevention of the spreading of infectious diseases, of persons of unsound mind, alcoholics or drug addicts or vagrants;

    f the lawful arrest or detention of a person to prevent his effecting an unauthorised entry into the country or of a person against whom action is being taken with a view to deportation or extradition.

    2 Everyone who is arrested shall be informed promptly, in a language which he understands, of the reasons for his arrest and of any charge against him.

    3 Everyone arrested or detained in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1.c of this article shall be brought promptly before a judge or other officer authorised by law to exercise judicial power and shall be entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release pending trial. Release may be conditioned by guarantees to appear for trial. 4 Everyone who is deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled to take proceedings by which the lawfulness of his detention shall be decided speedily by a court and his release ordered if the detention is not lawful. 5 Everyone who has been the victim of arrest or detention in contravention of the provisions of this article shall have an enforceable right to compensation.

  • Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities - Article 14

    Article 14 – Liberty and security of person

    1. States Parties shall ensure that persons with disabilities, on an equal basis with others: a) Enjoy the right to liberty and security of person; b) Are not deprived of their liberty unlawfully or arbitrarily, and that any deprivation of liberty is in conformity with the law, and that the existence of a disability shall in no justify a deprivation of liberty.

    2. States Parties shall ensure that if persons with disabilities are deprived of their liberty through any process, they are, on an equal basis with others, entitled to guarantees in accordance with international human rights law and shall be treated in compliance with the objectives and principles of the present Convention, including by provision of reasonable accommodation.

  • International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

    Article 9

    1. Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention. No one shall be deprived of his liberty except on such grounds and in accordance with such procedure as are established by law.

    2. Anyone who is arrested shall be informed, at the time of arrest, of the reasons for his arrest and shall be promptly informed of any charges against him.

    3. Anyone arrested or detained on a criminal charge shall be brought promptly before a judge or other officer authorized by law to exercise judicial power and shall be entitled to trial within a reasonable time or to release. It shall not be the general rule that persons awaiting trial shall be detained in custody, but release may be subject to guarantees to appear for trial, at any other stage of the judicial proceedings, and, should occasion arise, for execution of the judgement.

    4. Anyone who is deprived of his liberty by arrest or detention shall be entitled to take proceedings before a court, in order that that court may decide without delay on the lawfulness of his detention and order his release if the detention is not lawful.

    5. Anyone who has been the victim of unlawful arrest or detention shall have an enforceable right to compensation.

     

    Article 10

    1. All persons deprived of their liberty shall be treated with humanity and with respect for the inherent dignity of the human person.

    2. (a) Accused persons shall, save in exceptional circumstances, be segregated from convicted persons and shall be subject to separate treatment appropriate to their status as unconvicted persons; (b) Accused juvenile persons shall be separated from adults and brought as speedily as possible for adjudication.

    3. The penitentiary system shall comprise treatment of prisoners the essential aim of which shall be their reformation and social rehabilitation. Juvenile offenders shall be segregated from adults and be accorded treatment appropriate to their age and legal status.

  • Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 35 - Article 9: Liberty and Security of person
  • UN General Assembly Resolution 70/175 (2015) - United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules)

Productos

  • Report / Paper / Summary
    14
    May
    2020
    This report presents select findings from FRA’s 2019 survey on LGBTI people in the EU and North Macedonia and Serbia. With almost 140,000 participants, it is the largest survey of its kind. It follows the agency’s first survey on LGBT people in the EU, conducted in 2012. The new survey results show little progress over the past seven years.
  • Periodic updates / Series
    8
    April
    2020
    The outbreak of COVID-19 affects people’s daily life in the 27 EU Member States. As the number of infected people in the EU territory began to mount rapidly in February and March, governments put in place a raft of measures – often introduced in a period of only a few days – in an effort to contain the spread of the virus. Many of these measures reflect how, in exceptional emergency situations, the urgent need to save lives justifies restrictions on other rights, such as the freedom of movement and of assembly. This report outlines some of the measures EU Member States have put in place to protect public health during the COVID-19 pandemic. It covers the period 1 February – 20 March 2020.
  • Periodic updates / Series
    30
    March
    2020
    Children in migration are more vulnerable than adults, particularly when they are unaccompanied. Their vulnerability makes them more exposed to violence, exploitation and trafficking in human beings, as well as physical, psychological and sexual abuse. This report looks into challenges to the fundamental rights of children in migration throughout 2019. It pulls together the main issues identified in FRA’s Quarterly Bulletins on migration in selected EU Member States.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    25
    April
    2018
    This report outlines Member States’ approaches to age requirements and limits
    regarding child participation in judicial proceedings; procedural safeguards for, and rights of, children involved in criminal
    proceedings; as well as issues related to depriving children of their liberty.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    28
    March
    2018
    This report outlines the fundamental rights implications of collecting, storing and using
    biometric and other data in EU IT systems in the area of asylum and migration.
  • Easy-to-read report
    3
    January
    2018
    Inside this book you will read about the justice system and the problems in justice for children and how to fix the problems.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    7
    July
    2017
    Various proposals on EU-level information systems in the areas of borders and security mention interoperability, aiming to provide fast and easy access to information about third-country nationals.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    22
    June
    2017
    Up to one third of migrants arriving in the European Union since the summer of 2015 have been children. The current emphasis on speedier asylum processing and making returns more effective may trigger increased use of immigration detention, possibly also affecting children. The detention of children implicates various fundamental rights and will only be in line with EU law if limited to exceptional cases. This report aims to support practitioners in implementing relevant polices in line with applicable law by outlining available safeguards against unlawful and arbitrary detention and highlighting promising practices.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    22
    February
    2017
    Around 2.5 million children participate in judicial proceedings across the European Union (EU)
    every year, affected by parental divorce or as victims of, or witnesses to, crime. Although their
    effective participation in such proceedings is vital for improving the operation of justice, the
    treatment of children in justice systems remains a concern.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    22
    February
    2017
    Around 2.5 million children participate in judicial proceedings across the European Union (EU) every year, affected by parental divorce or as victims of, or witnesses to, crime. Although their effective participation in such proceedings is vital for improving the operation of justice, the treatment of children in justice systems remains a concern. FRA investigated to what extent children’s rights to be heard, to be informed, to be protected, and to non-discrimination are fulfilled in practice.