eu-charter

Handvest van de grondrechten van de Europese Unie

EU Charter and Charter resources
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Titel II

Vrijheden

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Artikel 13 - De vrijheid van kunsten en wetenschappen

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Artikel 13 - De vrijheid van kunsten en wetenschappen

De kunsten en het wetenschappelijk onderzoek zijn vrij. De academische vrijheid wordt geëerbiedigd.

CHARTERPEDIA RESOURCES

Toelichtingen

  • Text:

    Dit recht vloeit op de eerste plaats voort uit de vrijheid van gedachte en de vrijheid van meningsuiting. Het wordt uitgeoefend met inachtneming van artikel 1 en kan worden onderworpen aan de beperkingen die krachtens artikel 10 van het EVRM zijn toegestaan.

    Source:
    Publicatieblad van de Europese Unie C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
    Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
    Deze toelichtingen werden oorspronkelijk opgesteld onder de verantwoordelijkheid van het praesidium van de Conventie die het Handvest van de grondrechten van de Europese Unie heeft opgesteld. Zij zijn bijgewerkt onder de verantwoordelijkheid van het praesidium van de Europese Conventie, in het licht van de wijzigingen die door laatstgenoemde Conventie in het Handvest zijn aangebracht (met name in artikel 51 en 52) en van verdere ontwikkelingen in het recht van de Unie. Hoewel zij op zich geen juridische waarde hebben, vormen zij een waardevol hulpmiddel voor de interpretatie, bedoeld om de bepalingen van het Handvest te verduidelijken.

Jurisprudentie

Nationaal constitutioneel recht

36 results found

  • Sweden / Instrument of Government
    URL:
    Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform
    Land:
    Sweden

    Chapter 2 - Fundamental rights and freedoms;

    Article 16 Authors, artists and photographers shall own the rights to their works in accordance with rules laid down in law;

    Article 18 (...) The freedom of research is protected according to rules laid down in law.

  • Arts Act 2003
    URL:
    Arts Act 2003
    Land:
    Ireland

      An act to promote the development of and participation in the arts; (...)

  • Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
    URL:
    Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
    Land:
    Germany

    Article 5 (1) Every person shall have the right freely to express and disseminate his opinions in speech, writing and pictures, and to inform himself without hindrance from generally accessible sources. Freedom of the press and freedom of reporting by means of broadcasts and films shall be guaranteed. There shall be no censorship. (2) These rights shall find their limits in the provisions of general laws, in provisions for the protection of young persons, and in the right to personal honour. (3) Arts and sciences, research and teaching shall be free. The freedom of teaching shall not release any person from allegiance to the constitution.

  • Constitution of Finland
    URL:
    Constitution of Finland
    Land:
    Finland

    Section 16 Educational rights (...) The freedom of science, the arts and higher education is guaranteed.

  • Constitution of Malta
    URL:
    Constitution of Malta
    Land:
    Malta

    Article 8The State shall promote the development of culture and scientific and technical research.

  • Constitution of the Hellenic Republic
    URL:
    Constitution of the Hellenic Republic
    Land:
    Greece

    Article 16 (1). Art and science, research and teaching shall be free and their development and promotion shall be an obligation of the State. Academic freedom and freedom of teaching shall not exempt anyone from his duty of allegiance to the Constitution. [...]

  • Constitution of the Italian Republic
    URL:
    Constitution of the Italian Republic
    Land:
    Italy

    Art. 9. The Republic promotes the development of culture and of scientific and technical research. It safeguards natural landscape and the historical and artistic heritage of the Nation. Art. 33. The Republic guarantees the freedom of the arts and sciences, which may
    be freely taught. (...) Higher education institutions, universities and academies, have the right to establish their own regulations within the limits laid down by the law.

  • Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria
    URL:
    Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria
    Land:
    Bulgaria

    Art. 23. The State shall establish conditions conducive to the free development of science, education and the arts, and shall assist that development. It shall organize the conservation of all national monuments of history and culture. Art 53. [...] (4) Higher educational establishments shall enjoy academic autonomy.Art. 54. [...] (2) Artistic, scientific and technological creativity shall be recognized and guaranteed by the law.

  • Constitution of the Republic of Croatia
    URL:
    Constitution of the Republic of Croatia
    Land:
    Croatia

    Article 69
    The freedom of scientific, cultural and artistic creativity shall be guaranteed.
    The state shall encourage and support the development of science, culture and the arts.
    The state shall protect scientific, cultural and artistic assets as national spiritual values.
    The protection of moral and material rights deriving from scientific, cultural, artistic,
    intellectual and other creative efforts shall be guaranteed.
    The state shall encourage and support care for physical culture and sports.

  • Constitution of the Republic of Estonia
    URL:
    Constitution of the Republic of Estonia
    Land:
    Estonia

    Article 38. Science and art and their teachings are free.
    Universities and research institutions are autonomous within the limits prescribed by the law.

  • Constitution of the Republic of Latvia
    URL:
    Constitution of the Republic of Latvia
    Land:
    Latvia

    113. The State shall recognise the freedom of scientific research, artistic and other creative activity, and shall protect copyright and patent rights.

  • Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania
    URL:
    Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania
    Land:
    Lithuania

    Article 42. Culture, science and research, and teaching shall be free. The State shall support culture and science, and shall take care of the protection of Lithuanian historical, artistic, and other cultural monuments, as well as other culturally valuable objects. The law shall protect and defend the spiritual and material interests of an author that are related to scientific, technical, cultural, and artistic work.

  • Constitution of the Republic of Poland
    URL:
    Constitution of the Republic of Poland
    Land:
    Poland

    Article 70(...) 5. The autonomy of the institutions of higher education shall be ensured in accordance with principles specified by statute. Article 73The freedom of artistic creation and scientific research as well as dissemination of the fruits thereof, the freedom to teach and to enjoy the products of culture, shall be ensured to everyone.

  • Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana
    URL:
    Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana
    Land:
    Italy

    Art. 9. La Repubblica promuove lo sviluppo della cultura e la ricerca scientifica e tecnica.Tutela il paesaggio e il patrimonio storico e artistico della Nazione. Art. 33. L'arte e la scienza sono libere e libero ne è l'insegnamento. (...) Le istituzioni di alta cultura, università ed accademie, hanno il diritto di darsi ordinamenti autonomi nei limiti stabiliti dalle leggi dello Stato.

  • Czechia / Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
    URL:
    Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
    Land:
    Czechia

    Article 15 (...) (2) The freedom of scholarly research and of artistic creation is guaranteed.

  • Eesti Vabariigi Põhiseadus
    URL:
    Eesti Vabariigi Põhiseadus
    Land:
    Estonia

    § 38. Teadus ja kunst ning nende õpetused on vabad. Ülikoolid ja teadusasutused on seaduses ettenähtud piires autonoomsed.

  • Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland
    URL:
    Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland
    Land:
    Germany

    Artikel 5 (1) Jeder hat das Recht, seine Meinung in Wort, Schrift und Bild frei zu äußern und zu verbreiten und sich aus allgemein zugänglichen Quellen ungehindert zu unterrichten. Die Pressefreiheit und die Freiheit der Berichterstattung durch Rundfunk und Film werden gewährleistet. Eine Zensur findet nicht statt.(2) Diese Rechte finden ihre Schranken in den Vorschriften der allgemeinen Gesetze, den gesetzlichen Bestimmungen zum Schutze der Jugend und in dem Recht der persönlichen Ehre. (3) Kunst und Wissenschaft, Forschung und Lehre sind frei. Die Freiheit der Lehre entbindet nicht von der Treue zur Verfassung. .

  • Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
    URL:
    Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
    Land:
    Poland

    Art. 70. (...) 5. Zapewnia się autonomię szkół wyższych na zasadach określonych w ustawie. Art. 73. Każdemu zapewnia się wolność twórczości artystycznej, badań naukowych oraz ogłaszania ich wyników, wolność nauczania, a także wolność korzystania z dóbr kultury.

  • Latvijas Republikas Satversme
    URL:
    Latvijas Republikas Satversme
    Land:
    Latvia

    113. Valsts atzīst zinātniskās, mākslinieciskās un citādas jaunrades brīvību, kā arī aizsargā autortiesības un patenttiesības.

  • Law on Scientific Activity
    URL:
    Law on Scientific Activity
    Land:
    Latvia

     Section 2(1) The purpose of this Law is to strengthen the role of the State in the fostering of science as a particularly important factor in the development of society. (2) This Law prescribes the unity of science and higher education, the rights, liabilities, independence and academic freedom of scientists, professional and social security, and the competence and obligations of State authorities in the ensuring of scientific activity. Section 3. Any person, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, language, age, political or religious conviction, social origin, or material, family or employment situation and other circumstances, has the right to perform scientific activity.

EU-recht

7 results found

  • Regulation (EU) 2021/817 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2021 establishing Erasmus+: the Union Programme for education and training, youth and sport and repealing Regulation (EU) No 1288/2013
    URL:
    Regulation (EU) 2021/817 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2021 establishing Erasmus+: the Union Programme for education and training, youth and sport and repealing Regulation (EU) No 1288/2013

    (64) This Regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in particular by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the ‘Charter’). In particular, this Regulation seeks to ensure full respect for the right to equality between women and men and the right to non-discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation, and to promote the application of Articles 21 and 23 of the Charter. In line with Article 13 of the Charter, it should also be ensured that academic freedom is respected by the countries receiving funds under the Programme.

    [...]

    Article 2

    Definitions

    (25) ‘people with fewer opportunities’ means people who, for economic, social, cultural, geographical or health reasons, due to their migrant background, or for reasons such as disability or educational difficulties or for any other reason, including a reason that could give rise to discrimination under Article 21 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, face obstacles that prevent them from having effective access to opportunities under the Programme;

  • Directive 2001/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the resale right for the benefit of the author of an original work of art
    URL:
    Directive 2001/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 September 2001 on the resale right for the benefit of the author of an original work of art

    Article 1

    Subject matter of the resale right

    1. Member States shall provide, for the benefit of the author of an original work of art, a resale right, to be defined as an inalienable right, which cannot be waived, even in advance, to receive a royalty based on the sale price obtained for any resale of the work, subsequent to the first transfer of the work by the author.

    2. The right referred to in paragraph 1 shall apply to all acts of resale involving as sellers, buyers or intermediaries art market professionals, such as salesrooms, art galleries and, in general, any dealers in works of art.

    3. Member States may provide that the right referred to in paragraph 1 shall not apply to acts of resale where the seller has acquired the work directly from the author less than three years before that resale and where the resale price does not exceed EUR 10000.

    4. The royalty shall be payable by the seller. Member States may provide that one of the natural or legal persons referred to in paragraph 2 other than the seller shall alone be liable or shall share liability with the seller for payment of the royalty.

  • Directive (EU) 2016/801 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of research, studies, training, voluntary service, pupil exchange schemes or educa...
    URL:
    (Directive on entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of research, studies, training, voluntary service, pupil exchange schemes or educational projects and au pairing)

    Preamble:
    ‘(7) Migration for the purposes set out in this Directive should promote the generation and acquisition of knowledge and skills. It constitutes a form of mutual enrichment for the migrants concerned, their country of origin and the Member State concerned, while strengthening cultural links and enhancing cultural diversity.‘

  • Directive 2013/55/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 November 2013 amending Directive 2005/36/EC on the recognition of professional qualifications and Regulation (EU) No 1024/2012 on administrative cooperation through the Internal M...
    URL:
    (Directive on the recognition of professional qualifications)

    Article 13
    Conditions for recognition
    ‘1. If access to or pursuit of a regulated profession in a host Member State is contingent upon possession of specific professional qualifications, the competent authority of that Member State shall permit applicants to access and pursue that profession, under the same conditions as apply to its nationals, if they possess an attestation of competence or evidence of formal qualifications referred to in Article 11, required by another Member State in order to gain access to and pursue that profession on its territory. [...]‘

  • Directive 2014/26/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on collective management of copyright and related rights and multi-territorial licensing of rights in musical works for online use in the internal market Text with E...
    URL:
    (Directive on collective management of copyright and related rights and multi-territorial licensing of rights in musical works for online use)

    Preamble:
    ‘(3) Article 167 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) requires the Union to take cultural diversity into account in its action and to contribute to the flowering of the cultures of the Member States, while respecting their national and regional diversity and at the same time bringing the common cultural heritage to the fore. Collective management organisations play, and should continue to play, an important role as promoters of the diversity of cultural expression, both by enabling the smallest and less popular repertoires to access the market and by providing social, cultural and educational services for the benefit of their rightholders and the public.‘

  • Directive 2014/54/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on measures facilitating the exercise of rights conferred on workers in the context of freedom of movement for workers Text with EEA relevance
    URL:
    (Directive on measures facilitating the exercise of rights conferred on workers in the context of freedom of movement)

    Preamble:
    ‘(5) The effective exercise of the freedom of movement of workers is, however, still a major challenge and many Union workers are very often unaware of their rights to free movement. Because of, inter alia, their potentially more vulnerable position, Union workers may still suffer from unjustified restrictions or obstacles to the exercise of their right to free movement, such as non-recognition of qualifications, discrimination on grounds of nationality and exploitation when they move to another Member State. There is, therefore, a gap between the law and its application in practice that needs to be addressed.‘

  • Regulation (EU) No 1288/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 establishing 'Erasmus+': the Union programme for education, training, youth and sport and repealing Decisions No 1719/2006/EC, No 1720/2006/EC and No 1298/20...
    URL:
    (Regulation establishing 'Erasmus+')

Internationaal recht

7 results found

Producten

  • Report / Paper / Summary
    22
    January
    2026

    Regulating online terrorist content – Balancing public safety and fundamental rights

    Online terrorist content is a threat to fundamental rights, rule of law and democracy. EU measures to tackle such content aim to prevent terrorism while upholding these values. FRA’s report looks at how online terrorist content is detected and removed under EU legislation. It highlights challenges in interpreting rules, risks of over-removal and potential impacts on freedom of expression. It finds that moderation practices by authorities and platforms can disproportionately affect certain groups, such as Muslims and Arabic speakers, while far-right content often receives less scrutiny. The findings, based on research and expert interviews with those addressing online terrorist content, offer ways to improve transparency in content moderation and to better balance public security and fundamental rights, contributing to wider debates on regulating online content responsibly.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    28
    September
    2022

    Richtlijn (EU) 2017/541 inzake terrorismebestrijding - Effect op de grondrechten en fundamentele vrijheden - Samenvatting

    Terreurdaden brengen het leven en de veiligheid van de bevolking in groot gevaar en het is voor staten een enorme uitdaging om hun burgers ertegen te beschermen. Daartegenover staat dat wetgeving, beleid en andere maatregelen ter bestrijding van terrorisme er direct of indirect toe kunnen leiden dat de grondrechten danig worden ingeperkt en negatieve gevolgen kunnen hebben voor individuen, groepen en de samenleving als geheel. Deze samenvatting bevat de belangrijkste bevindingen uit het verslag van het FRA over Richtlijn (EU) 2017/541 inzake terrorismebestrijding, het belangrijkste strafrechtelijke instrument op EU-niveau in de strijd tegen terrorisme.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    19
    July
    2022

    Europe's civil society: still under pressure - 2022 update

    Civil society is a key component of Europe’s fundamental rights architecture. From supporting people affected by the pandemic to helping those fleeing the war in Ukraine, civil society plays a crucial role in upholding people’s rights. In so doing, it contributes to a healthy rule of law culture. FRA’s civic space report provides an overview of the many ways in which civil society contributes to the checks and balances that underpin the rule of law.
  • Fundamental Rights Report
    8
    June
    2022

    Fundamental Rights Report 2022

    FRA’s Fundamental Rights Report 2022 reviews major developments in the field in 2021, identifying both achievements and areas of concern. It also presents FRA’s opinions on these developments, including a synopsis of the evidence supporting these opinions.
    Antonioguillem © adobestock.com, 2022
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    18
    November
    2021

    Directive (EU) 2017/541 on combating terrorism ― Impact on fundamental rights and freedoms

    This report examines the EU’s main criminal law instrument in the field of counter-terrorism, Directive (EU) 2017/541. Specifically, it considers how the directive engages issues of fundamental rights, affecting individuals, groups and society as a whole.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    4
    November
    2021

    Legal aid for returnees deprived of liberty

    This report outlines to what extent legal aid is available to those held in pre-removal detention in the 27 EU Member States, and in North Macedonia and Serbia, during procedures related to their return. These involve decisions on return, on detention pending removal, the removal itself and on bans on entry. The report also examines when people are entitled to free legal aid and how this aid is funded, as well as who provides representation and various factors that limit the scope of legal aid.
    © Freshideas / Adobestock
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    22
    September
    2021

    Protecting civic space in the EU

    Civil society organisations play a vital role in promoting fundamental rights, but they face diverse challenges across the European Union. This report presents FRA’s findings on a range of such challenges. The findings are based on research, and on two online consultations with civil society organisations, carried out in 2020.
    blvdone © adobestock.com, 2021
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    19
    February
    2021

    Crime, safety and victims' rights – Fundamental Rights Survey

    This is the second main report from FRA’s Fundamental Rights Survey, which collected data from 35,000 people on a range of issues. This report focuses on respondents’ experiences as victims of selected types of crime, including violence, harassment, and property crime. The report also examines how often these crimes are reported to the police, and presents further details relating to harassment and violence, such as the perpetrators and where the incidents took place.
    yupachingping © stock.adobe.com
  • Periodic updates / Series
    29
    July
    2020

    Coronavirus pandemic in the EU - Fundamental Rights Implications - Bulletin 4

    As we enter the second half of 2020, the constraints on our daily lives brought about by the Coronavirus pandemic have become a firm reality. New local lockdowns and the reintroduction of restrictive measures prompted by fresh outbreaks of the virus are a stark reminder that COVID-19 continues to shape our lives – and our enjoyment of fundamental rights – in profound ways. There is compelling evidence of how the pandemic has exacerbated existing challenges in our societies. This FRA Bulletin outlines some of the measures EU Member States adopted to safely reopen their societies and economies while continuing to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. It highlights the impact these measures may have on civil, political and socioeconomic rights.
    TheVisualsYouNeed © adobestock.com, 2020
  • Periodic updates / Series
    30
    June
    2020

    Coronavirus pandemic in the EU - Fundamental Rights Implications - Bulletin 3

    The Coronavirus pandemic continues to interrupt everyday life in the EU in unprecedented ways. But the way it affects our societies is shifting. As governments gradually lift some of the measures put in place to contain the spread of COVID-19, new fundamental rights concerns arise: how to ensure that the rights to life and health are upheld as daily life transitions to a ‘new normal’. This Bulletin looks at declarations of states of emergency, or equivalent, and how they came under scrutiny. It considers
    the impact on fundamental rights in important areas of daily life, and includes a thematic focus on the pandemic's impact on older people.
    Solarisys © adobestock.com, 2020