Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea

 IX. cikk (SZABADSÁG ÉS FELELŐSSÉG) (1) Mindenkinek joga van a véleménynyilvánítás szabadságához.
(2) Magyarország elismeri és védi a sajtó szabadságát és sokszínűségét, biztosítja a demokratikus közvélemény kialakulásához szükséges szabad tájékoztatás feltételeit.
(3) A demokratikus közvélemény kialakulásához választási kampányidőszakban szükséges megfelelő tájékoztatás érdekében politikai reklám médiaszolgáltatásban kizárólag ellenérték nélkül, az esélyegyenlőséget biztosító, sarkalatos törvényben meghatározott feltételek mellett közölhető.
(4) A véleménynyilvánítás szabadságának a gyakorlása nem irányulhat mások emberi méltóságának a megsértésére.
(5) A véleménynyilvánítás szabadságának a gyakorlása nem irányulhat a magyar nemzet, a nemzeti, etnikai, faji vagy vallási közösségek méltóságának a megsértésére. Az ilyen közösséghez tartozó személyek – törvényben meghatározottak szerint – jogosultak a közösséget sértő véleménynyilvánítás ellen, emberi méltóságuk megsértése miatt igényeiket bíróság előtt érvényesíteni.
(6) A sajtószabadságra, valamint a médiaszolgáltatások, a sajtótermékek és a hírközlési piac felügyeletét ellátó szervre vonatkozó részletes szabályokat sarkalatos törvény határozza meg.

Article 7 1. No one shall require prior permission to publish thoughts or opinions through the press, without prejudice to the responsibility of every person under the law. 2. Rules concerning radio and television shall be laid down by Act of Parliament. There shall be no prior supervision of the content of a radio or television broadcast. The Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands 2023 | 5 3. No one shall be required to submit thoughts or opinions for prior approval in order to disseminate them by means other than those mentioned in the preceding paragraphs, without prejudice to the responsibility of every person under the law. The holding of performances open to persons younger than sixteen years of age may be regulated by Act of Parliament in order to protect good morals. 4. The preceding paragraphs do not apply to commercial advertising.

Article 37 (Freedom of expression and information) (1) Everyone shall possess the right to freely express and publicise his thoughts in words, images or by any other means, as well as the right to inform others, inform himself and be informed without hindrance or discrimination. (2) Exercise of the said rights shall not be hindered or limited by any type or form of censorship. (3) Infractions committed in the exercise of the said rights shall be subject to the general principles of the criminal law or the law governing administrative offences, and shall be brought before the courts of law or an independent administrative body respectively, as laid down by law. (4) Every person and body corporate shall be equally and effectively guaranteed the right of reply and to make corrections, as well as the right to compensation for damages suffered.

Article 38 (Freedom of press and media) (1) The freedom of the press shall be guaranteed. (2) Freedom of the press shall mean: (a) Journalists and other staff’s freedom of expression and creativity, as well as journalists’ freedom to take part in determining the editorial policy of the media body in question, save when it is doctrinal or denominational in nature; (b) Journalists’ right, as laid down by law, to gain access to sources of information and to the protection of professional independence and secrecy, as well as their right to elect editorial boards; (c) The right to found newspapers and any other publications, regardless of any prior administrative authorisation, bond or qualification. (3) In generic terms, the law shall ensure that the names of the owners of media bodies and the means by which those bodies are financed are publicised. (4) The state shall ensure the media’s freedom and independence from political power and economic power by imposing the principle of specialisation on businesses that own general information media, treating and supporting them in a non-discriminatory manner and preventing their concentration, particularly by means of multiple or interlocking interests. (5) The state shall ensure the existence and operation of a public radio and television service. (6) The structure and operation of public sector media shall safeguard their independence from the Government, the Public Administration and the other public authorities, and shall ensure that all the different currents of opinion are able to express themselves and to confront one another. (7) Radio and television broadcasting stations shall only operate with licenses that are granted under public calls for tender, as laid down by law.

Article 39 (Regulation of the media) (1) An independent administrative body shall be responsible for ensuring the following in the media: (a) The right to information and the freedom of the press; (b) The non-concentration of ownership of the media; (c) Independence from political power and economic power; (d) Respect for personal rights, freedoms and guarantees; (e) Respect for the statutes and rules that regulate the work of the media; (f) That all different currents of opinion are able to express themselves and confront one another; (g) Exercise of the rights to broadcasting time, of reply and of political response. (2) The law shall define the composition, responsibilities, organisation and modus operandi of the body referred to in the previous paragraph, together with the status and role of its members, who shall be appointed by the Assembly of the Republic and coopted by those so appointed.

Article 40 (Rights of broadcasting time, of reply and of political response) (1) Political parties, trade unions, professional and business organisations and other organisations with a national scope shall, in accordance with their size and representativity and with objective criteria that shall be defined by law, possess the right to broadcasting time on the public radio and television service. (2) Political parties that hold one or more seats in the Assembly of the Republic and do not form part of the Government shall, as laid down by law, possess the right to broadcasting time on the public radio and television service, which shall be apportioned in accordance with each party’s proportional share of the seats in the Assembly, as well as to reply or respond politically to the Government’s political statements. Such times shall be of the same duration and prominence as those given over to the Government’s broadcasts and statements. Parties with seats in the Legislative Assemblies of the autonomous regions shall enjoy the same rights within the ambit of the region in question. 3. During elections and as laid down by law, candidates shall possess the right to regular and equitable broadcasting time on radio and television stations with a national or regional scope.

Preamble/Clause of Promulgation Pursuant to Para. 7 of the Resolution of the National Assembly of 30 October 1918 about the fundamental establishment of the government is documented that the above-mentioned resolution has been taken by the Provisional National Assembly on 30 October 1918. 1. All censorship is abolished as illegal because contradictory to the basic rights of the citizen. 2. . Stops on publications and the issue of a postal distribution veto on such cease forthwith. Hitherto operative stops and postal distribution vetoes are abolished. Complete freedom of the Press is established. 3. The emergency ordinances with respect to rights of assembly and association are abolished. Complete freedom of assembly and association, without distinction of sex, is established.

Article 30(1) Freedom of expression of thoughts, opinions, or beliefs, and freedom of any creation, by words, in writing, in pictures, by sounds or other means of communication in public are inviolable. (2) Any censorship shall be prohibited. (3) Freedom of the press also involves the free setting up of publications. (4) No publication shall be suppressed. (5) The law may impose upon the mass media the obligation to make public their financing source. (6) Freedom of expression shall not be prejudicial to the dignity, honour, privacy of a person, and to the right to one's own image. (7) Any defamation of the country and the nation, any instigation to a war of aggression, to national, racial, class or religious hatred, any incitement to discrimination, territorial separatism, or public violence, as well as any obscene conduct contrary to morality shall be prohibited by law. (8) Civil liability for any information or creation made public falls upon the publisher or producer, the author, the producer of the artistic performance, the owner of the copying facilities, radio or television station, under the terms laid down by law. Indictable offences of the press shall be established by law.

Article 31 (1) A person's right of access to any information of public interest shall not be restricted. (2) The public authorities, according to their competence, shall be bound to provide correct information to the citizens in public affairs and matters of personal interest. (3) The right to information shall not be prejudicial to the measures of protection of young people or national security. (4) Public and private media shall be bound to provide correct information to the public opinion. (5) Public radio and television services shall be autonomous. They must guarantee any important social and political group the exercise of the right to broadcasting time. The organization of these services and the parliamentary control over their activity shall be regulated by an organic law.

Article 26(1) The freedom of expression and the right to information are guaranteed. (2) Everyone has the right to express his opinion in words, writing, print, images or by other means as well as the right to seek, receive and disseminate ideas and information freely, regardless of the state borders. No approval process is required for press publishing. Entrepreneurial activity in the field of radio and television broadcasting may be subject to permission from the State. The conditions shall be laid down by law. (3) Censorship is prohibited. (4) The freedom of expression and the right to seek and disseminate information may be restricted by law only if such measures is necessary in a democratic society to protect the rights and freedoms of others, State security, public order, protection of health and morals. (5) Public authority bodies are obliged to provide information about their activities in an appropriate manner and in the State language. The conditions and manner of exection shall be laid down by law.

Article 39 Freedom of expression of thought, freedom of speech and public appearance, of the press and other forms of public communication and expression shall be guaranteed. Everyone may freely collect, receive and disseminate information and opinions. Except in such cases as are provided by law, everyone has the right to obtain information of a public nature in which he has a well founded legal interest under law.
Article 40 The right to correct published information which has damaged a right or interest of an individual, organisation or body shall be guaranteed, as shall be the right to reply to such published information.

Artículo 20 1. Se reconocen y protegen los derechos: a) A expresar y difundir libremente los pensamientos, ideas y opiniones mediante la palabra, el escrito o cualquier otro medio de reproducción. b) A la producción y creación literaria, artística, científica y técnica.c) A la libertad de cátedra. d) A comunicar o recibir libremente información veraz por cualquier medio de difusión. La ley regulará el derecho a la cláusula de conciencia y al secreto profesional en el ejercicio de estas libertades. 2. El ejercicio de estos derechos no puede restringirse mediante ningún tipo de censura previa. 3. La ley regulará la organización y el control parlamentario de los medios de comunicación social dependientes del Estado o de cualquier ente público y garantizará el acceso a dichos medios de los grupos sociales y políticos significativos, respetando el pluralismo de la sociedad y de las diversas lenguas de España. 4. Estas libertades tienen su límite en el respeto a los derechos reconocidos en este Título, en los preceptos de las leyes que lo desarrollan y, especialmente, en el derecho al honor, a la intimidad, a la propia imagen y a la protección de la juventud y de la infancia. 5. Sólo podrá acordarse el secuestro de publicaciones, grabaciones y otros medios de información en virtud de resolución judicial.

12 § Sananvapaus ja julkisuus Jokaisella on sananvapaus. Sananvapauteen sisältyy oikeus ilmaista, julkistaa ja vastaanottaa tietoja, mielipiteitä ja muita viestejä kenenkään ennakolta estämättä. Tarkempia säännöksiä sananvapauden käyttämisestä annetaan lailla. Lailla voidaan säätää kuvaohjelmia koskevia lasten suojelemiseksi välttämättömiä rajoituksia. Viranomaisen hallussa olevat asiakirjat ja muut tallenteet ovat julkisia, jollei niiden julkisuutta ole välttämättömien syiden vuoksi lailla erikseen rajoitettu. Jokaisella on oikeus saada tieto julkisesta asiakirjasta ja tallenteesta.

Article 19Freedom of worship, its public practice and freedom to demonstrate one’s opinions on all matters are guaranteed, but offences committed when this freedom is used may be punished.Article 25The press is free; censorship can never be introduced; no security can be demanded from authors, publishers or printers.When the author is known and resident in Belgium, neither the publisher, the printer nor the distributor can be prosecuted.

Article 19
1. Every person has the right to freedom of speech and expression in any form.
2. This right includes freedom to hold opinions and receive and impart information and ideas without interference by any public authority and regardless of frontiers.
3. The exercise of the rights provided in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary only in the interests of the security of the Republic or the constitutional order or the public safety or the public order or the public health or the public morals or for the protection of the reputation or rights of others or for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary.
4. Seizure of newspapers or other printed matter is not allowed without the written permission of the Attorney-General of the Republic, which must be confirmed by the decision of a competent court within a period not exceeding seventy-two hours, failing which the seizure shall be lifted.
5. Nothing in this Article contained shall prevent the Republic from requiring the licensing of sound and vision broadcasting or cinema enterprises.

Section 77. Any person shall be at liberty to publish his ideas in print, in writing, and in speech, subject to his being held responsible in a court of law. Censorship and other preventive measures shall never again be introduced.

Chapter 1 - On the freedom of press: Article 1 The freedom of the press is understood to mean the right of every Swedish citizen to publish written matter, without prior hindrance by a public authority or other public body, and not to be prosecuted thereafter on grounds of its content other than before a lawful court, or punished
therefore other than because the content contravenes an express provision of law, enacted to preserve public order without suppressing information to the public. (...); Article 2 No written matter shall be scrutinised prior to printing, nor shall it be permitted to prohibit the printing thereof. Nor shall it be permitted for a public authority or other public body to take any action not authorised under this Act to prevent the printing or publication of written matter, or its dissemination among the general public, on grounds of its content; Article 3 No person may be prosecuted, held liable under penal law, or held liable for damages, on account of an abuse of the freedom of the press or complicity therein, nor may the publication be confiscated or impounded other than as prescribed and in the cases specified in this Act.

 Article IX (Freedom and Responsibility) (1) Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression.
(2) Hungary shall recognise and protect the freedom and diversity of the press, and shall ensure the conditions for the free dissemination of information necessary for the formation of
democratic public opinion.
(3) In the interest of the appropriate provision of information as necessary during the electoral campaign period for the formation of democratic public opinion, political advertisements may only be published in media services free of charge, under conditions guaranteeing equal opportunities, laid down in a cardinal Act.
(4) The right to freedom of expression may not be exercised with the aim of violating the human
dignity of others.
(5) The right to freedom of expression may not be exercised with the aim of violating the dignity of the Hungarian nation or of any national, ethnic, racial or religious community. Persons belonging to such communities shall be entitled to enforce their claims in court against the expression of an opinion which violates the community, invoking the violation of their human dignity, as provided for by an Act.
(6) The detailed rules relating to the freedom of the press and the organ supervising media
services, press products and the communications market shall be laid down in a cardinal Act.

1 kapitlet - Om tryckfrihet 1 § Med tryckfrihet förstås varje svensk medborgares rätt att, utan några av myndighet eller annat allmänt organ i förväg lagda hinder, utgiva skrifter, att sedermera endast inför laglig domstol kunna tilltalas för deras innehåll, och att icke i annat fall kunna straffas därför, än om detta innehåll strider mot tydlig lag, given att bevara allmänt lugn, utan att återhålla allmän upplysning. I överensstämmelse med de i första stycket angivna grunderna för en allmän tryckfrihet och till säkerställande av ett fritt meningsutbyte och en allsidig upplysning skall det stå varje svensk medborgare fritt att, med iakttagande av de bestämmelser som äro i denna förordning meddelade till skydd för enskild rätt och allmän säkerhet, i tryckt skrift yttra sina tankar och åsikter, offentliggöra allmänna handlingar samt meddela uppgifter och underrättelser i vad ämne som helst. (...); 2 § Någon tryckningen föregående granskning av skrift eller något förbud mot tryckning därav må ej förekomma. Ej heller vare tillåtet för myndighet eller annat allmänt organ att på grund av skrifts innehåll, genom åtgärd som icke äger stöd i denna förordning, hindra tryckning eller utgivning av skriften eller dess spridning bland allmänheten; 3 § För missbruk av tryckfriheten eller medverkan däri må ej någon i annan ordning eller i annat fall än denna förordning bestämmer kunna tilltalas eller dömas till ansvar eller ersättningsskyldighet eller skriften konfiskeras eller läggas under beslag.

ΑΡΘΡΟΝ 19
1. Έκαστος έχει το δικαίωμα ελευθερίας του λόγου και της καθ’ οιονδήποτε τρόπον εκφράσεως.
2. Το δικαίωμα τούτο περιλαμβάνει την ελευθερίαν της γνώμης, της λήψεως και μεταδόσεως πληροφοριών και ιδεών άνευ επεμβάσεως οιασδήποτε δημοσίας αρχής και ανεξαρτήτως συνόρων.
3. Η ενάσκησις των δικαιωμάτων, περί ων η πρώτη και δευτέρα παράγραφος του παρόντος άρθρου, δύναται να υποβληθή εις διατυπώσεις, όρους, περιορισμούς ή ποινάς προδιαγεγραμμένους υπό του νόμου και αναγκαίους μόνον προς το συμφέρον της ασφαλείας της Δημοκρατίας ή της συνταγματικής τάξεως ή της δημοσίας ασφαλείας ή της δημοσίας τάξεως ή της δημοσίας υγιείας ή των δημοσίων ηθών ή προς προστασίαν της υπολήψεως ή των δικαιωμάτων άλλων ή προς παρεμπόδισιν της αποκαλύψεως πληροφοριών ληφθεισών εμπιστευτικώς ή προς διατήρησιν του κύρους και της αμεροληψίας της δικαστικής εξουσίας.
4. Η κατάσχεσις εφημερίδων ή άλλων εντύπων δεν επιτρέπεται άνευ εγγράφου αδείας του γενικού εισαγγελέως της Δημοκρατίας, ήτις δέον να επικυρωθή δι’ αποφάσεως αρμοδίου δικαστηρίου εντός εβδομήκοντα δύο ωρών το βραδύτερον, εν περιπτώσει δε μη επικυρώσεως αίρεται η κατάσχεσις.
5. Ουδέν εκ των διαλαμβανομένων εις το παρόν άρθρον εμποδίζει την Δημοκρατίαν ν’ απαιτή την έκδοσιν αδείας ή λειτουργίας επιχειρήσεων ραδιοφωνικών ή κινηματογραφικών ή τηλεοράσεως.

Članak 38.
Jamči se sloboda mišljenja i izražavanja misli.
Sloboda izražavanja misli obuhvaća osobito slobodu tiska i drugih sredstava priopćavanja, slobodu govora i javnog nastupa i slobodno osnivanje svih ustanova javnog priopćavanja.
Zabranjuje se cenzura. Novinari imaju pravo na slobodu izvještavanja i pristupa informaciji.
Jamči se pravo na pristup informacijama koje posjeduju tijela javne vlasti. Ograničenja prava na pristup informacijama moraju biti razmjerna naravi potrebe za ograničenjem u svakom pojedinom slučaju te nužna u slobodnom i demokratskom društvu, a propisuju se zakonom.
Jamči se pravo na ispravak svakomu komu je javnom viješću povrijeđeno Ustavom i zakonom utvrđeno pravo.

1 kapitlet - Grundläggande bestämmelser: 1 § Varje svensk medborgare är gentemot det allmänna tillförsäkrad rätt enligt denna grundlag att i ljudradio, television och vissa liknande överföringar, offentliga uppspelningar ur en databas samt filmer, videogram, ljudupptagningar och andra tekniska upptagningar offentligen uttrycka tankar, åsikter och känslor och i övrigt lämna uppgifter i vilket ämne som helst. Yttrandefriheten enligt denna grundlag har till ändamål att säkra ett fritt meningsutbyte, en fri och allsidig upplysning och ett fritt konstnärligt skapande. I den får inga andra begränsningar göras än de som följer av denna grundlag. (...); 2 § Varje svensk medborgare är tillförsäkrad rätt att till författare och andra upphovsmän samt till utgivare, redaktioner, nyhetsbyråer och företag för framställning av tekniska upptagningar lämna uppgifter i vilket ämne som helst för offentliggörande i radioprogram och sådana upptagningar. Han har också rätt att anskaffa uppgifter i vilket ämne som helst för sådant uppgiftslämnande eller offentliggörande. I dessa rättigheter får inga andra begränsningar göras än de som följer av denna grundlag; 3 § Det får inte förekomma att något som är avsett att framföras i ett radioprogram eller en teknisk upptagning först måste granskas av en myndighet eller något annat allmänt organ. Inte heller är det tillåtet för myndigheter och andra allmänna organ att utan stöd i denna grundlag, på grund av det kända eller väntade innehållet i ett radioprogram eller en teknisk upptagning, förbjuda eller hindra dess offentliggörande eller spridning bland allmänheten.(...)

§ 1 Predmet úpravy - Tento zákon upravuje podmienky, postup a rozsah slobodného prístupu k informáciám.

Άρθρο 5 (1). Kαθένας έχει δικαίωμα να αναπτύσσει ελεύθερα την πρoσωπικότητά τoυ και να συμμετέχει στην κoινωνική, oικoνoμική και πoλιτική ζωή της Xώρας, εφόσoν δεν πρoσβάλλει τα δικαιώματα των άλλων και δεν παραβιάζει τo Σύνταγμα ή τα χρηστά ήθη. (2). Όλoι όσoι βρίσκoνται στην Eλληνική Eπικράτεια απoλαμβάνoυν την απόλυτη πρoστασία της ζωής, της τιμής και της ελευθερίας τoυς, χωρίς διάκριση εθνικότητας, φυλής, γλώσσας και θρησκευτικών ή πoλιτικών πεπoιθήσεων. Eξαιρέσεις επιτρέπoνται στις περιπτώσεις πoυ πρoβλέπει τo διεθνές δίκαιo. Aπαγoρεύεται η έκδoση αλλoδαπoύ πoυ διώκεται για τη δράση τoυ υπέρ της ελευθερίας. (3). H πρoσωπική ελευθερία είναι απαραβίαστη. Kανένας δεν καταδιώκεται oύτε συλλαμβάνεται oύτε φυλακίζεται oύτε με oπoιoνδήπoτε άλλo τρόπo περιoρίζεται, παρά μόνo όταν και όπως oρίζει o νόμoς. [...] Άρθρο 14 (1). Kαθένας μπoρεί να εκφράζει και να διαδίδει πρoφoρικά, γραπτά και δια τoυ τύπoυ τoυς στoχασμoύς τoυ τηρώντας τoυς νόμoυς τoυ Kράτoυς. (2). O τύπoς είναι ελεύθερoς. H λoγoκρισία και κάθε άλλo πρoληπτικό μέτρo απαγoρεύoνται. (3). H κατάσχεση εφημερίδων και άλλων εντύπων, είτε πριν από την κυκλoφoρία είτε ύστερα από αυτή, απαγoρεύεται. Kατ’ εξαίρεση επιτρέπεται η κατάσχεση, με παραγγελία τoυ εισαγγελέα, μετά την κυκλoφoρία: α) για πρoσβoλή της χριστιανικής και κάθε άλλης γνωστής θρησκείας, β) για πρoσβoλή τoυ πρoσώπoυ τoυ Πρoέδρoυ της Δημoκρατίας, γ) για δημoσίευμα πoυ απoκαλύπτει πληρoφoρίες για τη σύνθεση, τoν εξoπλισμό και τη διάταξη των ενόπλων δυνάμεων ή την oχύρωση της Xώρας ή πoυ έχει σκoπό τη βίαιη ανατρoπή τoυ πoλιτεύματoς ή στρέφεται κατά της εδαφικής ακεραιότητας τoυ Kράτoυς, δ) για άσεμνα δημoσιεύματα πoυ πρoσβάλλoυν oλoφάνερα τη δημόσια αιδώ, στις περιπτώσεις πoυ oρίζει o νόμoς. [...] Άρθρο 15 (1). Oι πρoστατευτικές για τoν τύπo διατάξεις τoυ πρoηγoύμενoυ άρθρoυ δεν εφαρμόζoνται στoν κινηματoγράφo, τη φωνoγραφία, τη ραδιoφωνία, την τηλεόραση και κάθε άλλo παρεμφερές μέσo μετάδoσης λόγoυ ή παράστασης. (2). Η ραδιοφωνία και η τηλεόραση υπάγονται στον άμεσο έλεγχο του Κράτους. Ο έλεγχος και η επιβολή των διοικητικών κυρώσεων υπάγονται στην αποκλειστική αρμοδιότητα του Εθνικού Συμβουλίου Ραδιοτηλεόρασης που είναι ανεξάρτητη αρχή, όπως νόμος ορίζει. Ο άμεσος έλεγχος του Κράτους, που λαμβάνει και τη μορφή του καθεστώτος της προηγούμενης άδειας, έχει ως σκοπό την αντικειμενική και με ίσους όρους μετάδοση πληροφοριών και ειδήσεων, καθώς και προϊόντων του λόγου και της τέχνης, την εξασφάλιση της ποιοτικής στάθμης των προγραμμάτων που επιβάλλει η κοινωνική αποστολή της ραδιοφωνίας και της τηλεόρασης και η πολιτιστική ανάπτυξη της Χώρας, καθώς και το σεβασμό της αξίας του ανθρώπου και την προστασία της παιδικής ηλικίας και της νεότητας.[..]