Giustizia
Articolo 48 - Presunzione di innocenza e diritti della difesa
1. Ogni imputato è considerato innocente fino a quando la sua colpevolezza non sia stata legalmente provata. 2. Il rispetto dei diritti della difesa è garantito ad ogni imputato.
L'articolo 48 corrisponde all'articolo 6, paragrafi 2 e 3 della CEDU che recita:
`2. Ogni persona accusata di un reato è presunta innocente fino a quando la sua colpevolezza non sia stata legalmente accertata.
3. In particolare, ogni accusato ha diritto di:
a) essere informato, nel più breve tempo possibile, in una lingua a lui comprensibile e in modo dettagliato, della natura e dei motivi dell’accusa formulata a suo carico;
b) disporre del tempo e delle facilitazioni necessarie a preparare la sua difesa;
c) difendersi personalmente o avere l’assistenza di un difensore di sua scelta e, se non ha i mezzi per retribuire un difensore, poter essere assistito gratuitamente da un avvocato d’ufficio, quando lo esigono gli interessi della giustizia;
d) esaminare o far esaminare i testimoni a carico ed ottenere la convocazione e l’esame dei testimoni a discarico nelle stesse condizioni dei testimoni a carico;
e) farsi assistere gratuitamente da un interprete se non comprende o non parla la lingua usata in udienza.`. Conformemente all’articolo 52, paragrafo 3, questo diritto ha significato e portata identici al diritto garantito dalla CEDU.
Article 31. A person shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to the procedure established by law and declared guilty by an effective court judgment. A person charged with committing a crime shall have the right to a public and fair hearing of his case by an independent and impartial court. It shall be prohibited to compel anyone to give evidence against himself, or his family members or close relatives. Punishment may be imposed or applied only on the grounds established by law. No one may be punished twice for the same offence. A person suspected of committing a crime, as well as the accused, shall be guaranteed, from the moment of his apprehension or first interrogation, the right to defence, as well as the right to an advocate.
31 straipsnis. Asmuo laikomas nekaltu, kol jo kaltumas neįrodytas įstatymo nustatyta tvarka ir pripažintas įsiteisėjusiu teismo nuosprendžiu. Asmuo, kaltinamas padaręs nusikaltimą, turi teisę, kad jo bylą viešai ir teisingai išnagrinėtų nepriklausomas ir bešališkas teismas. Draudžiama versti duoti parodymus prieš save, savo šeimos narius ar artimus giminaičius. Bausmė gali būti skiriama ar taikoma tik remiantis įstatymu. Niekas negali būti baudžiamas už tą patį nusikaltimą antrą kartą. Asmeniui, kuris įtariamas padaręs nusikaltimą, ir kaltinamajam nuo jų sulaikymo arba pirmosios apklausos momento garantuojama teisė į gynybą, taip pat ir teisė turėti advokatą.
92. Everyone has the right to defend his or her rights and lawful interests in a fair court. Everyone shall be presumed innocent until his or her guilt has been established in accordance with law. Everyone, where his or her rights are violated without basis, has a right to commensurate compensation. Everyone has a right to the assistance of counsel.
92. Ikviens var aizstāvēt savas tiesības un likumiskās intereses taisnīgā tiesā. Ikviens uzskatāms par nevainīgu, iekams viņa vaina nav atzīta saskaņā ar likumu. Nepamatota tiesību aizskāruma gadījumā ikvienam ir tiesības uz atbilstīgu atlīdzinājumu. Ikvienam ir tiesības uz advokāta palīdzību.
Art. 24. Anyone may bring cases before a court of law in order to protect their rights under civil and administrative law. Defense is an inviolable right at every stage and instance of legal proceedings. The poor are entitled by law to proper means for action or defense in all courts. The law shall define the conditions and forms of reparation in case of judicial errors. Art. 27. (...) A defendant shall be considered not guilty until a final sentence has been passed. Art. 111. (...) In criminal law trials, the law provides that the alleged offender shall be promptly informed confidentially of the nature and reasons for the charges that are brought and shall have adequate time and conditions to prepare a defence. The defendant shall have the right to cross-examine or to have cross-examined before a judge the persons making accusations and to summon and examine persons for the defence in the same conditions as the prosecution, as well as the right to produce all other evidence in favour of the defence. The defendant is entitled to the assistance of an interpreter in the case that he or she does not speak or understand the language in which the court proceedings are conducted.
Art. 24. Tutti possono agire in giudizio per la tutela dei propri diritti e interessi legittimi. La difesa è diritto inviolabile in ogni stato e grado del procedimento. Sono assicurati ai non abbienti, con appositi istituti, i mezzi per agire e difendersi davanti ad ogni giurisdizione. La legge determina le condizioni e i modi per la riparazione degli errori giudiziari. Art. 27. (…) L'imputato non è considerato colpevole sino alla condanna definitiva. Art. 111. (...) Nel processo penale, la legge assicura che la persona accusata di un reato sia, nel più breve tempo possibile, informata riservatamente della natura e dei motivi dell'accusa elevata a suo carico; disponga del tempo e delle condizioni necessari per preparare la sua difesa; abbia la facoltà, davanti al giudice, di interrogare o di far interrogare le persone che rendono dichiarazioni a suo carico, di ottenere la convocazione e l'interrogatorio di persone a sua difesa nelle stesse condizioni dell'accusa e l'acquisizione di ogni altro mezzo di prova a suo favore; sia assistita da un interprete se non comprende o non parla la lingua impiegata nel processo. (...)
57. §(…)(2) A Magyar Köztársaságban senki sem tekinthető bűnösnek mindaddig, amíg büntetőjogi felelősségét a bíróság jogerős határozata nem állapította meg.(3) A büntetőeljárás alá vont személyeket az eljárás minden szakaszában megilleti a védelem joga. A védő nem vonható felelősségre a védelem ellátása során kifejtett véleménye miatt. (...)
Article 57(…) (2) In the Republic of Hungary no one shall be considered guilty until a court has rendered a final legal judgment determining criminal culpability.(3) Individuals subject to criminal proceedings are entitled to legal defense at all stages of the proceedings. Defense lawyers may not be held accountable for opinions expressed in the course of the defense. (…)
XXVIII. cikk (SZABADSÁG ÉS FELELŐSSÉG) […] (2) Senki nem tekinthető bűnösnek mindaddig, amíg büntetőjogi felelősségét a bíróság jogerős határozata nem állapította meg. (3) A büntetőeljárás alá vont személynek az eljárás minden szakaszában joga van a védelemhez. A védő nem vonható felelősségre a védelem ellátása során kifejtett véleménye miatt.
Article XXVIII (Freedom and Responsibility) […] (2) No one shall be considered guilty until his or her criminal liability has been established by the final decision of a court. (3) Persons subject to criminal proceedings shall have the right to defence at all stages of the procedure. Defence counsels shall not be held liable for their opinion expressed while providing legal defence.
Article 9 Tout homme étant présumé innocent jusqu’à ce qu’il ait été déclaré coupable, s’il est jugé indispensable de l’arrêter, toute rigueur qui ne serait pas nécessaire pour s’assurer de sa personne doit être sévèrement réprimée par la loi.
§ 7. Presumption of innocence (1) No one shall be presumed guilty of a criminal offence before a judgment of conviction has entered into force with regard to him or her. (2) No one is required to prove his or her innocence in a criminal proceeding. (3) A suspicion of guilt regarding a suspect or accused which has not been eliminated in a criminal proceeding shall be interpreted to the benefit of the suspect or accused.
Article 22. No one may be deemed guilty of a criminal offence before he or she has been convicted in a court and before the conviction has become final. No one is required to prove his or her innocence in criminal proceedings. No one may be compelled to testify against himself or herself, or against those closest to him or her.
§ 22. Kedagi ei tohi käsitada kuriteos süüdi olevana enne, kui tema kohta on jõustunud süüdimõistev kohtuotsus. Keegi ei ole kriminaalmenetluses kohustatud oma süütust tõendama. Kedagi ei tohi sundida tunnistama iseenda või oma lähedaste vastu.
§ 7. Süütuse presumptsioon. (1) Kedagi ei käsitata kuriteos süüdi olevana enne, kui tema kohta on jõustunud süüdimõistev kohtuotsus. (2) Kriminaalmenetluses ei ole keegi kohustatud tõendama oma süütust. (3) Kriminaalmenetluses kõrvaldamata kahtlus kahtlustatava või süüdistatava süüdiolekus tõlgendatakse tema kasuks.
Article 12 4. Every person charged with an offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law. 5. Every person charged with an offence has the following minimum rights: - (a) to be informed promptly and in a language which he understands and in detail of the nature and grounds of the charge preferred against him; (b) to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence; (c) to defend himself in person or through a lawyer of his own choosing or, if he has no sufficient means to pay for legal assistance, to be given free legal assistance when the interests of justice so require; (d) to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him; (e) to have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court.
Αρθρο 12 4. Ο κατηγορούμενος δι’ αδίκημά τι θεωρείται αθώος, μέχρις ου αποδειχθή ένοχος συμφώνως προς τον νόμον. 5. Πας κατηγορούμενος δι’ αδίκημά τι έχει τα ακόλουθα κατ’ ελάχιστον όρον δικαιώματα: (α) να πληροφορηθή εις καταληπτήν υπ’ αυτού γλώσσαν αμέσως και λεπτομερώς την φύσιν και τους λόγους της εις αυτόν αποδιδομένης κατηγορίας, (β) να έχη επαρκή χρόνον και διευκόλυνσιν διά την προπαρασκευήν της υπερασπίσεως αυτού, (γ) να υπερασπίζη εαυτόν αυτοπροσώπως ή διά συνηγόρου της εκλογής αυτού ή, εφ’ όσον δεν έχη επαρκή προς αμοιβήν του συνηγόρου μέσα, να παρέχηται εις αυτόν δωρεάν νομική αρωγή, όταν τούτο επιβάλλη το συμφέρον της δικαιοσύνης, (δ) να εξετάζη ή να προκαλή την εξέτασιν μαρτύρων κατηγορίας και να ζητή την προσέλευσιν και εξέτασιν μαρτύρων υπερασπίσεως υπό τους αυτούς όρους τους ισχύοντας ως προς τους μάρτυρας κατηγορίας, (ε) να έχη δωρεάν συμπαράστασιν διερμηνέως, εφ’ όσον δεν δύναται να κατανοήση ή να ομιλή την εν τω δικαστηρίω χρησιμοποιουμένην γλώσσαν.
Article 28 Everyone is presumed innocent and may not be held guilty of a criminal offence until such guilt is proven by a binding court judgment.
Article 29 (2)In the case of suspicion or accusation of a criminal offence, the suspected, accused or indicted person shall be entitled: – to be informed in detail and in a language he/she understands, within the shortest possible term, of the nature and grounds for the charges against him/her and the evidence incriminating him/her, – to have adequate time and opportunity to prepare his/her defence, – to defence counsel and unrestricted communication therewith, and to be informed of this right, – to mount his/her own defence independently or with the assistance of a defence counsel of his/her own choice, and if he/she lacks the resources to engage such counsel, to have free counsel provided under the conditions specified by law, – to be present at his/her trial insofar as he/she is at the disposal of the court, – to interrogate or to arrange for interrogation of witnesses for the prosecution and to demand the attendance and questioning of defence witnesses under the same conditions which apply to witnesses for the prosecution, – to assistance by an interpreter free of charge insofar as he/she does not understand the language used in the court. (3)An admission of guilt may not be coerced from a suspected, accused or indicted individual. (4)Evidence obtained illegally may not be admitted in court proceedings.
Article 27 The legal profession, as an autonomous and independent service, shall provide everyone with legal aid in compliance with law.
Članak 28. Svatko je nedužan i nitko ga ne može smatrati krivim za kazneno djelo dok mu se pravomoćnom sudskom presudom ne utvrdi krivnja.
Članak 29. (2) U slučaju sumnje ili optužbe zbog kažnjivog djela osumnjičenik, okrivljenik ili optuženik ima pravo: – da u najkraćem roku bude obaviješten potanko i na jeziku koji razumije o naravi i razlozima optužbe koja se diže protiv njega i o dokazima koji ga terete, – da ima odgovarajuće vrijeme i mogućnost za pripremu obrane, – na branitelja i nesmetano uspostavljanje veze s braniteljem, i s tim pravom mora biti upoznat, – da se brani sam ili uz branitelja po vlastitom izboru, a ako nema dovoljno sredstava da plati branitelja, ima pravo na besplatnog branitelja pod uvjetom propisanim zakonom, – da mu se sudi u njegovoj nazočnosti, ukoliko je dostupan sudu, – da ispituje ili dade ispitati svjedoke optužbe i da zahtijeva da se osigura nazočnost i ispitivanje svjedoka obrane pod istim uvjetima kao i svjedoka optužbe, – na besplatnu pomoć tumača ako ne razumije ili ne govori jezik koji se upotrebljava na sudu.
(3)Osumnjičenik, okrivljenik i optuženik ne smije se siliti da prizna krivnju.
(4)Dokazi pribavljeni na nezakonit način ne mogu se uporabiti u sudskom postupku.
Članak 27. Odvjetništvo kao samostalna i neovisna služba osigurava svakome pravnu pomoć, u skladu sa zakonom.
Art. 30 [...] (4) Everyone shall be entitled to legal counsel from the moment of detention or from the moment of being charged.(5) Everyone shall be entitled to meet his legal counsel in private. The confidentiality of such communication shall be inviolable. Art. 31 [...] (2) No one shall be forced to plead guilty, and no one shall be convicted solely by virtue of confession.(3) A defendant shall be considered innocent until proven otherwise by a final verdict.(4) The rights of a defendant shall not be restricted beyond what is necessary for the purposes of a fair trial.Art. 56Everyone shall have the right to legal defence whenever his rights or legitimate interests are violated or endangered. He shall have the right to be accompanied by legal counsel when appearing before an agency of the State.
