eu-charter

Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’Unione europea

Articolo 48 - Presunzione di innocenza e diritti della difesa

Articolo 48 - Presunzione di innocenza e diritti della difesa

1. Ogni imputato è considerato innocente fino a quando la sua colpevolezza non sia stata legalmente provata. 2. Il rispetto dei diritti della difesa è garantito ad ogni imputato.

    • Text:

      L'articolo 48 corrisponde all'articolo 6, paragrafi 2 e 3 della CEDU che recita:

      `2. Ogni persona accusata di un reato è presunta innocente fino a quando la sua colpevolezza non sia stata legalmente accertata.

      3. In particolare, ogni accusato ha diritto di:

      a) essere informato, nel più breve tempo possibile, in una lingua a lui comprensibile e in modo dettagliato, della natura e dei motivi dell’accusa formulata a suo carico;

      b) disporre del tempo e delle facilitazioni necessarie a preparare la sua difesa;

      c) difendersi personalmente o avere l’assistenza di un difensore di sua scelta e, se non ha i mezzi per retribuire un difensore, poter essere assistito gratuitamente da un avvocato d’ufficio, quando lo esigono gli interessi della giustizia;

      d) esaminare o far esaminare i testimoni a carico ed ottenere la convocazione e l’esame dei testimoni a discarico nelle stesse condizioni dei testimoni a carico;

      e) farsi assistere gratuitamente da un interprete se non comprende o non parla la lingua usata in udienza.`. Conformemente all’articolo 52, paragrafo 3, questo diritto ha significato e portata identici al diritto garantito dalla CEDU.

      Source:
      Gazzetta ufficiale dell'Unione europea C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
      Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
      Le presenti spiegazioni erano state elaborate, nella versione iniziale, sotto l'autorità del praesidium della Convenzione che aveva redatto la Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’Unione europea e sono ora state aggiornate sotto la responsabilità del praesidium della Convenzione europea, sulla scorta degli adeguamenti redazionali che quest’ultima Convenzione ha apportato al testo della Carta (in particolare agli articoli 51 e 52) e dell’evoluzione del diritto dell’Unione. Benché non abbiano di per sé status di legge, esse rappresentano un prezioso strumento d’interpretazione destinato a chiarire le disposizioni della Carta.
    • IP and Others v Spetsializirana prokuratura
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Court (Eigth Chamber)
      Type:
      Policy area:
      Justice, freedom and security
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:C:2023:275
    • D.K.K. vs the National Assembly of the Republic of Bulgaria (Народно събрание на Република България) and alternatively (if this claim is not successful) vs the Director of the Customs Agency (Агенция „Митници“)
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      National Court/Tribunal
      Deciding body:
      Regional Court – Varna
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:BG:RC311:2023:20210106972.001
    • Dual Prod SRL v Direcţia Generală Regională a Finanţelor Publice Cluj-Napoca - Comisia regională pentru autorizarea operatorilor de produse supuse accizelor armonizate
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Court (Fourth Chamber)
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      Justice, freedom and security
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:C:2023:234
    • Criminal proceedings against V.S.
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Court (Fifth Chamber)
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      Justice, freedom and security
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:C:2023:49
    • Zammit Joseph vs. Kummisarju Tal-Pulizija Et
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      National Court/Tribunal
      Deciding body:
      Court of Appeal (Civil, Superior)
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      Justice, freedom and security
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:MT:ACIV:2022:132839
    • Re. the application for the extradition of ΧΧΧ Laverty, ΧΧΧ Georgiou, ΧΧΧ Mardell, ΧΧΧ Georgiou, ΧΧΧ Gillie dated 28.3.22 (Interim decision)
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      National Court/Tribunal
      Deciding body:
      District Court of Paphos
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      Justice, freedom and security
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:CY:EDPAF:2022:B19
    • Hungary v European Parliament and Council of the European Union
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Court (Full Court)
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      Institutional affairs
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:C:2022:97
    • Republic of Poland v European Parliament and Council of the European Union
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Court (Full Court)
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      Internal market
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:C:2022:98
    • Criminal proceedings against IS.
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Court (Grand Chamber)
      Type:
      Policy area:
      Justice, freedom and security
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:C:2021:949
    • Criminal proceedings against ZX
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Court (Tenth Chamber)
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      Justice, freedom and security
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:C:2021:874

    43 results found

    • Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania
      Paese:
      Lithuania

      Article 31. A person shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to the procedure established by law and declared guilty by an effective court judgment. A person charged with committing a crime shall have the right to a public and fair hearing of his case by an independent and impartial court. It shall be prohibited to compel anyone to give evidence against himself, or his family members or close relatives. Punishment may be imposed or applied only on the grounds established by law. No one may be punished twice for the same offence. A person suspected of committing a crime, as well as the accused, shall be guaranteed, from the moment of his apprehension or first interrogation, the right to defence, as well as the right to an advocate.

    • Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija
      Paese:
      Lithuania

      31 straipsnis. Asmuo laikomas nekaltu, kol jo kaltumas neįrodytas įstatymo nustatyta tvarka ir pripažintas įsiteisėjusiu teismo nuosprendžiu. Asmuo, kaltinamas padaręs nusikaltimą, turi teisę, kad jo bylą viešai ir teisingai išnagrinėtų nepriklausomas ir bešališkas teismas. Draudžiama versti duoti parodymus prieš save, savo šeimos narius ar artimus giminaičius. Bausmė gali būti skiriama ar taikoma tik remiantis įstatymu. Niekas negali būti baudžiamas už tą patį nusikaltimą antrą kartą. Asmeniui, kuris įtariamas padaręs nusikaltimą, ir kaltinamajam nuo jų sulaikymo arba pirmosios apklausos momento garantuojama teisė į gynybą, taip pat ir teisė turėti advokatą.

    • Constitution of the Republic of Latvia
      Paese:
      Latvia

      92. Everyone has the right to defend his or her rights and lawful interests in a fair court. Everyone shall be presumed innocent until his or her guilt has been established in accordance with law. Everyone, where his or her rights are violated without basis, has a right to commensurate compensation. Everyone has a right to the assistance of counsel.

    • Latvijas Republikas Satversme
      Paese:
      Latvia

      92. Ikviens var aizstāvēt savas tiesības un likumiskās intereses taisnīgā tiesā. Ikviens uzskatāms par nevainīgu, iekams viņa vaina nav atzīta saskaņā ar likumu. Nepamatota tiesību aizskāruma gadījumā ikvienam ir tiesības uz atbilstīgu atlīdzinājumu. Ikvienam ir tiesības uz advokāta palīdzību.

    • Constitution of the Italian Republic
      Paese:
      Italy

      Art. 24. Anyone may bring cases before a court of law in order to protect their rights under civil and administrative law. Defense is an inviolable right at every stage and instance of legal proceedings. The poor are entitled by law to proper means for action or defense in all courts. The law shall define the conditions and forms of reparation in case of judicial errors. Art. 27. (...) A defendant shall be considered not guilty until a final sentence has been passed. Art. 111. (...) In criminal law trials, the law provides that the alleged offender shall be promptly informed confidentially of the nature and reasons for the charges that are brought and shall have adequate time and conditions to prepare a defence. The defendant shall have the right to cross-examine or to have cross-examined before a judge the persons making accusations and to summon and examine persons for the defence in the same conditions as the prosecution, as well as the right to produce all other evidence in favour of the defence. The defendant is entitled to the assistance of an interpreter in the case that he or she does not speak or understand the language in which the court proceedings are conducted.

    • Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana
      Paese:
      Italy

      Art. 24. Tutti possono agire in giudizio per la tutela dei propri diritti e interessi legittimi. La difesa è diritto inviolabile in ogni stato e grado del procedimento. Sono assicurati ai non abbienti, con appositi istituti, i mezzi per agire e difendersi davanti ad ogni giurisdizione. La legge determina le condizioni e i modi per la riparazione degli errori giudiziari. Art. 27. (…) L'imputato non è considerato colpevole sino alla condanna definitiva. Art. 111. (...) Nel processo penale, la legge assicura che la persona accusata di un reato sia, nel più breve tempo possibile, informata riservatamente della natura e dei motivi dell'accusa elevata a suo carico; disponga del tempo e delle condizioni necessari per preparare la sua difesa; abbia la facoltà, davanti al giudice, di interrogare o di far interrogare le persone che rendono dichiarazioni a suo carico, di ottenere la convocazione e l'interrogatorio di persone a sua difesa nelle stesse condizioni dell'accusa e l'acquisizione di ogni altro mezzo di prova a suo favore; sia assistita da un interprete se non comprende o non parla la lingua impiegata nel processo. (...)

    • A Magyar Köztársaság Alkotmánya
      Paese:
      Hungary

      57. §(…)(2) A Magyar Köztársaságban senki sem tekinthető bűnösnek mindaddig, amíg büntetőjogi felelősségét a bíróság jogerős határozata nem állapította meg.(3) A büntetőeljárás alá vont személyeket az eljárás minden szakaszában megilleti a védelem joga. A védő nem vonható felelősségre a védelem ellátása során kifejtett véleménye miatt. (...)

    • Constitution of the Republic of Hungary
      Paese:
      Hungary

      Article 57(…) (2) In the Republic of Hungary no one shall be considered guilty until a court has rendered a final legal judgment determining criminal culpability.(3) Individuals subject to criminal proceedings are entitled to legal defense at all stages of the proceedings. Defense lawyers may not be held accountable for opinions expressed in the course of the defense. (…)

    • Magyarország Alaptörvénye
      Paese:
      Hungary

      XXVIII. cikk (SZABADSÁG ÉS FELELŐSSÉG) […] (2) Senki nem tekinthető bűnösnek mindaddig, amíg büntetőjogi felelősségét a bíróság jogerős határozata nem állapította meg.
      (3) A büntetőeljárás alá vont személynek az eljárás minden szakaszában joga van a védelemhez. A védő nem vonható felelősségre a védelem ellátása során kifejtett véleménye miatt.

    • The Fundamental Law of Hungary
      Paese:
      Hungary

      Article XXVIII (Freedom and Responsibility) […] (2) No one shall be considered guilty until his or her criminal liability has been established by the final decision of a court.
      (3) Persons subject to criminal proceedings shall have the right to defence at all stages of the procedure. Defence counsels shall not be held liable for their opinion expressed while providing legal defence.

    • Declaration des Droits de l’Homme et du Citoyen du 26 août 1789
      Paese:
      France

      Article 9 Tout homme étant présumé innocent jusqu’à ce qu’il ait été déclaré coupable, s’il est jugé indispensable de l’arrêter, toute rigueur qui ne serait pas nécessaire pour s’assurer de sa personne doit être sévèrement réprimée par la loi.

    • Code of Criminal Procedure
      Paese:
      Estonia

      § 7. Presumption of innocence
      (1) No one shall be presumed guilty of a criminal offence before a judgment of conviction has entered into force with regard to him or her.
      (2) No one is required to prove his or her innocence in a criminal proceeding.
      (3) A suspicion of guilt regarding a suspect or accused which has not been eliminated in a criminal proceeding shall be interpreted to the benefit of the suspect or accused.

    • Constitution of the Republic of Estonia
      Paese:
      Estonia

      Article 22. No one may be deemed guilty of a criminal offence before he or she has been convicted in a court and before the conviction has become final.
      No one is required to prove his or her innocence in criminal proceedings.
      No one may be compelled to testify against himself or herself, or against those closest to him or her.

    • Eesti Vabariigi Põhiseadus
      Paese:
      Estonia

      § 22. Kedagi ei tohi käsitada kuriteos süüdi olevana enne, kui tema kohta on jõustunud süüdimõistev kohtuotsus. Keegi ei ole kriminaalmenetluses kohustatud oma süütust tõendama. Kedagi ei tohi sundida tunnistama iseenda või oma lähedaste vastu. 

    • Kriminaalmenetluse seadustik
      Paese:
      Estonia

      § 7. Süütuse presumptsioon.
      (1) Kedagi ei käsitata kuriteos süüdi olevana enne, kui tema kohta on jõustunud süüdimõistev kohtuotsus.
      (2) Kriminaalmenetluses ei ole keegi kohustatud tõendama oma süütust.
      (3) Kriminaalmenetluses kõrvaldamata kahtlus kahtlustatava või süüdistatava süüdiolekus tõlgendatakse tema kasuks.

    • The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus
      Paese:
      Cyprus

      Article 12
      4. Every person charged with an offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.
      5. Every person charged with an offence has the following minimum rights: -
      (a) to be informed promptly and in a language which he understands and in detail of the nature and grounds of the charge preferred against him;
      (b) to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence;
      (c) to defend himself in person or through a lawyer of his own choosing or, if he has no sufficient means to pay for legal assistance, to be given free legal assistance when the interests of justice so require;
      (d) to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;
      (e) to have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court.

    • Tο Σύνταγμα της Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας
      Paese:
      Cyprus

      Αρθρο 12
      4. Ο κατηγορούμενος δι’ αδίκημά τι θεωρείται αθώος, μέχρις ου αποδειχθή ένοχος συμφώνως προς τον νόμον. 5. Πας κατηγορούμενος δι’ αδίκημά τι έχει τα ακόλουθα κατ’ ελάχιστον όρον δικαιώματα:
      (α) να πληροφορηθή εις καταληπτήν υπ’ αυτού γλώσσαν αμέσως και λεπτομερώς την φύσιν και τους λόγους της εις αυτόν αποδιδομένης κατηγορίας,
      (β) να έχη επαρκή χρόνον και διευκόλυνσιν διά την προπαρασκευήν της υπερασπίσεως αυτού,
      (γ) να υπερασπίζη εαυτόν αυτοπροσώπως ή διά συνηγόρου της εκλογής αυτού ή, εφ’ όσον δεν έχη επαρκή προς αμοιβήν του συνηγόρου μέσα, να παρέχηται εις αυτόν δωρεάν νομική αρωγή, όταν τούτο επιβάλλη το συμφέρον της δικαιοσύνης,
      (δ) να εξετάζη ή να προκαλή την εξέτασιν μαρτύρων κατηγορίας και να ζητή την προσέλευσιν και εξέτασιν μαρτύρων υπερασπίσεως υπό τους αυτούς όρους τους ισχύοντας ως προς τους μάρτυρας κατηγορίας,
      (ε) να έχη δωρεάν συμπαράστασιν διερμηνέως, εφ’ όσον δεν δύναται να κατανοήση ή να ομιλή την εν τω δικαστηρίω χρησιμοποιουμένην γλώσσαν.

    • Constitution of the Republic of Croatia
      Paese:
      Croatia

      Article 28
      Everyone is presumed innocent and may not be held guilty of a criminal offence until such guilt is proven by a binding court judgment.

      Article 29
      (2)In the case of suspicion or accusation of a criminal offence, the suspected, accused or indicted
      person shall be entitled:
      – to be informed in detail and in a language he/she understands, within the shortest possible
      term, of the nature and grounds for the charges against him/her and the evidence incriminating
      him/her,
      – to have adequate time and opportunity to prepare his/her defence,
      – to defence counsel and unrestricted communication therewith, and to be informed of this
      right,
      – to mount his/her own defence independently or with the assistance of a defence counsel of
      his/her own choice, and if he/she lacks the resources to engage such counsel, to have free
      counsel provided under the conditions specified by law,
      – to be present at his/her trial insofar as he/she is at the disposal of the court,
      – to interrogate or to arrange for interrogation of witnesses for the prosecution and to demand
      the attendance and questioning of defence witnesses under the same conditions which apply to
      witnesses for the prosecution,
      – to assistance by an interpreter free of charge insofar as he/she does not understand the
      language used in the court.
      (3)An admission of guilt may not be coerced from a suspected, accused or indicted individual.
      (4)Evidence obtained illegally may not be admitted in court proceedings.

      Article 27
      The legal profession, as an autonomous and independent service, shall provide everyone with legal aid in compliance with law.

    • Ustav Republike Hrvatske
      Paese:
      Croatia

      Članak 28.
      Svatko je nedužan i nitko ga ne može smatrati krivim za kazneno djelo dok mu se pravomoćnom sudskom presudom ne utvrdi krivnja.

      Članak 29.
      (2) U slučaju sumnje ili optužbe zbog kažnjivog djela osumnjičenik, okrivljenik ili optuženik ima pravo:
      – da u najkraćem roku bude obaviješten potanko i na jeziku koji razumije o naravi i razlozima optužbe koja se diže protiv njega i o dokazima koji ga terete,
      – da ima odgovarajuće vrijeme i mogućnost za pripremu obrane,
      – na branitelja i nesmetano uspostavljanje veze s braniteljem, i s tim pravom mora biti upoznat,
      – da se brani sam ili uz branitelja po vlastitom izboru, a ako nema dovoljno sredstava da plati branitelja, ima pravo na besplatnog branitelja pod uvjetom propisanim zakonom,
      – da mu se sudi u njegovoj nazočnosti, ukoliko je dostupan sudu,
      – da ispituje ili dade ispitati svjedoke optužbe i da zahtijeva da se osigura nazočnost i ispitivanje svjedoka obrane pod istim uvjetima kao i svjedoka optužbe,
      – na besplatnu pomoć tumača ako ne razumije ili ne govori jezik koji se upotrebljava na sudu.

      (3)Osumnjičenik, okrivljenik i optuženik ne smije se siliti da prizna krivnju.

      (4)Dokazi pribavljeni na nezakonit način ne mogu se uporabiti u sudskom postupku.

      Članak 27.
      Odvjetništvo kao samostalna i neovisna služba osigurava svakome pravnu pomoć, u skladu sa zakonom.

    • Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria
      Paese:
      Bulgaria

      Art. 30 [...] (4) Everyone shall be entitled to legal counsel from the moment of detention or from the moment of being charged.(5) Everyone shall be entitled to meet his legal counsel in private. The confidentiality of such communication shall be inviolable. Art. 31 [...] (2) No one shall be forced to plead guilty, and no one shall be convicted solely by virtue of confession.(3) A defendant shall be considered innocent until proven otherwise by a final verdict.(4) The rights of a defendant shall not be restricted beyond what is necessary for the purposes of a fair trial.Art. 56Everyone shall have the right to legal defence whenever his rights or legitimate interests are violated or endangered. He shall have the right to be accompanied by legal counsel when appearing before an agency of the State.

    12 results found

    • Directive (EU) 2016/343 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on the strengthening of certain aspects of the presumption of innocence and of the right to be present at the trial in criminal proceedings

      Preamble:

      (13) This Directive acknowledges the different needs and levels of protection of certain aspects of the presumption of innocence as regards natural and legal persons. As regards natural persons, such protection is reflected in wellestablished
      case-law of the European Court of Human Rights. The Court of Justice has, however, recognised that the rights flowing from the presumption of innocence do not accrue to legal persons in the same way as they do to natural persons.
      (14) At the current stage of development of national law and of case-law at national and Union level, it is premature to legislate at Union level on the presumption of innocence with regard to legal persons. This Directive should not, therefore, apply to legal persons. This should be without prejudice to the application of the presumption of innocence as laid down, in particular, in the ECHR and as interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights and by the Court of Justice, to legal persons.
      (15) The presumption of innocence with regard to legal persons should be ensured by the existing legislative safeguards and case-law, the evolution of which is to determine whether there is a need for Union action.
      (16) The presumption of innocence would be violated if public statements made by public authorities, or judicial decisions other than those on guilt, referred to a suspect or an accused person as being guilty, for as long as that person has not been proved guilty according to law. Such statements and judicial decisions should not reflect an opinion that that person is guilty. This should be without prejudice to acts of the prosecution which aim to prove the guilt of the suspect or accused person, such as the indictment, and without prejudice to judicial decisions as a result of which a suspended sentence takes effect, provided that the rights of the defence are
      respected. This should also be without prejudice to preliminary decisions of a procedural nature, which are taken by judicial or other competent authorities and are based on suspicion or on elements of incriminating evidence, such as decisions on pre-trial detention, provided that such decisions do not refer to the suspect or accused person as being guilty. Before taking a preliminary decision of a procedural nature the competent authority might first have to verify that there are sufficient elements of incriminating evidence against the suspect or accused person to justify the decision concerned, and the decision could contain reference to those elements.
      ...
      (46) In order to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of this Directive, Member States should send available data with regard to the implementation of the rights laid down in this Directive to the Commission. Such data could include records made by law enforcement and judicial authorities as regards remedies applied in the case of a
      breach of any of the aspects of the presumption of innocence covered by this Directive or of the right to be present at the trial.
      (47) This Directive upholds the fundamental rights and principles recognised by the Charter and by the ECHR, including the prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment, the right to liberty and security, respect for private and family life, the right to the integrity of the person, the rights of the child, the integration
      of persons with disabilities, the right to an effective remedy and the right to a fair trial, the presumption of innocence and the rights of the defence. Regard should be had, in particular, to Article 6 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), according to which the Union recognises the rights, freedoms and principles set out in the Charter, and according to which fundamental rights, as guaranteed by the ECHR and as they result from the constitutional traditions common to the Member States, are to constitute general principles of Union law.
      (48) As this Directive establishes minimum rules, Member States should be able to extend the rights laid down in this Directive in order to provide a higher level of protection. The level of protection provided for by Member States should never fall below the standards provided for by the Charter or by the ECHR, as interpreted by the Court of Justice and by the European Court of Human Rights.
      (49) Since the objectives of this Directive, namely setting common minimum rules for certain aspects of the presumption of innocence and for the right to be present at the trial in criminal proceedings, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States but can rather, by reason of its scale and effects, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 TEU. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives.
      ...
      Article 1. Subject matter:
      This directive lays down common minimum rules concerning:
      - certain aspects of the presumption of innocence in criminal proceedings;
      - the right to be present at the trial in criminal proceedings.
      ...
      Article 3. Presumption of innocence:
      Member States shall ensure that suspects and accused persons are presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.

    • Regulation (EU/Euratom) No 883/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 September 2013 concerning investigations conducted by the European Anti-Fraud office (OLAF) and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1073/1999 of the European Parliament an...

      Article 9. Procedural guarantees:
      1. In its investigations the Office shall seek evidence for and
      against the person concerned. Investigations shall be conducted
      objectively and impartially and in accordance with the principle
      of the presumption of innocence and with the procedural guarantees
      set out in this Article.