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Článek 48 - Presumpce neviny a právo na obhajobu

Článek 48 - Presumpce neviny a právo na obhajobu

  1. Každý obviněný se považuje za nevinného, dokud jeho vina nebyla prokázána zákonným způsobem.
  2. Každému obviněnému je zaručeno respektování práv na obhajobu.
    • Text:

      Článek 48 má totožné znění jako čl. 6 odst. 2 a 3 EÚLP, které znějí:

      „2. Každý, kdo je obviněn z trestného činu, se považuje za nevinného, dokud jeho vina nebyla prokázána zákonným způsobem.

      3. Každý, kdo je obviněn z trestného činu, má tato minimální práva:

      a) být neprodleně a v jazyce, jemuž rozumí, podrobně seznámen s povahou a důvodem obvinění proti němu;

      b) mít přiměřený čas a možnosti k přípravě své obhajoby;

      c) obhajovat se osobně nebo za pomoci obhájce podle vlastního výběru nebo, pokud nemá prostředky na zaplacení obhájce, aby mu byl poskytnut bezplatně, jestliže to zájmy spravedlnosti vyžadují;

      d) vyslýchat nebo dát vyslýchat svědky proti sobě a dosáhnout předvolání a výslech svědků ve svůj prospěch za stejných podmínek, jako svědků proti sobě;

      e) mít bezplatnou pomoc tlumočníka, jestliže nerozumí jazyku používanému před soudem nebo tímto jazykem nemluví.“

      V souladu s čl. 52 odst. 3 Listiny má toto právo stejný smysl a rozsah jako právo zaručené EÚLP.

      Source:
      Úřední věstník Evropské unie C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
      Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
      Tato vysvětlení byla původně vyhotovena pod vedením prezídia Konventu, který vypracoval Listinu základních práv Evropské unie. Byla aktualizována pod vedením prezídia Evropského konventu s ohledem na změny návrhu znění Listiny provedené Konventem (zejména článků 51 a 52) a na vývoj práva Unie. Ačkoliv sama nemají právní závaznost, jsou cenným výkladovým nástrojem pro vyjasnění ustanovení Listiny.
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    • Constitution of the Republic of Hungary
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      Article 57(…) (2) In the Republic of Hungary no one shall be considered guilty until a court has rendered a final legal judgment determining criminal culpability.(3) Individuals subject to criminal proceedings are entitled to legal defense at all stages of the proceedings. Defense lawyers may not be held accountable for opinions expressed in the course of the defense. (…)

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      Article XXVIII (Freedom and Responsibility) […] (2) No one shall be considered guilty until his or her criminal liability has been established by the final decision of a court.
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    • Declaration des Droits de l’Homme et du Citoyen du 26 août 1789
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      § 22. Kedagi ei tohi käsitada kuriteos süüdi olevana enne, kui tema kohta on jõustunud süüdimõistev kohtuotsus. Keegi ei ole kriminaalmenetluses kohustatud oma süütust tõendama. Kedagi ei tohi sundida tunnistama iseenda või oma lähedaste vastu. 

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      § 7. Süütuse presumptsioon.
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    • The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus
      Země:
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      Article 12
      4. Every person charged with an offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.
      5. Every person charged with an offence has the following minimum rights: -
      (a) to be informed promptly and in a language which he understands and in detail of the nature and grounds of the charge preferred against him;
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    • Tο Σύνταγμα της Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας
      Země:
      Cyprus

      Αρθρο 12
      4. Ο κατηγορούμενος δι’ αδίκημά τι θεωρείται αθώος, μέχρις ου αποδειχθή ένοχος συμφώνως προς τον νόμον. 5. Πας κατηγορούμενος δι’ αδίκημά τι έχει τα ακόλουθα κατ’ ελάχιστον όρον δικαιώματα:
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      (β) να έχη επαρκή χρόνον και διευκόλυνσιν διά την προπαρασκευήν της υπερασπίσεως αυτού,
      (γ) να υπερασπίζη εαυτόν αυτοπροσώπως ή διά συνηγόρου της εκλογής αυτού ή, εφ’ όσον δεν έχη επαρκή προς αμοιβήν του συνηγόρου μέσα, να παρέχηται εις αυτόν δωρεάν νομική αρωγή, όταν τούτο επιβάλλη το συμφέρον της δικαιοσύνης,
      (δ) να εξετάζη ή να προκαλή την εξέτασιν μαρτύρων κατηγορίας και να ζητή την προσέλευσιν και εξέτασιν μαρτύρων υπερασπίσεως υπό τους αυτούς όρους τους ισχύοντας ως προς τους μάρτυρας κατηγορίας,
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      Země:
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      Article 28
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      Article 29
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      – to be informed in detail and in a language he/she understands, within the shortest possible
      term, of the nature and grounds for the charges against him/her and the evidence incriminating
      him/her,
      – to have adequate time and opportunity to prepare his/her defence,
      – to defence counsel and unrestricted communication therewith, and to be informed of this
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      – to mount his/her own defence independently or with the assistance of a defence counsel of
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      (4)Evidence obtained illegally may not be admitted in court proceedings.

      Article 27
      The legal profession, as an autonomous and independent service, shall provide everyone with legal aid in compliance with law.

    • Ustav Republike Hrvatske
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      Croatia

      Članak 28.
      Svatko je nedužan i nitko ga ne može smatrati krivim za kazneno djelo dok mu se pravomoćnom sudskom presudom ne utvrdi krivnja.

      Članak 29.
      (2) U slučaju sumnje ili optužbe zbog kažnjivog djela osumnjičenik, okrivljenik ili optuženik ima pravo:
      – da u najkraćem roku bude obaviješten potanko i na jeziku koji razumije o naravi i razlozima optužbe koja se diže protiv njega i o dokazima koji ga terete,
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      – da se brani sam ili uz branitelja po vlastitom izboru, a ako nema dovoljno sredstava da plati branitelja, ima pravo na besplatnog branitelja pod uvjetom propisanim zakonom,
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      (3)Osumnjičenik, okrivljenik i optuženik ne smije se siliti da prizna krivnju.

      (4)Dokazi pribavljeni na nezakonit način ne mogu se uporabiti u sudskom postupku.

      Članak 27.
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      Země:
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      Art. 30 [...] (4) Everyone shall be entitled to legal counsel from the moment of detention or from the moment of being charged.(5) Everyone shall be entitled to meet his legal counsel in private. The confidentiality of such communication shall be inviolable. Art. 31 [...] (2) No one shall be forced to plead guilty, and no one shall be convicted solely by virtue of confession.(3) A defendant shall be considered innocent until proven otherwise by a final verdict.(4) The rights of a defendant shall not be restricted beyond what is necessary for the purposes of a fair trial.Art. 56Everyone shall have the right to legal defence whenever his rights or legitimate interests are violated or endangered. He shall have the right to be accompanied by legal counsel when appearing before an agency of the State.

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      Země:
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      Чл. 30 [...] (4) Всеки има право на адвокатска защита от момента на задържането му или на привличането му като обвиняем.(5) Всеки има право да се среща насаме с лицето, което го защитава. Тайната на техните съобщения е неприкосновена. Чл. 31 [...] (2) Никой не може да бъде принуждаван да се признае за виновен, нито да бъде осъден само въз основа на неговото самопризнание.(3) Обвиняемият се смята за невинен до установяване на противното с влязла в сила присъда.(4) Не се допускат ограничения на правата на обвиняемия, надхвърлящи необходимото за осъществяване на правосъдието.Чл. 56Всеки гражданин има право на защита, когато са нарушени или застрашени негови права или законни интереси. В държавните учреждения той може да се явява и със защитник.

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      Země:
      Austria

      Article 6 – Right to a fair trial

      1 In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. Judgment shall be pronounced publicly but the press and public may be excluded from all or part of the trial in the interests of morals, public order or national security in a democratic society, where the interests of juveniles or the protection of the private life of the parties so require, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice.

      2 Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.

      3 Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights:

      a to be informed promptly, in a language which he understands and in detail, of the nature and cause of the accusation against him;

      b to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence;

      c to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing or, if he has not sufficient means to pay for legal assistance, to be given it free when the interests of justice so require;

      d to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;

      e to have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court.

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      Země:
      Austria

      Artikel 6 (2) Bis zum gesetzlichen Nachweis seiner Schuld wird vermutet, daß der wegen einer strafbaren Handlung Angeklagte unschuldig ist.

    12 results found

    • Directive (EU) 2016/343 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on the strengthening of certain aspects of the presumption of innocence and of the right to be present at the trial in criminal proceedings

      Preamble:

      (13) This Directive acknowledges the different needs and levels of protection of certain aspects of the presumption of innocence as regards natural and legal persons. As regards natural persons, such protection is reflected in wellestablished
      case-law of the European Court of Human Rights. The Court of Justice has, however, recognised that the rights flowing from the presumption of innocence do not accrue to legal persons in the same way as they do to natural persons.
      (14) At the current stage of development of national law and of case-law at national and Union level, it is premature to legislate at Union level on the presumption of innocence with regard to legal persons. This Directive should not, therefore, apply to legal persons. This should be without prejudice to the application of the presumption of innocence as laid down, in particular, in the ECHR and as interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights and by the Court of Justice, to legal persons.
      (15) The presumption of innocence with regard to legal persons should be ensured by the existing legislative safeguards and case-law, the evolution of which is to determine whether there is a need for Union action.
      (16) The presumption of innocence would be violated if public statements made by public authorities, or judicial decisions other than those on guilt, referred to a suspect or an accused person as being guilty, for as long as that person has not been proved guilty according to law. Such statements and judicial decisions should not reflect an opinion that that person is guilty. This should be without prejudice to acts of the prosecution which aim to prove the guilt of the suspect or accused person, such as the indictment, and without prejudice to judicial decisions as a result of which a suspended sentence takes effect, provided that the rights of the defence are
      respected. This should also be without prejudice to preliminary decisions of a procedural nature, which are taken by judicial or other competent authorities and are based on suspicion or on elements of incriminating evidence, such as decisions on pre-trial detention, provided that such decisions do not refer to the suspect or accused person as being guilty. Before taking a preliminary decision of a procedural nature the competent authority might first have to verify that there are sufficient elements of incriminating evidence against the suspect or accused person to justify the decision concerned, and the decision could contain reference to those elements.
      ...
      (46) In order to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of this Directive, Member States should send available data with regard to the implementation of the rights laid down in this Directive to the Commission. Such data could include records made by law enforcement and judicial authorities as regards remedies applied in the case of a
      breach of any of the aspects of the presumption of innocence covered by this Directive or of the right to be present at the trial.
      (47) This Directive upholds the fundamental rights and principles recognised by the Charter and by the ECHR, including the prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment, the right to liberty and security, respect for private and family life, the right to the integrity of the person, the rights of the child, the integration
      of persons with disabilities, the right to an effective remedy and the right to a fair trial, the presumption of innocence and the rights of the defence. Regard should be had, in particular, to Article 6 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU), according to which the Union recognises the rights, freedoms and principles set out in the Charter, and according to which fundamental rights, as guaranteed by the ECHR and as they result from the constitutional traditions common to the Member States, are to constitute general principles of Union law.
      (48) As this Directive establishes minimum rules, Member States should be able to extend the rights laid down in this Directive in order to provide a higher level of protection. The level of protection provided for by Member States should never fall below the standards provided for by the Charter or by the ECHR, as interpreted by the Court of Justice and by the European Court of Human Rights.
      (49) Since the objectives of this Directive, namely setting common minimum rules for certain aspects of the presumption of innocence and for the right to be present at the trial in criminal proceedings, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States but can rather, by reason of its scale and effects, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 TEU. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives.
      ...
      Article 1. Subject matter:
      This directive lays down common minimum rules concerning:
      - certain aspects of the presumption of innocence in criminal proceedings;
      - the right to be present at the trial in criminal proceedings.
      ...
      Article 3. Presumption of innocence:
      Member States shall ensure that suspects and accused persons are presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.

    • Regulation (EU/Euratom) No 883/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 September 2013 concerning investigations conducted by the European Anti-Fraud office (OLAF) and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1073/1999 of the European Parliament an...

      Article 9. Procedural guarantees:
      1. In its investigations the Office shall seek evidence for and
      against the person concerned. Investigations shall be conducted
      objectively and impartially and in accordance with the principle
      of the presumption of innocence and with the procedural guarantees
      set out in this Article.

    0 results found