eu-charter

Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union

Artikel 32 - Verbot der Kinderarbeit und Schutz der Jugendlichen am Arbeitsplatz

Artikel 32 - Verbot der Kinderarbeit und Schutz der Jugendlichen am Arbeitsplatz

Kinderarbeit ist verboten. Unbeschadet günstigerer Vorschriften für Jugendliche und abgesehen von begrenzten Ausnahmen darf das Mindestalter für den Eintritt in das Arbeitsleben das Alter, in dem die Schulpflicht endet, nicht unterschreiten.
Zur Arbeit zugelassene Jugendliche müssen ihrem Alter angepasste Arbeitsbedingungen erhalten und vor wirtschaftlicher Ausbeutung und vor jeder Arbeit geschützt werden, die ihre Sicherheit, ihre Gesundheit, ihre körperliche, geistige, sittliche oder soziale Entwicklung beeinträchtigen oder ihre Erziehung gefährden könnte.

Erläuterungen

  • Text:

    Dieser Artikel stützt sich auf die Richtlinie 94/33/EG über den Jugendarbeitsschutz sowie auf Artikel 7 der Europäischen Sozialcharta und auf die Nummern 20 bis 23 der Gemeinschaftscharta der sozialen Grundrechte der Arbeitnehmer.

    Quelle:
    Amtsblatt der Europäischen Union C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
    Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
    Die Erläuterungen wurden ursprünglich unter der Verantwortung des Präsidiums des Konvents, der die Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union ausgearbeitet hat, formuliert. Sie wurden unter der Verantwortung des Präsidiums des Europäischen Konvents aufgrund der von diesem Konvent vorgenommenen Anpassungen des Wortlauts der Charta (insbesondere der Artikel 51 und 52) und der Fortentwicklung des Unionsrechts aktualisiert. Diese Erläuterungen haben als solche keinen rechtlichen Status, stellen jedoch eine nützliche Interpretationshilfe dar, die dazu dient, die Bestimmungen der Charta zu verdeutlichen.

Rechtsprechung

0 results found

Nationales Verfassungsrecht

25 results found

  • A Magyar Köztársaság Alkotmánya
    Land:
    Hungary

    66 § (…) (3) A munka végzése során a nők és a fiatalok védelmét külön szabályok is biztosítják.

  • Bundesverfassungsgesetz über die Rechte von Kindern
    Land:
    Austria

    Artikel 3 Kinderarbeit ist verboten. Abgesehen von gesetzlich vorgesehenen begrenzten Ausnahmen darf das Mindestalter für den Eintritt in das Arbeitsleben das Alter, in dem die Schulpflicht endet, nicht unterschreiten.
    Artikel 1 Jedes Kind hat Anspruch auf den Schutz und die Fürsorge, die für sein Wohlergehen notwendig sind, auf bestmögliche Entwicklung und Entfaltung sowie auf die Wahrung seiner Interessen auch unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Generationengerechtigkeit. Bei allen Kinder betreffenden Maßnahmen öffentlicher und privater Einrichtungen muss das Wohl des Kindes eine vorrangige Erwägung sein.

  • Cabinet of Ministers Regulations No. 206
    Land:
    Latvia

     On occupations in which it is prohibited to employ young workers and exceptions.

  • Constitution of Ireland
    Land:
    Ireland

    Article 45.4.2. The state shall endeavour to ensure that the strength and health of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children shall not be abused and that citizens shall not be forced by economic

  • Constitution of Malta
    Land:
    Malta

    Article 15The minimum age for paid labour shall be prescribed by law.Article 16The State shall provide for safeguarding the labour of minors and assure to them the right to equal pay for equal work.

  • Constitution of the Italian Republic
    Land:
    Italy

    Art. 37. (...) The law establishes the minimum age for paid labour. The Republic protects the work of minors by means of special provisions and guarantees them the right to equal pay for equal work.

  • Constitution of the Republic of Croatia
    Land:
    Croatia

    Article 65
    (2) Children shall not be employed before reaching the age specified by law, nor shall they be forced or allowed to do any work that is harmful to their health or morality.
    (3) Young people, mothers and disabled persons shall be entitled to special protection at work.

  • Constitution of the Republic of Hungary
    Land:
    Hungary

    Article 66(…) (3) Separate regulations shall ensure the protection of women and youth in the workplace.

  • Constitution of the Republic of Poland
    Land:
    Poland

    Article 65(...) 3. The permanent employment of children under 16 years of age shall be forbidden. The types and nature of admissible employments shall be specified by statute. (...)

  • Constitution of the Republic of Poland
    Land:
    Poland

    Article 65(...) 3. The permanent employment of children under 16 years of age shall be forbidden. The types and nature of admissible employments shall be specified by statute. (...)

  • Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana
    Land:
    Italy

    Art. 37. (…) La legge stabilisce il limite minimo di età per il lavoro salariato.La Repubblica tutela il lavoro dei minori con speciali norme e garantisce ad essi, a parità di lavoro, il diritto alla parità di retribuzione.

  • Czechia / Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
    Land:
    Czechia

    Article 29 (1) Women, adolescents, and persons with health problems have the right to increased protection of their health at work and to special work conditions. (2) Adolescents and persons with health problems have the right to special protection in labour relations and to assistance in vocational training. (3) Detailed provisions shall be set by law.

  • Elimination of child labour, protection of children and young persons:
    Land:
    Latvia
  • Employment Contracts Act
    Land:
    Estonia

    § 7. Entry into employment contract with minor
    (1) An employer shall not enter into an employment contract with a minor under 15 years of age or a minor subject to the obligation to attend school, or allow such a minor to work, except in the cases provided for in subsection (4) of this section.
    (2) An employer shall not enter into an employment contract with a minor or allow a minor to work if the work:
    1) is beyond the minor’s physical or psychological capacity;
    2) is likely to harm the moral development of the minor;
    3) involves risks which the minor cannot recognise or avoid owing to lack of experience or training;
    4) is likely to hinder the minor's social development or the acquisition of his or her education;
    5) is likely to harm the minor’s health due to the nature of the work or the working environment. (...)

  • Federal Constitutional Act on the Rights of Children
    Land:
    Austria

    Article 3 Child labour is prohibited. Apart from any exemptions laid down by law, the minimum age for entering the labour market shall not be below the age at which compulsory schooling ends.
    Article 1 Each child shall be entitled to the protection and care that is necessary for his/her well-being, to optimal development and self-realisation as well as to the protection of his/her interests with regards to intergenerational equity. The wellbeing of the child shall be the primary consideration in respect of all measures affecting children that are taken by public and private institutions.

  • Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
    Land:
    Poland

    Art. 65(...) 3. Stałe zatrudnianie dzieci do lat 16 jest zakazane. Formy i charakter dopuszczalnego zatrudniania określa ustawa.

  • Labour Code
    Land:
    Bulgaria

    Article 305 (Particular Care for Adolescents)(1) The employer shall take special care for the work of persons under 18 by providing alleviated working conditions and opportunities to acquire professional qualification and to raise the qualification level. (2) (New – SG, No. 25/2001) The employer shall be bound to inform the underage employees and their parents or guardians about the eventual risks on the job and about the measures taken to ensure healthy and safe conditions of work. (3) (Amended - SG, No. 25/2001) The working hours of employees under 18 shall be 35 working hours weekly and 7 hours daily for 5-day work week. (4) Employees under 18 shall be entitled to a paid annual leave of not less than 26 working days, including during the calendar year when they turn 18 years of age.

  • Magyarország Alaptörvénye
    Land:
    Hungary

    XVIII. cikk (SZABADSÁG ÉS FELELŐSSÉG) (1) Gyermekek foglalkoztatása – testi, szellemi és erkölcsi fejlődésüket nem veszélyeztető, törvényben meghatározott esetek kivételével – tilos.
    (2) Magyarország külön intézkedésekkel biztosítja a fiatalok és a szülők munkahelyi védelmét.

  • Portugal / Constitution of the Portuguese Republic
    Land:
    Portugal

    Article 59 (Workers' rights) (2) It is the duty of the State to guarantee the conditions of work, remuneration and rest to which workers are entitled, in particular by: (c) Special protection at work for women during pregnancy and after childbirth, for minors and disabled person and for those engaged in especially strenuous activity or working in unhealthy, toxic or dangerous conditions.

    Article 69 (Childhood) (3) Access to work shall be forbidden, in accordance with the law, to school-age minor children.

    Article 70 (Youth) (1) In order to ensure the effective enjoyment of their economic, social and cultural rights, young people shall receive special protection, particularly: (a) In education, vocational training and culture; (b) In access to their first job, at work and in relation to social security.  

  • Romania / Constitution of Romania
    Land:
    Romania

    Article 49(...) (3) The exploitation of minors, their employment in activities that might be harmful to their health, or morals, or might endanger their life and normal development are prohibited.(4) Minors under the age of fifteen may not be employed for any paid labour.

EU-Recht

6 results found

  • Directive 2011/93/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography

    Preamble 

    (2) In accordance with Article 6(1) of the Treaty on European Union, the Union recognises the rights, freedoms and principles set out in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, in which Article 24(2) provides that in all actions relating to children, whether taken by public authorities or private institutions, the child’s best interests must be a primary consideration. Moreover, the Stockholm Programme — An Open and Secure Europe Serving and Protecting Citizens (4) gives a clear priority to combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography.


    (6) Serious criminal offences such as the sexual exploitation of children and child pornography require a comprehensive approach covering the prosecution of offenders, the protection of child victims, and prevention of the phenomenon. The child’s best interests must be a primary consideration when carrying out any measures to combat these offences in accordance with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Framework Decision 2004/68/JHA should be replaced by a new instrument providing such comprehensive legal framework to achieve that purpose.

  • Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers (not in force)

    23. Following the end of compulsory education, young people must be entitled to receive initial vocational training of a sufficient duration to enable them to adapt to the requirements of their. future working life; for young workers, such training should take place during working hours.

  • Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers (not in force)

    22. Appropriate measures must be taken to adjust labour regulations applicable to young workers so that their specific development and vocational training and access to employment needs are met. The duration of work must, in particular, be limited - without it being possible to circumvent this limitation through recourse to overtime - and night work prohibited in the of workers of under 18 years of age, save in the of certain jobs laid down in national legislation or regulations.

  • Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers (not in force)

    21. Young people who are in gainful employment must receive equitable remuneration in accordance with national practice.

  • Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers (not in force)

    20. Without prejudice to such rules as may be more favourable to young people,· in particular those ensuring their preparation for work through' vocational training, and subject to derogations limited to certain light work, the minimum employment age must not be lower than the minimum school-leaving age and, in any case, not lower than 15 years.

  • Council Directive 94/33/EC of 22 June 1994 on the protection of young people at work

    .

Internationales Recht

4 results found

  • Committee on the Rights of the Child, General comment No. 21 (2017) on children in street situations

    Article 32 - on child labour
    ‘59. The Committee urges States to implement the provisions of article 32 (2) of the Convention, and the International Labour Organization Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138), and Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182), to protect children in street situations from economic exploitation and the worst forms of child labour. Action against child labour should comprise comprehensive measures, including the provision of support enabling children to transition into education and guaranteeing an adequate standard of living for them and their families. Such measures should be developed in collaboration with children in street situations and other key stakeholders to reflect children’s best interests and to ensure they do not have any inadvertent negative impact on children’s survival or development. The criminalization of begging or unlicensed trading can result in worse forms of survival behaviours, such as commercial sexual exploitation. Savings schemes to develop budgeting skills and safeguard earnings for children in street situations are beneficial.‘

  • Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly Recommendation 1336 (1997): Combating child labour exploitation as a matter of priority
  • R203 – Recommendation on supplementary measures for the effective suppression of forced labour, 2014 (No. 203)

    ‘3. Members should take preventive measures that include:
    (a) respecting, promoting and realizing fundamental principles and rights at work;
    (b) the promotion of freedom of association and collective bargaining to enable at-risk workers to join workers’ organizations;
    (c) programmes to combat the discrimination that heightens vulnerability to forced or compulsory labour;
    (d) initiatives to address child labour and promote educational opportunities for children, both boys and girls, as a safeguard against children becoming victims of forced or compulsory labour; and
    (e) taking steps to realize the objectives of the Protocol and the Convention.‘
    ‘10. Protective measures for children subjected to forced or compulsory labour should take into account the special needs and best interests of the child, and, in addition to the protections provided for in the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182), should include:
    (a) access to education for girls and boys;
    (b) the appointment of a guardian or other representative, where appropriate;
    (c) when the person’s age is uncertain but there are reasons to believe him or her to be less than 18 years of age, a presumption of minor status, pending age verification; and
    (d) efforts to reunite children with their families, or, when it is in the best interests of the child, provide family-based care.‘

  • UN General Assembly Resolution adopted 69/157 (2014) - Rights of the child

    Child labour
    ‘15. Calls upon all States to translate into concrete action their commitment to the progressive and effective eradication of child labour that is likely to be hazardous, to interfere with the child’s education or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development, to eliminate immediately the worst forms of child labour and to promote education as a key strategy in this regard;
    16. Urges all States that have not yet done so to consider ratifying both the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182)30 and the Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138)31 of the International Labour Organization;
    17. Recognizes that poverty and social exclusion, labour mobility, discrimination and lack of adequate social protection and educational opportunity as well as lack of birth registrations all influence child labour;‘

Produkte

  • Handbook / Guide / Manual
    7
    April
    2022
    French and Italian versions now available
    19 December 2023
    Kinder sind eigenständige Inhaberinnen und Inhaber von Menschenrechten. Sie genießen sämtliche Menschen- und Grundrechte, und aufgrund ihrer spezifischen Merkmale gelten für sie auch besondere Bestimmungen. Dieses Handbuch soll veranschaulichen, inwiefern die spezifischen Interessen und Bedürfnisse von Kindern im Europarecht und in der europäischen Rechtsprechung berücksichtigt werden. Es verdeutlicht zudem die wichtige Rolle von Eltern, Vormunden und sonstigen gesetzlichen Vertreterinnen und Vertretern und verweist gegebenenfalls auf Situationen, in denen die Rechte und Pflichten überwiegend den Betreuerinnen und Betreuern von Kindern zugewiesen werden. Dieses Handbuch soll zu einem stärkeren Bewusstsein für die Rechtsnormen zum Schutz und zur Förderung der Kinderrechte in Europa beitragen und die Kenntnisse darüber verbessern. Es dient als Referenzwerk sowohl für das Recht der Europäischen Union (EU) als auch für die Abkommen des Europarates in diesen Bereichen und enthält jeweils Erläuterungen zur Regelung der einzelnen Aspekte im EU-Recht, einschließlich der Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union, sowie der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention (EMRK), der Europäischen Sozialcharta (ESC) und sonstiger Instrumente des Europarates.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    20
    März
    2025
    In recent years, the EU has taken steps to improve child protection, yet some Member States do not have an integrated approach. FRA first produced an overview of child protection systems in the EU in 2014, and an update in 2023. The data is published in FRA’s ‘Mapping of Child Protection Systems in the EU – Update 2023’. This report completements the 2023 update with comparative analysis and provides greater detail on children in vulnerable situations, care and the participation of children in matters affecting them. It also offers guidance on creating comprehensive frameworks that ensure that children’s rights are respected.
  • Fundamental Rights Report
    8
    Juni
    2023
    FRA’s Fundamental Rights Report 2023 reviews major developments in the field in 2022, identifying both achievements and areas of concern. It also presents FRA’s opinions on these developments, including a synopsis of the evidence supporting these opinions.
  • Handbook / Guide / Manual
    1
    März
    2023
    This manual is designed to help institutions, organisations and individuals to train guardians of unaccompanied children or to deliver ‘train-the-trainers’ courses. It can be used in a range of training contexts, such as professional and academic training, on-the-job training and continuing training. The manual is based on human and fundamental rights principles and ethical standards and recognises that the child and the guardian have their own personal stories, resources and capacities. It enhances guardians’ confidence to promote the child’s rights and best interests. It also enhances their confidence to act independently and impartially in relation to different state
    officials, service providers and other community members.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    9
    Dezember
    2021
    This report sheds light on the realities faced by unaccompanied migrant children who are not in the care of child protection systems in the EU. Presented as a case study, it tells the story of children and young adults from Pakistan who travelled alone to the EU without their parents or other adults.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    16
    Januar
    2018
    Vormünder sind zentral in einem System zum Schutz von Kindern, die vorübergehend oder dauerhaft aus ihrem familiären Umfeld herausgelöst wurden und deren Interessen nicht von ihren Eltern vertreten werden können. Zwischen den Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union (EU) und auch innerhalb der Mitgliedstaaten gibt es große Unterschiede in den Arten von Vormundschaft. Dieser Bericht untersucht die wesentlichen Merkmale von Vormundschaftssystemen, die den Bedürfnissen schutzbedürftiger Kinder gerecht werden sollen. Dies schließt Kinder ein, die Opfer von Menschenhandel und anderen Formen der Ausbeutung sind, und Kinder, die Gefahr laufen, Opfer von Menschenhandel oder anderen Formen der Ausbeutung zu werden.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    17
    März
    2016
    Die Ausbeutung von Arbeitskräften ist kein vereinzelt auftretendes oder nebensächliches
    Phänomen. Aber ungeachtet ihrer weiten Verbreitung und Alltäglichkeit haben schwere Arbeitsausbeutung
    und ihre negativen Auswirkungen auf Drittstaatsangehörige und EU-BürgerInnen –
    als Arbeitskräfte, aber auch als VerbraucherInnen – bislang bei WissenschaftlerInnen kaum
    Beachtung gefunden. Im Rahmen der umfangreichen Feld- und Sekundärforschung der FRA
    wurden die unterschiedlichen strafrechtlich relevanten Formen der schweren Ausbeutung von
    Arbeitskräften aus anderen EU-Mitgliedstaaten oder Drittstaaten erstmals umfassend untersucht. Ziel war es, die diesbezüglichen Wissenslücken zu schließen und das derzeit herrschende
    Klima der stillschweigenden Akzeptanz schwerer Arbeitsausbeutung in Frage zu stellen.
  • Handbook / Guide / Manual
    20
    November
    2015
    Kinder sind eigenständige Rechteinhaber. Sie genießen sämtliche Menschen- und Grundrechte. Aufgrund ihrer spezifischen Eigenschaften gelten für sie jedoch auch spezielle Bestimmungen. Ziel dieses Handbuchs ist es, anschaulich darzustellen, inwiefern das Europarecht und die europäische Rechtsprechung die spezifischen Interessen und Erfordernisse von Kindernberücksichtigen.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    16
    Oktober
    2015
    This report explores the key features of guardianship systems put in place to cater for the needs of all children in need of protection, including child victims and those at risk of becoming victims of trafficking in human beings or of other forms of exploitation. The research covers four specific areas, namely the type of guardianship systems in place, the profile of appointed guardians, the appointment procedures, and the tasks of the guardians.