Προστασία δεδομένων

Η ραγδαία ανάπτυξη της τεχνολογίας των πληροφοριών έχει επιτείνει την ανάγκη για ισχυρή προστασία των δεδομένων προσωπικού χαρακτήρα. Το δικαίωμα στην εν λόγω προστασία διασφαλίζεται μέσω νομικών πράξεων τόσο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (ΕΕ), όσο και του Συμβουλίου της Ευρώπης. Η διασφάλιση του σημαντικού αυτού δικαιώματος συνεπάγεται νέες και σημαντικές προκλήσεις, καθώς οι τεχνολογικές εξελίξεις επεκτείνουν τα όρια πεδίων όπως η παρακολούθηση, η υποκλοπή επικοινωνιών και η αποθήκευση δεδομένων. Το παρόν εγχειρίδιο έχει σχεδιαστεί κατά τέτοιον τρόπο ώστε να βοηθήσει τους επαγγελματίες του νομικού κλάδου που δεν είναι ειδικευμένοι στον τομέα της προστασίας δεδομένων να εξοικειωθούν με το αναδυόμενο αυτό πεδίο του δικαίου.

This report is FRA’s second publication addressing a European Parliament request for in-depth research on the impact of surveillance on fundamental rights. It updates FRA’s 2015 legal analysis on the topic, and supplements that analysis with field-based insights gained from extensive interviews with diverse experts in intelligence and related fields, including its oversight.

In 2006 the EU issued its Data Retention Directive. According to the Directive, EU Member States had to store electronic telecommunications data for at least six months and at most 24 months for investigating, detecting and prosecuting serious crime. In 2016, with an EU legal framework on data retention still lacking, the CJEU further clarified what safeguards are required for data retention to be lawful.This paper looks at amendments to national data retention laws in 2016 after the Digital Rights Ireland judgment.

This report, drafted in response to the European Parliament’s call for thorough research on fundamental rights protection in the context of surveillance, maps and analyses the legal frameworks on surveillance in place in EU Member States.

This summary presents the FRA’s main research conclusions, which are published in full in Access to data protection remedies in EU Member States.

Technological advances make it ever more important to safeguard the right to personal data, which is enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Data protection violations arise principally from internet‑based activities, direct marketing and video surveillance, perpetrated by, for example, government bodies or financial and health institutions, research by the European Union Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA) shows.

Following a request by the European Parliament on 5 September 2012 for an analysis of the fundamental rights issues associated with the proposed EU data protection reform package, FRA issued its opinion on the draft legislation on 1 October 2012.

When a decision to stop an individual is motivated solely or mainly by virtue of a person's race, ethnicity or religion, this constitutes discriminatory ethnic profiling. Such practices can serve to alienate certain communities in the EU, and in turn can contribute to inefficient policing. The FRA guide aims to help the police address and avoid discriminatory ethnic profiling, and is designed to be used as a tool for more effective policing.