Asilo, migrazione e frontiere

Over the span of nearly eight years, there have been developments in showing respect for the human rights of those who arrive at the EU’s borders. Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has shown how a large and sudden influx of people can be managed effectively and respectfully. Notwithstanding the improvements, the growing number of people crossing or attempting to enter the EU pose a wide range of fundamental rights challenges.

In this bulletin, FRA takes stock of concerns and improvements regarding the fundamental rights of migrants, asylum seekers and refugees. It highlights the EU Member States’ legal and practical responses. It identifies key trends, promising practices, long-standing and emerging patterns, and persistent concerns.

This manual is designed to help institutions, organisations and individuals to train guardians of unaccompanied children or to deliver ‘train-the-trainers’ courses. It can be used in a range of training contexts, such as professional and academic training, on-the-job training and continuing training. The manual is based on human and fundamental rights principles and ethical standards and recognises that the child and the guardian have their own personal stories, resources and capacities. It enhances guardians’ confidence to promote the child’s rights and best interests. It also enhances their confidence to act independently and impartially in relation to different state
officials, service providers and other community members.

L’aggressione militare della Russia contro l’Ucraina ha scatenato scenari che l’Europa non viveva da decenni. Da allora ha causato morte, distruzioni massicce e indicibili sofferenze. Ha inoltre innescato spostamenti di massa di persone che non si vedevano dalla seconda guerra mondiale. Per tutelare i profughi, l’UE ha attivato per la prima volta la direttiva sulla protezione temporanea. In tal modo, tutti gli Stati membri dell’UE devono offrire protezione agli sfollati in fuga dall’Ucraina.

Many cities throughout the European Union hosted people fleeing Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. The EU currently faces the largest displacement of people in Europe since World War II. Since February 2022, over seven million people came to the EU. The arrival of such large numbers of people thrust cities and local governments to the forefront of the EU and its Member States’ relief work. This short publication provides a snapshot of cities’ initiatives to address this humanitarian crisis.

L’Agenzia dell’Unione europea per l’asilo (EUAA) e l’Agenzia dell’Unione europea per i diritti fondamentali (FRA) hanno unito le loro forze nello sviluppo di una serie di strumenti pratici per i tutori di minori non accompagnati con esigenze di protezione internazionale. L’obiettivo è sostenere i tutori nei loro compiti e responsabilità quotidiani durante la procedura di asilo, compresa la procedura Dublino e la protezione temporanea.

The table below gives an overview of certain key aspects in national legislation implementing the EU Temporary Protection Directive.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine triggered solidarity from EU governments, local authorities and society as they welcomed more than 7 million people fleeing the aggression. The European Union’s rapid response, activating the EU Temporary Protection Directive, offered welcome relief and much-needed support to those in need. It allowed displaced persons the opportunity to quickly settle and to work, travel and access services across the EU. But other pressing human rights issues have come to the fore and remain high on the EU’s agenda, such as human trafficking, sexual and gender-based violence, hate crime and hate-fuelled disinformation.

Il monitoraggio dei diritti fondamentali alle frontiere esterne dell’UE dovrebbe essere effettuato sistematicamente e regolarmente per una serie di attività di gestione delle frontiere, tra cui la sorveglianza delle frontiere, i fermi alle frontiere terrestri, marittime e aeree e la gestione dei meccanismi di indirizzamento, anche in caso di arrivi di massa. I presenti orientamenti generali forniscono assistenza agli Stati membri dell’Unione europea (UE) ai fini dell’istituzione di meccanismi nazionali indipendenti tesi a monitorare il rispetto dei diritti fondamentali alle frontiere esterne dell’UE, in linea con la proposta di regolamento sugli accertamenti presentata dalla Commissione europea il 23 settembre 2020. L’Agenzia dell’Unione europea per i diritti fondamentali ha elaborato i presenti orientamenti su richiesta della Commissione.