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EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
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EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
What are fundamental rights ?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Preamble
Title I: Dignity
1 - Human dignity
2 - Right to life
3 - Right to integrity of the person
4 - Prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
5 - Slavery / Forced Labour
Title II: Freedoms
6 - Right to liberty and security
7 - Respect for private and family life
8 - Protection of personal data
9 - Right to marry and right to found a family
10 - Freedom of thought, conscience and religion
11 - Freedom of expression and information
12 - Freedom of assembly and of association
13 - Freedom of the arts and sciences
14 - Right to education
15 - Freedom to choose an occupation and right to engage in work
16 - Freedom to conduct a business
17 - Right to property
18 - Right to asylum
19 - Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition
Title III: Equality
20 - Equality before the law
21 - Non-discrimination
22 - Cultural, religious and linguistic diversity
23 - Equality between women and men
24 - The rights of the child
25 - The rights of the elderly
26 - Integration of persons with disabilities
Title IV: Solidarity
27 - Workers' right to information and consultation within the undertaking
28 - Right of collective bargaining and action
29 - Right of access to placement services
30 - Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal
31 - Fair and just working conditions
32 - Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work
33 - Family and professional life
34 - Social security and social assistance
35 - Health care
36 - Access to services of general economic interest
37 - Environmental protection
38 - Consumer protection
Title V: Citizens' rights
39 - Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European Parliament
40 - Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at municipal elections
41 - Right to good administration
42 - Right of access to documents
43 - European Ombudsman
44 - Right to petition
45 - Freedom of movement and of residence
46 - Diplomatic and consular protection
Title VI: Justice
47 - Right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial
48 - Presumption of innocence and right of defence
49 - Principles of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties
50 - Right not to be tried or punished twice in criminal proceedings for the same criminal offence
Title VII: General provisions
51 - Field of application
52 - Scope and interpretation
53 - Level of protection
54 - Abuse of rights
Tools
EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS
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Together in the EU: Promoting the participation of migrants and their descendants
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Support for human rights systems and defenders
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
Inter-governmental human rights systems
National human rights systems and bodies
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EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
What are fundamental rights ?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Preamble
Title I: Dignity
1 -
Human dignity
2 -
Right to life
3 -
Right to integrity of the person
4 -
Prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
5 -
Slavery / Forced Labour
Title II: Freedoms
6 -
Right to liberty and security
7 -
Respect for private and family life
8 -
Protection of personal data
9 -
Right to marry and right to found a family
10 -
Freedom of thought, conscience and religion
11 -
Freedom of expression and information
12 -
Freedom of assembly and of association
13 -
Freedom of the arts and sciences
14 -
Right to education
15 -
Freedom to choose an occupation and right to engage in work
16 -
Freedom to conduct a business
17 -
Right to property
18 -
Right to asylum
19 -
Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition
Title III: Equality
20 -
Equality before the law
21 -
Non-discrimination
22 -
Cultural, religious and linguistic diversity
23 -
Equality between women and men
24 -
The rights of the child
25 -
The rights of the elderly
26 -
Integration of persons with disabilities
Title IV: Solidarity
27 -
Workers' right to information and consultation within the undertaking
28 -
Right of collective bargaining and action
29 -
Right of access to placement services
30 -
Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal
31 -
Fair and just working conditions
32 -
Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work
33 -
Family and professional life
34 -
Social security and social assistance
35 -
Health care
36 -
Access to services of general economic interest
37 -
Environmental protection
38 -
Consumer protection
Title V: Citizens' rights
39 -
Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European Parliament
40 -
Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at municipal elections
41 -
Right to good administration
42 -
Right of access to documents
43 -
European Ombudsman
44 -
Right to petition
45 -
Freedom of movement and of residence
46 -
Diplomatic and consular protection
Title VI: Justice
47 -
Right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial
48 -
Presumption of innocence and right of defence
49 -
Principles of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties
50 -
Right not to be tried or punished twice in criminal proceedings for the same criminal offence
Title VII: General provisions
51 -
Field of application
52 -
Scope and interpretation
53 -
Level of protection
54 -
Abuse of rights
Tools
Tools
EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS
Criminal detention database
Anti-Muslim hatred database
Case-law database
Charterpedia
FRA e-learning platform
Data visualisation
Equality data collection: promising practices
Fighting hate crime: promising practices
Products
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Work on rights
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Asylum
Borders and information systems
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
Title II: Freedoms
Article 19 - Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
Title II: Freedoms
Article 8 - Protection of personal data
Highlights
Handbook / Guide / Manual
19
September
2024
Monitoring fundamental rights during screening and the asylum border procedure – A guide on national independent mechanisms
This publication guides EU countries on setting up independent monitoring mechanisms to ensure fundamental rights are respected during screening and asylum border procedures. These processes at borders are for people arriving from non-EU countries. Monitoring mechanisms are meant to prevent rights violations, protect victims, and support investigations into any allegations of wrongdoing by public authorities. The guidance highlights the importance of transparency and accountability, which builds trust in public authorities. New EU regulations coming into effect in 2026 will require such monitoring systems to be in place. This updates the guidance published in 2022.
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
30
July
2024
Guidance on investigating alleged ill-treatment at borders
Fundamental rights violations on the EU’s land and sea borders often go unreported. Investigations into these violations need to be more effective. This report gathers examples of alleged rights violations of migrants and refugees between 2020 and 2023. It sets out 10 steps to promote prompt and effective national investigations into incidents of ill-treatment at borders.
Read news item
Periodic updates / Series
1
July
2024
Search and rescue operations and fundamental rights - June 2024 update
The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights regularly collects data on the operations of NGO vessels involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean. This includes any legal proceedings against them, as well as any difficulties in disembarking migrants in safe ports. This paper provides an overview of criminal investigations and other legal proceedings initiated by European Union (EU) Member States against civil society organisations deploying search and rescue vessels and aircraft in the Mediterranean and/or against individual crew members. The latest update covers the period from 2018 up until the end of May 2024.
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
9
July
2021
European standards on legal remedies, complaints mechanisms and effective investigations at borders
This note sets out human rights standards stemming from both the European Convention on Human Rights and European Union (EU) law that apply to effective remedies for human rights violations at borders, together with those on complaints mechanisms and investigations into complaints of rights violations at borders.
Read news item
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Handbook / Guide / Manual
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
19
September
2024
Monitoring fundamental rights during screening and the asylum border procedure – A guide on national independent mechanisms
This publication guides EU countries on setting up independent monitoring mechanisms to ensure fundamental rights are respected during screening and asylum border procedures. These processes at borders are for people arriving from non-EU countries. Monitoring mechanisms are meant to prevent rights violations, protect victims, and support investigations into any allegations of wrongdoing by public authorities. The guidance highlights the importance of transparency and accountability, which builds trust in public authorities. New EU regulations coming into effect in 2026 will require such monitoring systems to be in place. This updates the guidance published in 2022.
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
30
July
2024
Guidance on investigating alleged ill-treatment at borders
Fundamental rights violations on the EU’s land and sea borders often go unreported. Investigations into these violations need to be more effective. This report gathers examples of alleged rights violations of migrants and refugees between 2020 and 2023. It sets out 10 steps to promote prompt and effective national investigations into incidents of ill-treatment at borders.
Read news item
Periodic updates / Series
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
1
July
2024
Search and rescue operations and fundamental rights - June 2024 update
The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights regularly collects data on the operations of NGO vessels involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean. This includes any legal proceedings against them, as well as any difficulties in disembarking migrants in safe ports. This paper provides an overview of criminal investigations and other legal proceedings initiated by European Union (EU) Member States against civil society organisations deploying search and rescue vessels and aircraft in the Mediterranean and/or against individual crew members. The latest update covers the period from 2018 up until the end of May 2024.
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
Child protection
Asylum, migration and borders
Borders and information systems
Irregular migration, return and immigration detention
18
December
2023
Children in migration: fundamental rights at European borders
Council of Europe (CoE) and European Union (EU) Member States have an undeniable sovereign right to control the entry of non-nationals into their territory. While carrying out border control, states have a duty to protect fundamental rights of all people under their jurisdiction, regardless of their nationality, status, or age. Children as a category
of vulnerable persons with special needs require heightened protection.
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
31
October
2023
The European Border and Coast Guard and fundamental rights
Fundamental rights are an important consideration in European border management. Virtually all activities can have an impact on rights – from risk analysis to training, border checks and border surveillance. Safeguards in laws regulating European border management aim to protect rights. This report is a contribution to the first review of the European Border and Coast Guard Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 that offers an opportunity to reflect on how best to improve the fundamental rights situation at the external borders of the EU.
Periodic updates / Series
Asylum, migration and borders
Access to asylum
Borders and information systems
Irregular migration, return and immigration detention
11
October
2023
June 2023 update - Search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean and fundamental rights
Since October 2018, FRA has been publishing regular updates on NGO ships involved in search and rescue (SAR) operations in the Mediterranean, and the status of legal proceedings against them. This latest update covers until the end of June 2023.
Read news item
Read all SAR updates
Handbook / Guide / Manual
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
14
October
2022
Establishing national independent mechanisms to monitor fundamental rights compliance at EU external borders
** As of 19 September 2024 a new version of this guidance has been issued. Please see the link below. **
Fundamental rights monitoring at EU external borders should be systematically and regularly carried out for a range of border management activities. These include border surveillance, apprehensions at land, sea and air borders, and the operation of referral mechanisms, including in the event of mass arrivals. This general guidance provides assistance to EU Member States in setting up national independent mechanisms to monitor fundamental rights compliance at EU external borders, in line with the proposed screening regulation of 23 September 2020 by the European Commission. The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights prepared this guidance at the request of the Commission.
Download latest version of guidance
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
20
June
2022
June 2022 Update – Search and Rescue (SAR) operations in the Mediterranean and fundamental rights
The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) regularly collects data on the operations of NGO vessels involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean. This includes any legal proceedings against them, as well as on any difficulties in disembarking migrants in safe ports. The International Organization for Migration estimates that from January to 15 June 2022 about 842 people died or went missing while crossing the Mediterranean Sea to reach Europe to escape war or persecution, or to pursue a better life. This is an average of five people per day.
Get all updates on SAR operations in the Mediterranean
Read news item
Periodic updates / Series
Asylum, migration and borders
Access to asylum
Borders and information systems
Child protection
Legal migration and integration
19
May
2022
The war in Ukraine - Fundamental rights implications within the EU - Bulletin 1
This bulletin looks at the fundamental rights situation of all persons fleeing the Russian war in Ukraine to the four EU Member States neighbouring Ukraine. This is primarily in terms of the application of the EU Temporary Protection Directive. It is based on findings of FRA’s field mission to Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia at the beginning of March 2022. It is also based on weekly country reports prepared by Franet, the contracted research network of FRA between 1 March and 27 April 2022.
Download findings of survey on displaced people from Ukraine
Download bulletin 2
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
17
December
2021
December 2021 Update – Search and Rescue (SAR) operations in the Mediterranean and fundamental rights
The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) regularly collects data on NGO vessels involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean. This includes any legal proceedings against them, as well as any difficulties disembarking migrants in safe ports. The International Organization for Migration estimates that from January to 10 December 2021 about 1,654 people have died or gone missing while crossing the Mediterranean Sea to reach Europe to escape war or persecution or to pursue a better life. This is an average of more than four people per day. Deadly incidents have also occurred recently in the Channel (La Manche).
Read all updates on SAR operations in the Mediterranean
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
9
July
2021
European standards on legal remedies, complaints mechanisms and effective investigations at borders
This note sets out human rights standards stemming from both the European Convention on Human Rights and European Union (EU) law that apply to effective remedies for human rights violations at borders, together with those on complaints mechanisms and investigations into complaints of rights violations at borders.
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
18
June
2021
June 2021 Update – Search and Rescue (SAR) operations in the Mediterranean and fundamental rights
The International Organization for Migration estimates that about 813 people died or went missing crossing the Mediterranean Sea to reach Europe to escape war, persecution or to pursue a better life in 2021, up to 15 June. This is an average of almost five people per day. The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) collects data on NGO ships involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean, legal proceedings against them, as well as difficulties in disembarking migrants in safe ports.
Read all updates on SAR operations in the Mediterranean
Read news item
Video
Asylum, migration and borders
Borders and information systems
29 March 2021
Video blog Michael O'Flaherty: Protecting migrants’ human rights together
FRA Director Michael O'Flaherty, in his latest vlog, reflects on the migration situation at the EU’s external borders. He highlights the need for sustained joined-up efforts from all relevant bodies, including civil society, to protect the wellbeing and human rights of migrants. He underlines the importance of working with local communities as we receive migrants into our communities. He also points to room for improvement is our treatment of unaccompanied children.
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
26
March
2021
Initial-reception facilities at external borders: fundamental rights issues to consider
This note outlines how to help ensure a dignified stay for third-country nationals who are apprehended or intercepted at external borders. Specifically, FRA identifies twelve points for protection-sensitive and fundamental rights-compliant planning and design of initial-reception facilities at such borders. These are based on the agency’s work at external borders, including data collection and research activities.
FRA work in the 'hotpsots'
Download FRA Opinions on hotspots
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
18
December
2020
December 2020 update - NGO ships involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean and legal proceedings against them
In 2020 (until 15 December), the International Organization for Migration estimated that about 1,054 people have died or gone missing while crossing the Mediterranean Sea to reach Europe to escape war or persecution or to pursue a better life. This is an average of almost three people per day. In the past years, a significant number of migrants in distress at sea have been rescued by civil society vessels deployed with a humanitarian mandate to reduce fatalities and bring rescued migrants to safety. Since 2018, however, national authorities initiated some 50 administrative and criminal proceedings against crew members or vessels, also seizing the latter. In some cases, rescue vessels were blocked in harbours due to flag issues or the inability to meet maritime safety-related and other technical requirements.
Periodic updates / Series
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
8
December
2020
Migration: Fundamental rights issues at land borders
This report looks at fundamental rights compliance at the European Union (EU)’s external land borders, including rivers and lakes. On 30 January 2020, the European Parliament requested the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) to prepare a report on these borders. It noted that the report should focus on the correct application of the safeguards in the European asylum acquis and the provisions of the Schengen Borders Code (Regulation (EU) 2016/399).
Handbook / Guide / Manual
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
24
July
2020
All language versions now available
12 September 2022
Border controls and fundamental rights at external land borders
This practical guidance addresses border-management staff in European Union (EU) Member States who work at the operational level. It aims to support them in implementing the fundamental rights safeguards of the Schengen Borders Code (Regulation (EU) No. 2016/399) and related EU law instruments in their daily work, when carrying out controls at external land borders.
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
Support for human rights systems and defenders
Civil society
19
June
2020
June 2020 update - NGO ships involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean and legal proceedings against them
In 2019, the International Organization for Migration estimated that 1,866 people have died or gone missing while crossing the Mediterranean Sea to reach Europe to escape war or persecution or to pursue a better life. This is an average of five people per day. In recent years, a significant proportion of migrants in distress at sea have been rescued by civil society vessels deployed with a humanitarian mandate to reduce fatalities and bring rescued migrants to safety. Since 2018, however, authorities in some EU Member States started viewing civil society-deployed rescue vessels with hostility. As a reaction, national authorities initiated about 40 administrative and criminal proceedings against crew members or vessels, including seizing the latter. In some cases, rescue vessels were blocked in harbours due to flag issues or the inability to meet technical requirements.
Report / Paper / Summary
Asylum, migration and borders
Borders and information systems
27
March
2020
French version now available
24 April 2020
Fundamental rights of refugees, asylum applicants and migrants at the European borders
Council of Europe (CoE) and European Union (EU) Member States have an undeniable sovereign right to control the entry of non-nationals into their territory. While exercising border control, states have a duty to protect the fundamental rights of all people under their jurisdiction, regardless of their nationality and/or legal status. Under EU law, this includes providing access to asylum procedures.
Leaflet / Flyer
Asylum, migration and borders
Borders and information systems
Data protection
16
January
2020
All language versions now available
16 December 2021
Right to information ― Guide for authorities when taking fingerprints for EURODAC
This leaflet assists officers and authorities to inform asylum applicants and migrants in an understandable and accessible way about the processing of their fingerprints in Eurodac.
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