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Que sont les droits fondamentaux ?
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Préambule
Titre I: Dignité
1 - Dignité humaine
2 - Droit à la vie
3 - Droit à l'intégrité de la personne
4 - Interdiction de la torture et des peines ou traitements inhumains ou dégradants
5 - Interdiction de l'esclavage et du travail forcé
Titre II: Libertés
6 - Droit à la liberté et à la sûreté
7 - Respect de la vie privée et familiale
8 - Protection des données à caractère personnel
9 - Droit de se marier et droit de fonder une famille
10 - Liberté de pensée, de conscience et de religion
11 - Liberté d'expression et d'information
12 - Liberté de réunion et d'association
13 - Liberté des arts et des sciences
14 - Droit à l'éducation
15 - Liberté professionnelle et droit de travailler
16 - Liberté d'entreprise
17 - Droit de propriété
18 - Droit d'asile
19 - Protection en cas d'éloignement, d'expulsion et d'extradition
Titre III: Égalité
20 - Égalité en droit
21 - Non-discrimination
22 - Diversité culturelle, religieuse et linguistique
23 - Égalité entre femmes et hommes
24 - Droits de l'enfant
25 - Droits des personnes âgées
26 - Intégration des personnes handicapées
Titre IV: Solidarité
27 - Droit à l'information et à la consultation des travailleurs au sein de l'entreprise
28 - Droit de négociation et d'actions collectives
29 - Droit d'accès aux services de placement
30 - Protection en cas de licenciement injustifié
31 - Conditions de travail justes et équitables
32 - Interdiction du travail des enfants et protection des jeunes au travail
33 - Vie familiale et vie professionnelle
34 - Sécurité sociale et aide sociale
35 - Protection de la santé
36 - Accès aux services d'intérêt économique général
37 - Protection de l'environnement
38 - Protection des consommateurs
Titre V: Citoyenneté
39 - Droit de vote et d'éligibilité aux élections au Parlement européen
40 - Droit de vote et d'éligibilité aux élections municipales
41 - Droit à une bonne administration
42 - Droit d'accès aux documents
43 - Médiateur européen
44 - Droit de pétition
45 - Liberté de circulation et de séjour
46 - Protection diplomatique et consulaire
Titre VI: Justice
47 - Droit à un recours effectif et à accéder à un tribunal impartial
48 - Présomption d'innocence et droits de la défense
49 - Principes de légalité et de proportionnalité des délits et des peines
50 - Droit à ne pas être jugé ou puni pénalement deux fois pour une même infraction
Titre VII: Dispositions générales
51 - Champ d'application
52 - Portée et interprétation des droits et des principes
53 - Niveau de protection
54 - Interdiction de l'abus de droit
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La Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’UE
Que sont les droits fondamentaux ?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Préambule
Titre I: Dignité
1 -
Dignité humaine
2 -
Droit à la vie
3 -
Droit à l'intégrité de la personne
4 -
Interdiction de la torture et des peines ou traitements inhumains ou dégradants
5 -
Interdiction de l'esclavage et du travail forcé
Titre II: Libertés
6 -
Droit à la liberté et à la sûreté
7 -
Respect de la vie privée et familiale
8 -
Protection des données à caractère personnel
9 -
Droit de se marier et droit de fonder une famille
10 -
Liberté de pensée, de conscience et de religion
11 -
Liberté d'expression et d'information
12 -
Liberté de réunion et d'association
13 -
Liberté des arts et des sciences
14 -
Droit à l'éducation
15 -
Liberté professionnelle et droit de travailler
16 -
Liberté d'entreprise
17 -
Droit de propriété
18 -
Droit d'asile
19 -
Protection en cas d'éloignement, d'expulsion et d'extradition
Titre III: Égalité
20 -
Égalité en droit
21 -
Non-discrimination
22 -
Diversité culturelle, religieuse et linguistique
23 -
Égalité entre femmes et hommes
24 -
Droits de l'enfant
25 -
Droits des personnes âgées
26 -
Intégration des personnes handicapées
Titre IV: Solidarité
27 -
Droit à l'information et à la consultation des travailleurs au sein de l'entreprise
28 -
Droit de négociation et d'actions collectives
29 -
Droit d'accès aux services de placement
30 -
Protection en cas de licenciement injustifié
31 -
Conditions de travail justes et équitables
32 -
Interdiction du travail des enfants et protection des jeunes au travail
33 -
Vie familiale et vie professionnelle
34 -
Sécurité sociale et aide sociale
35 -
Protection de la santé
36 -
Accès aux services d'intérêt économique général
37 -
Protection de l'environnement
38 -
Protection des consommateurs
Titre V: Citoyenneté
39 -
Droit de vote et d'éligibilité aux élections au Parlement européen
40 -
Droit de vote et d'éligibilité aux élections municipales
41 -
Droit à une bonne administration
42 -
Droit d'accès aux documents
43 -
Médiateur européen
44 -
Droit de pétition
45 -
Liberté de circulation et de séjour
46 -
Protection diplomatique et consulaire
Titre VI: Justice
47 -
Droit à un recours effectif et à accéder à un tribunal impartial
48 -
Présomption d'innocence et droits de la défense
49 -
Principes de légalité et de proportionnalité des délits et des peines
50 -
Droit à ne pas être jugé ou puni pénalement deux fois pour une même infraction
Titre VII: Dispositions générales
51 -
Champ d'application
52 -
Portée et interprétation des droits et des principes
53 -
Niveau de protection
54 -
Interdiction de l'abus de droit
Tools
Tools
EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS
Criminal detention database
Anti-Muslim hatred database
Case-law database
Charterpedia
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Equality data collection: promising practices
Fighting hate crime: promising practices
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Highlights
Handbook / Guide / Manual
19
septembre
2024
Monitoring fundamental rights during screening and the asylum border procedure – A guide on national independent mechanisms
This publication guides EU countries on setting up independent monitoring mechanisms to ensure fundamental rights are respected during screening and asylum border procedures. These processes at borders are for people arriving from non-EU countries. Monitoring mechanisms are meant to prevent rights violations, protect victims, and support investigations into any allegations of wrongdoing by public authorities. The guidance highlights the importance of transparency and accountability, which builds trust in public authorities. New EU regulations coming into effect in 2026 will require such monitoring systems to be in place. This updates the guidance published in 2022.
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
30
juillet
2024
Guidance on investigating alleged ill-treatment at borders
Fundamental rights violations on the EU’s land and sea borders often go unreported. Investigations into these violations need to be more effective. This report gathers examples of alleged rights violations of migrants and refugees between 2020 and 2023. It sets out 10 steps to promote prompt and effective national investigations into incidents of ill-treatment at borders.
Read news item
Periodic updates / Series
1
juillet
2024
Search and rescue operations and fundamental rights - June 2024 update
The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights regularly collects data on the operations of NGO vessels involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean. This includes any legal proceedings against them, as well as any difficulties in disembarking migrants in safe ports. This paper provides an overview of criminal investigations and other legal proceedings initiated by European Union (EU) Member States against civil society organisations deploying search and rescue vessels and aircraft in the Mediterranean and/or against individual crew members. The latest update covers the period from 2018 up until the end of May 2024.
Read news item
Rapport / Publication / Résumé
9
juillet
2021
Normes européennes sur les voies de recours, les mécanismes de plainte et les enquêtes effectives aux frontières
La présente note passe en revue les normes relatives aux droits de l'homme qui découlent de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme et du droit de l’Union européenne (UE) et qui régissent les recours effectifs contre les violations des droits de l'homme aux frontières, les mécanismes de plainte et les enquêtes sur les plaintes concernant des violations des droits aux frontières.
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Handbook / Guide / Manual
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
19
septembre
2024
Monitoring fundamental rights during screening and the asylum border procedure – A guide on national independent mechanisms
This publication guides EU countries on setting up independent monitoring mechanisms to ensure fundamental rights are respected during screening and asylum border procedures. These processes at borders are for people arriving from non-EU countries. Monitoring mechanisms are meant to prevent rights violations, protect victims, and support investigations into any allegations of wrongdoing by public authorities. The guidance highlights the importance of transparency and accountability, which builds trust in public authorities. New EU regulations coming into effect in 2026 will require such monitoring systems to be in place. This updates the guidance published in 2022.
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
30
juillet
2024
Guidance on investigating alleged ill-treatment at borders
Fundamental rights violations on the EU’s land and sea borders often go unreported. Investigations into these violations need to be more effective. This report gathers examples of alleged rights violations of migrants and refugees between 2020 and 2023. It sets out 10 steps to promote prompt and effective national investigations into incidents of ill-treatment at borders.
Read news item
antomar/AdobeStock
Periodic updates / Series
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
1
juillet
2024
Search and rescue operations and fundamental rights - June 2024 update
The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights regularly collects data on the operations of NGO vessels involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean. This includes any legal proceedings against them, as well as any difficulties in disembarking migrants in safe ports. This paper provides an overview of criminal investigations and other legal proceedings initiated by European Union (EU) Member States against civil society organisations deploying search and rescue vessels and aircraft in the Mediterranean and/or against individual crew members. The latest update covers the period from 2018 up until the end of May 2024.
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
Child protection
Asylum, migration and borders
Borders and information systems
Irregular migration, return and immigration detention
18
décembre
2023
Children in migration: fundamental rights at European borders
Council of Europe (CoE) and European Union (EU) Member States have an undeniable sovereign right to control the entry of non-nationals into their territory. While carrying out border control, states have a duty to protect fundamental rights of all people under their jurisdiction, regardless of their nationality, status, or age. Children as a category
of vulnerable persons with special needs require heightened protection.
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
31
octobre
2023
The European Border and Coast Guard and fundamental rights
Fundamental rights are an important consideration in European border management. Virtually all activities can have an impact on rights – from risk analysis to training, border checks and border surveillance. Safeguards in laws regulating European border management aim to protect rights. This report is a contribution to the first review of the European Border and Coast Guard Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 that offers an opportunity to reflect on how best to improve the fundamental rights situation at the external borders of the EU.
Periodic updates / Series
Asylum, migration and borders
Access to asylum
Borders and information systems
Irregular migration, return and immigration detention
11
octobre
2023
June 2023 update - Search and rescue operations in the Mediterranean and fundamental rights
Since October 2018, FRA has been publishing regular updates on NGO ships involved in search and rescue (SAR) operations in the Mediterranean, and the status of legal proceedings against them. This latest update covers until the end of June 2023.
Read news item
Read all SAR updates
Visual Generation © adobestock.com, 2022
Handbook / Guide / Manual
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
14
octobre
2022
Establishing national independent mechanisms to monitor fundamental rights compliance at EU external borders
** As of 19 September 2024 a new version of this guidance has been issued. Please see the link below. **
Fundamental rights monitoring at EU external borders should be systematically and regularly carried out for a range of border management activities. These include border surveillance, apprehensions at land, sea and air borders, and the operation of referral mechanisms, including in the event of mass arrivals. This general guidance provides assistance to EU Member States in setting up national independent mechanisms to monitor fundamental rights compliance at EU external borders, in line with the proposed screening regulation of 23 September 2020 by the European Commission. The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights prepared this guidance at the request of the Commission.
Download latest version of guidance
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
20
juin
2022
June 2022 Update – Search and Rescue (SAR) operations in the Mediterranean and fundamental rights
The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) regularly collects data on the operations of NGO vessels involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean. This includes any legal proceedings against them, as well as on any difficulties in disembarking migrants in safe ports. The International Organization for Migration estimates that from January to 15 June 2022 about 842 people died or went missing while crossing the Mediterranean Sea to reach Europe to escape war or persecution, or to pursue a better life. This is an average of five people per day.
Get all updates on SAR operations in the Mediterranean
Read news item
Periodic updates / Series
Asylum, migration and borders
Access to asylum
Borders and information systems
Child protection
Legal migration and integration
19
mai
2022
The war in Ukraine - Fundamental rights implications within the EU - Bulletin 1
This bulletin looks at the fundamental rights situation of all persons fleeing the Russian war in Ukraine to the four EU Member States neighbouring Ukraine. This is primarily in terms of the application of the EU Temporary Protection Directive. It is based on findings of FRA’s field mission to Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia at the beginning of March 2022. It is also based on weekly country reports prepared by Franet, the contracted research network of FRA between 1 March and 27 April 2022.
Download findings of survey on displaced people from Ukraine
Download bulletin 2
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
17
décembre
2021
December 2021 Update – Search and Rescue (SAR) operations in the Mediterranean and fundamental rights
The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) regularly collects data on NGO vessels involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean. This includes any legal proceedings against them, as well as any difficulties disembarking migrants in safe ports. The International Organization for Migration estimates that from January to 10 December 2021 about 1,654 people have died or gone missing while crossing the Mediterranean Sea to reach Europe to escape war or persecution or to pursue a better life. This is an average of more than four people per day. Deadly incidents have also occurred recently in the Channel (La Manche).
Read all updates on SAR operations in the Mediterranean
Read news item
blende11.photo © adobestock.com, 2020
Report / Paper / Summary
Frontières et systèmes d’information
Asile, migration et frontières
9
juillet
2021
Normes européennes sur les voies de recours, les mécanismes de plainte et les enquêtes effectives aux frontières
La présente note passe en revue les normes relatives aux droits de l'homme qui découlent de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme et du droit de l’Union européenne (UE) et qui régissent les recours effectifs contre les violations des droits de l'homme aux frontières, les mécanismes de plainte et les enquêtes sur les plaintes concernant des violations des droits aux frontières.
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
18
juin
2021
June 2021 Update – Search and Rescue (SAR) operations in the Mediterranean and fundamental rights
The International Organization for Migration estimates that about 813 people died or went missing crossing the Mediterranean Sea to reach Europe to escape war, persecution or to pursue a better life in 2021, up to 15 June. This is an average of almost five people per day. The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) collects data on NGO ships involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean, legal proceedings against them, as well as difficulties in disembarking migrants in safe ports.
Read all updates on SAR operations in the Mediterranean
Read news item
Vidéo
Asylum, migration and borders
Borders and information systems
29 March 2021
Video blog Michael O'Flaherty: Protecting migrants’ human rights together
FRA Director Michael O'Flaherty, in his latest vlog, reflects on the migration situation at the EU’s external borders. He highlights the need for sustained joined-up efforts from all relevant bodies, including civil society, to protect the wellbeing and human rights of migrants. He underlines the importance of working with local communities as we receive migrants into our communities. He also points to room for improvement is our treatment of unaccompanied children.
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
26
mars
2021
Initial-reception facilities at external borders: fundamental rights issues to consider
This note outlines how to help ensure a dignified stay for third-country nationals who are apprehended or intercepted at external borders. Specifically, FRA identifies twelve points for protection-sensitive and fundamental rights-compliant planning and design of initial-reception facilities at such borders. These are based on the agency’s work at external borders, including data collection and research activities.
FRA work in the 'hotpsots'
Download FRA Opinions on hotspots
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
18
décembre
2020
December 2020 update - NGO ships involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean and legal proceedings against them
In 2020 (until 15 December), the International Organization for Migration estimated that about 1,054 people have died or gone missing while crossing the Mediterranean Sea to reach Europe to escape war or persecution or to pursue a better life. This is an average of almost three people per day. In the past years, a significant number of migrants in distress at sea have been rescued by civil society vessels deployed with a humanitarian mandate to reduce fatalities and bring rescued migrants to safety. Since 2018, however, national authorities initiated some 50 administrative and criminal proceedings against crew members or vessels, also seizing the latter. In some cases, rescue vessels were blocked in harbours due to flag issues or the inability to meet maritime safety-related and other technical requirements.
Periodic updates / Series
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
8
décembre
2020
Migration: Fundamental rights issues at land borders
This report looks at fundamental rights compliance at the European Union (EU)’s external land borders, including rivers and lakes. On 30 January 2020, the European Parliament requested the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) to prepare a report on these borders. It noted that the report should focus on the correct application of the safeguards in the European asylum acquis and the provisions of the Schengen Borders Code (Regulation (EU) 2016/399).
blende11.photo © adobestock.com, 2020
Handbook / Guide / Manual
Frontières et systèmes d’information
Asile, migration et frontières
24
juillet
2020
Contrôles aux frontières et droits fondamentaux aux frontières terrestres extérieures
Les présentes orientations sont destinées aux agents chargés de la gestion des frontières au sein des États membres de l’Union européenne (UE) qui travaillent au niveau opérationnel. Elles visent à les aider à mettre en oeuvre, dans leurs activités quotidiennes, les garanties relatives aux droits fondamentaux du code frontières Schengen [règlement (UE) 2016/399] et le droit de l’Union correspondant.
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
Support for human rights systems and defenders
Civil society
19
juin
2020
June 2020 update - NGO ships involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean and legal proceedings against them
In 2019, the International Organization for Migration estimated that 1,866 people have died or gone missing while crossing the Mediterranean Sea to reach Europe to escape war or persecution or to pursue a better life. This is an average of five people per day. In recent years, a significant proportion of migrants in distress at sea have been rescued by civil society vessels deployed with a humanitarian mandate to reduce fatalities and bring rescued migrants to safety. Since 2018, however, authorities in some EU Member States started viewing civil society-deployed rescue vessels with hostility. As a reaction, national authorities initiated about 40 administrative and criminal proceedings against crew members or vessels, including seizing the latter. In some cases, rescue vessels were blocked in harbours due to flag issues or the inability to meet technical requirements.
robsonphoto © adobestock.com, 2020
Report / Paper / Summary
Asile, migration et frontières
Frontières et systèmes d’information
27
mars
2020
Droits fondamentaux des réfugiés, des demandeurs d’asile et des migrants aux frontières européennes
Les États membres du Conseil de l’Europe (CdE) et de l’Union européenne (UE) jouissent du droit indéniable de contrôler souverainement l’entrée des étrangers sur leur territoire. Dans l’exercice du contrôle de leurs frontières, les États ont le devoir de protéger les droits fondamentaux de toutes les personnes qui se trouvent sous leur juridiction, indépendamment de leur nationalité et/ou de leur situation juridique. Cela englobe la fourniture d’un accès aux procédures d’asile, conformément au droit de l’UE.
Leaflet / Flyer
Asile, migration et frontières
Frontières et systèmes d’information
Protection des données
16
janvier
2020
Le droit à l’information ― Guide pour les autorités lors de la prise d’empreintes digitales pour Eurodac
Ce dépliant aide les agents et les autorités à informer de manière compréhensible et accessible les demandeurs d’asile et les migrants sur le traitement de leurs empreintes digitales dans Eurodac.
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