Equality

Racial and ethnic origin

EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

Highlights

  • Report / Paper / Summary
    10
    April
    2024

    Addressing Racism in Policing

    Racism in the police can include discriminatory racial profiling practices through to excessive use of force. Incidents like these highlight deeper systemic issues that need addressing. Many in society are affected by racism in policing, not only the individuals or communities targeted. Lack of trust in policing can fuel social exclusion and damages the foundations of a fair and equal society, however promising practices are developing to address these issues. This is the first EU-wide report on racism in policing. FRA’s findings identify gaps in regulatory frameworks and propose concrete steps for action.
    Read press release
  • Montage of faces of various Black people.
    Report / Paper / Summary
    25
    October
    2023

    Being Black in the EU – Experiences of people of African descent

    FRA's first Being Black in the EU report exposed widespread and entrenched racism against people of African descent in Europe. Now updated with new data, this report revisits the situation revealing persistent racial discrimination, harassment and violence. Overall, experiences of racial discrimination increased in the EU countries since 2016, reaching as high as 77%. The lack of progress is alarming despite binding anti-discrimination law in the EU since 2000 and significant EU policy developments since then.
    Read press release
  • African-American black driver is being pulled off by mixed-race female police officer.
    Report / Paper / Summary
    25
    May
    2021

    Your rights matter: Police stops - Fundamental Rights Survey

    This paper presents statistical survey data for the EU on how often people are stopped by the police, in what kind of situations they are stopped, the action taken by the police during stops, and views on whether or not the police acted respectfully.
    Read news item
    Watch video
    Access the data explorer
  • Data explorer
    04 December 2017

    Survey on Minorities and Discrimination in EU (2016)

    This survey involved interviews with 25,515 people with different ethnic minority and immigrant backgrounds across 28 EU countries. It explores issues concerning discrimination as well as experiences of harassment, hate-motivated violence and discriminatory profiling.
Products
Report / Paper / Summary
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Hate crime
Racial and ethnic origin
Religion and belief
25
October
2024

Being Muslim in the EU - Experiences of Muslims

Racism towards Muslims is increasing in countries across the EU. Muslims face racial discrimination and racist harassment because of their religion, skin colour or ethnic background. This report shows a sharp rise since the last survey in 2016.
Read press release
Report / Paper / Summary
Religion and belief
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Hate crime
Racial and ethnic origin
11
July
2024

Jewish People’s Experiences and Perceptions of Antisemitism

Antisemitism is still a reality for many Jewish people in the EU today. Faced with prejudice and hostility, most feel unable to live openly Jewish lives. This report presents the results of FRA’s third EU survey of Jewish people’s experiences and perceptions of antisemitism. The survey took place before the Hamas attacks in October 2023 and the war in Gaza; however, it includes evidence from a consultation with national and European Jewish umbrella organisations since. It covers 13 EU Member States that together account for around 96 % of the EU’s Jewish population.
Read press release
Download country data
Report / Paper / Summary
Racial and ethnic origin
Unlawful profiling
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
10
April
2024

Addressing Racism in Policing

Racism in the police can include discriminatory racial profiling practices through to excessive use of force. Incidents like these highlight deeper systemic issues that need addressing. Many in society are affected by racism in policing, not only the individuals or communities targeted. Lack of trust in policing can fuel social exclusion and damages the foundations of a fair and equal society, however promising practices are developing to address these issues. This is the first EU-wide report on racism in policing. FRA’s findings identify gaps in regulatory frameworks and propose concrete steps for action.
Read press release
Report / Paper / Summary
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Hate crime
Racial and ethnic origin
Religion and belief
2
February
2024

Technical and quality report - EU Survey on Immigrants and Descendants of Immigrants

This technical report provides all the relevant technical information on the design, implementation and finalisation of the survey on immigrants and descendants of immigrants. Details of the data collection process also contribute to the iterative improvement of survey methodologies, especially when it comes to surveying populations and groups that are considered ‘hard-to-reach’ or difficult to survey.
Video
Hate crime
Racial and ethnic origin
Religion and belief
Equality, non-discrimination and racism

Being Black in the EU – experiences of people of African descent

Findings from FRA’s Being Black in the EU report point to people of African descent experiencing widespread racism and discrimination in their daily lives.
Read the report
Montage of faces of various Black people.
Report / Paper / Summary
Racial and ethnic origin
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Hate crime
25
October
2023

Being Black in the EU – Experiences of people of African descent

FRA's first Being Black in the EU report exposed widespread and entrenched racism against people of African descent in Europe. Now updated with new data, this report revisits the situation revealing persistent racial discrimination, harassment and violence. Overall, experiences of racial discrimination increased in the EU countries since 2016, reaching as high as 77%. The lack of progress is alarming despite binding anti-discrimination law in the EU since 2000 and significant EU policy developments since then.
Read press release
Keyboard with david star key
Report / Paper / Summary
Religion and belief
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Hate crime
Racial and ethnic origin
3
November
2022

Antisemitism - Overview of antisemitic incidents recorded in the European Union 2011-2021

Antisemitic incidents and hate crimes violate fundamental rights, especially the right to human dignity, the right to equality of treatment and the freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This report provides an overview of available data on antisemitism as recorded by official and unofficial sources in the EU Member States and in Albania, North Macedonia and Serbia. The data provided by the countries are supplemented with information from international organisations.
Read news item
Download all overviews
Video
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Racial and ethnic origin

Video blog by Michael O'Flaherty: International Holocaust Remembrance Day 2022

In this vlog, FRA Director Michael O'Flaherty highlights the need to work together to tackle hate and discrimination in our societies.
Report / Paper / Summary
Religion and belief
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Racial and ethnic origin
9
November
2021

Antisemitism: Overview of antisemitic incidents recorded in the European Union 2010-2020

Antisemitic incidents and hate crimes violate fundamental rights, especially the right to human dignity, the right to equality of treatment, and the freedom of thought, conscience and religion. This report provides an overview of available data on antisemitism as recorded by official and unofficial sources in the EU Member States as well as Albania, North Macedonia and Serbia. The data provided by the countries are supplemented with information from international organisations.
Read news item
African-American black driver is being pulled off by mixed-race female police officer.
Report / Paper / Summary
Racial and ethnic origin
Unlawful profiling
Security
25
May
2021

Your rights matter: Police stops - Fundamental Rights Survey

This paper presents statistical survey data for the EU on how often people are stopped by the police, in what kind of situations they are stopped, the action taken by the police during stops, and views on whether or not the police acted respectfully.
Read news item
Watch video
Access the data explorer
Video
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Religion and belief
Racial and ethnic origin

FRA Director at the 2021 Mayors Summit Against Anti-Semitism

This video statement by FRA Director Michael O’Flaherty was recorded for the online event '2021 Mayors Summit Against Anti-Semitism' which took place on 16 March 2021. The event was hosted by the city of Frankfurt am Main in partnership with the Combat Anti-Semitism Movement (CAM).
Visit the event website
Download survey findings
Front cover of FRA antisemitism overview 2020
Report / Paper / Summary
Religion and belief
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Hate crime
Racial and ethnic origin
10
September
2020

Antisemitism: Overview of antisemitic incidents recorded in the European Union 2009-2019

Antisemitism can be expressed in the form of verbal and physical attacks, threats, harassment, discrimination and unequal treatment, property damage and graffiti or other forms of speech or text, including on the internet. Antisemitic incidents and hate crimes violate fundamental rights, especially the right to human dignity, the right to equality of treatment and the freedom of thought, conscience and religion.
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Racial and ethnic origin
11
November
2019

Being Black in the EU - Summary

Across the EU, people of African descent face widespread and entrenched prejudice and exclusion. Racial discrimination and harassment are commonplace. Experiences with racist violence vary, but reach as high as 14 %. Discriminatory profiling by the police is a common reality. Hurdles to inclusion are multi-faceted, particularly when it comes to looking for jobs and housing.
Report / Paper / Summary
Religion and belief
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Hate crime
Racial and ethnic origin
8
November
2019

Antisemitism - Overview of data available in the European Union 2008–2018

This annual overview provides an update of the most recent figures on antisemitic incidents, covering the period 1 January 2008 – 31 December 2018, across the EU Member States, where data are available. It includes a section that presents evidence from international organisations. In addition, for the first time, it provides an overview of how Member States that have adopted or endorsed the non-legally binding working definition of antisemitism adopted by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) (2016) use or intend to use it.
Report / Paper / Summary
Legal migration and integration
Asylum, migration and borders
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Racial and ethnic origin
Sex, sexual orientation and gender
12
September
2019

Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey - Migrant women - selected findings

FRA’s second EU Minorities and Discrimination survey (EU-MIDIS II) collected information from over 25,000 respondents with different ethnic minority and immigrant backgrounds across all 28 EU Member States. The main findings from the survey, published in 2017, pointed to a number of differences in the way women and men with immigrant backgrounds across the European Union (EU) experience how their rights are respected. This report summarises some of the most relevant survey findings in this regard, which show the need for targeted, gender-sensitive measures that promote the integration of – specifically – women who are immigrants or descendants of immigrants.
Report / Paper / Summary
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Children, youth and older people
Hate crime
Racial and ethnic origin
Religion and belief
4
July
2019

Young Jewish Europeans: perceptions and experiences of antisemitism

Based on FRA’s second large-scale survey on experiences and perceptions of antisemitism, this report focuses on the perspectives of young Jewish Europeans (aged 16-34) living in twelve EU Member States. It first describes this particular group and takes a look at defining antisemitism and understanding the place of Israel in it.
Read press release
Infographic
Racial and ethnic origin
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Roma

The plight of Roma sees little change

Fundamental Rights Report 2019: Anti-Gypsyism across the EU remains a persistent barrier to improving the social and
economic situation of Roma today.
Infographic
Racial and ethnic origin
Equality, non-discrimination and racism

Widespread racism continues to plague Europe

Fundamental Rights Report 2019: Ethnic minorities and migrants continue to face harassment and discrimination across the EU,
despite longstanding EU laws against racism.
Infographic
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Racial and ethnic origin
Religion and belief
Sex, sexual orientation and gender

Challenges for progress towards equality

Fundamental Rights Report 2019: Efforts to advance equality moved ahead in some areas but remain stalled in others.
Report / Paper / Summary
Hate crime
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Racial and ethnic origin
Religion and belief
Security
8
March
2019

Experiences and perceptions of antisemitism - Second survey on discrimination and hate crime against Jews in the EU - Summary

This summary outlines the main findings of FRA’s second survey on Jewish people’s experiences with hate crime, discrimination and antisemitism in the European Union – the biggest survey of Jewish people ever conducted worldwide.