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Článok 17 - Vlastnícke právo

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Článok 17 - Vlastnícke právo

1. Každý má právo vlastniť svoj oprávnene nadobudnutý majetok, užívať ho, nakladať s ním a odkázať ho. Nikoho nemožno zbaviť jeho majetku, s výnimkou verejného záujmu, v prípadoch a za podmienok, ktoré ustanovuje zákon, pričom musí byť včas vyplatená spravodlivá náhrada. Užívanie majetku môže byť upravené zákonom v nevyhnutnej miere v súlade so všeobecným záujmom.
2. Duševné vlastníctvo je chránené.

CHARTERPEDIA RESOURCES

Vysvetlivky

  • Text:

    Tento článok zodpovedá článku 1 Dodatkového protokolu k EDĽP:
    `Každá fyzická alebo právnická osoba má právo pokojne užívať svoj majetok. Nikoho nemožno zbaviť jeho majetku s výnimkou verejného záujmu a za podmienok, ktoré ustanovuje zákon a všeobecné zásady medzinárodného práva.
    Predchádzajúce ustanovenie nebráni právu štátov prijímať zákony, ktoré považujú za nevyhnutné, aby upravili užívanie majetku v súlade so všeobecným záujmom a zabezpečili platenie daní a iných poplatkov alebo pokút.`
    Ide o základné právo, ktoré je spoločné pre všetky národné ústavy. Bolo mnohokrát opakovane uznané judikatúrou Súdneho dvora, prvýkrát v rozsudku Hauer z 13. decembra 1979 (Zb. 1979, s. 3727). Znenie sa modernizovalo, ale v súlade s článkom 52 ods. 3 je význam a rozsah tohto práva rovnaký ako práva zaručeného EDĽP a obmedzenia nesmú prekročiť tie, ktoré sú v ňom ustanovené.
    Ochrana duševného vlastníctva, ktorá je jedným z aspektov vlastníckeho práva, je výslovne uvedená v odseku 2 z dôvodu jej narastajúceho významu a sekundárnej legislatívy Spoločenstva. Duševné vlastníctvo sa nevzťahuje len na literárne a umelecké vlastníctvo, ale okrem iného aj na práva z patentov, práva z ochranných známok, ako aj príbuzné práva. Záruky ustanovené v odseku 1 sa primeraným spôsobom vzťahujú na duševné vlastníctvo.

    Source:
    Úradný vestník Európskej únie C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
    Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
    Ďalej uvedené vysvetlivky boli pôvodne pripravené pod vedením predsedníctva konventu, ktorý vypracoval návrh Charty základných práv Európskej únie. Boli aktualizované pod vedením predsedníctva Európskeho konventu so zreteľom na úpravy, ktoré urobil tento konvent k textu charty (najmä k článkom 51 a 52), a vývoj práva Únie. Hoci tieto vysvetlivky nie sú ako také právne záväzné, predstavujú cenný nástroj výkladu, ktorý je určený na objasnenie ustanovení charty.

Prípadové právo

  • CJEU Case C-307/18 / Judgment
    Generics (UK) Ltd and Others v Competition and Markets Authority
    Decision date:
  • CJEU Case C-314/10 / Order
    Hubert Pagnoul v Belgian State
    Decision date:
  • CJEU Case C-322/16 / Judgment
    Global Starnet Ltd v Ministero dell'Economia e delle Finanze and Amministrazione Autonoma Monopoli di Stato
    Decision date:
  • CJEU Case C-322/16 / Opinion
    Global Starnet Ltd v Ministero dell'Economia e delle Finanze and Amministrazione Autonoma Monopoli di Stato. Request for a preliminary ruling from the Consiglio di Stato.
    Decision date:
  • CJEU Case C-351/22 / Judgment
    Neves 77 Solutions SRL v Agenţia Naţională de Administrare Fiscală – Direcţia Generală Antifraudă Fiscală
    Decision date:
  • CJEU Case C-365/23 / Judgment
    Arce
    Decision date:
  • CJEU Case C-37/24 / Judgment
    DADA Music SRL and Uniunea Producătorilor de Fonograme din România (UPFR) v Asociaţia Radiourilor Locale şi Regionale (ARLR)
    Decision date:
  • CJEU Case C-384/17 / Opinion
    Dooel Uvoz-Izvoz Skopje Link Logistic N&N v Budapest Rendőrfőkapitánya
    Decision date:
  • CJEU Case C-391/23 / Judgment
    Braila Winds SRL v DGRFP București - Administrația Fiscală pentru Contribuabili Mijlocii București and Others
    Decision date:
  • CJEU Case C-392/19 / Judgment
    VG Bild-Kunst v Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz
    Decision date:

Vnútroštátne ústavné právo

44 results found

  • Eesti Vabariigi Põhiseadus
    URL:
    Eesti Vabariigi Põhiseadus
    Štát:
    Estonia

    § 32. Igaühe omand on puutumatu ja võrdselt kaitstud. Omandit võib omaniku nõusolekuta võõrandada ainult seaduses sätestatud juhtudel ja korras üldistes huvides õiglase ja kohese hüvituse eest. Igaühel, kelle vara on tema nõusolekuta võõrandatud, on õigus pöörduda kohtusse ning vaidlustada vara võõrandamine, hüvitus või selle suurus. Igaühel on õigus enda omandit vabalt vallata, kasutada ja käsutada. Kitsendused sätestab seadus. Omandit ei tohi kasutada üldiste huvide vastaselt. Seadus võib üldistes huvides sätestada vara liigid, mida tohivad Eestis omandada ainult Eesti kodanikud, mõnda liiki juriidilised isikud, kohalikud omavalitsused või Eesti riik. Pärimisõigus on tagatud.
    § 39. Autoril on võõrandamatu õigus oma loomingule. Riik kaitseb autori õigusi.

  • Gesetz über Urheberrecht und verwandte Schutzrechte (UrhG)
    URL:
    Gesetz über Urheberrecht und verwandte Schutzrechte (UrhG)
    Štát:
    Germany

     

     

     

  • Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland
    URL:
    Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland
    Štát:
    Germany

    Artikel 14 (1) Das Eigentum und das Erbrecht werden gewährleistet. Inhalt und Schranken werden durch die Gesetze bestimmt. (2) Eigentum verpflichtet. Sein Gebrauch soll zugleich dem Wohle der Allgemeinheit dienen. (3) Eine Enteignung ist nur zum Wohle der Allgemeinheit zulässig. Sie darf nur durch Gesetz oder auf Grund eines Gesetzes erfolgen, das Art und Ausmaß der Entschädigung regelt. Die Entschädigung ist unter gerechter Abwägung der Interessen der Allgemeinheit und der Beteiligten zu bestimmen. Wegen der Höhe der Entschädigung steht im Streitfalle der Rechtsweg vor den ordentlichen Gerichten offen. Artikel 15 Grund und Boden, Naturschätze und Produktionsmittel können zum Zwecke der Vergesellschaftung durch ein Gesetz, das Art und Ausmaß der Entschädigung regelt, in Gemeineigentum oder in andere Formen der Gemeinwirtschaft überführt werden. Für die Entschädigung gilt Artikel 14 Abs. 3 Satz 3 und 4 entsprechend.

  • Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
    URL:
    Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
    Štát:
    Poland

    Art. 21. 1. Rzeczpospolita Polska chroni własność i prawo dziedziczenia. 2. Wywłaszczenie jest dopuszczalne jedynie wówczas, gdy jest dokonywane na cele publiczne i za słusznym odszkodowaniem. Art. 46. Przepadek rzeczy może nastąpić tylko w przypadkach określonych w ustawie i tylko na podstawie prawomocnego orzeczenia sądu. Art. 64. 1. Każdy ma prawo do własności, innych praw majątkowych oraz prawo dziedziczenia. 2. Własność, inne prawa majątkowe oraz prawo dziedziczenia podlegają równej dla wszystkich ochronie prawnej. 3. Własność może być ograniczona tylko w drodze ustawy i tylko w zakresie, w jakim nie narusza ona istoty prawa własności.

  • La Constitution Belge
    URL:
    La Constitution Belge
    Štát:
    Belgium

    Article 15Le domicile est inviolable; aucune visite domiciliaire ne peut avoir lieu que dans les cas prévus par la loi et dans la forme qu'elle prescrit.Article 16 Nul ne peut être privé de sa propriété que pour cause d'utilité publique, dans les cas et de la manière établis par la loi, et moyennant une juste et préalable indemnité.Article 17La peine de la confiscation des biens ne peut être établie.Article 191Tout étranger qui se trouve sur le territoire de la Belgique jouit de la protection accordée aux personnes et aux biens, sauf les exceptions établies par la loi.

  • Latvijas Republikas Satversme
    URL:
    Latvijas Republikas Satversme
    Štát:
    Latvia

    105. Ikvienam ir tiesības uz īpašumu. Īpašumu nedrīkst izmantot pretēji sabiedrības interesēm. Īpašuma tiesības var ierobežot vienīgi saskaņā ar likumu. Īpašuma piespiedu atsavināšana sabiedrības vajadzībām pieļaujama tikai izņēmuma gadījumos uz atsevišķa likuma pamata pret taisnīgu atlīdzību. 113. Valsts atzīst zinātniskās, mākslinieciskās un citādas jaunrades brīvību, kā arī aizsargā autortiesības un patenttiesības.

  • Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija
    URL:
    Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija
    Štát:
    Lithuania

    23 straipsnis. Nuosavybė neliečiama. Nuosavybės teises saugo įstatymai. Nuosavybė gali būti paimama tik įstatymo nustatyta tvarka visuomenės poreikiams ir teisingai atlyginama. 42 straipsnis. Dvasinius ir materialinius autoriaus interesus, susijusius su mokslo, technikos, kultūros ir meno kūryba, saugo ir gina įstatymas.

  • Luxembourg / Constitution of the Grand Ducal of Luxembourg
    URL:
    Constitution du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg
    Štát:
    Luxembourg

    Art. 36. Nul ne peut être privé de sa propriété que pour cause d’utilité publique et moyennant juste indemnité, dans les cas et de la manière déterminés par la loi.

    ...

    Art. 40. L’Etat veille à ce que toute personne puisse vivre dignement et disposer d’un logement approprié.

  • Magyarország Alaptörvénye
    URL:
    Magyarország Alaptörvénye
    Štát:
    Hungary

    XIII. cikk (SZABADSÁG ÉS FELELŐSSÉG)(1) Mindenkinek joga van a tulajdonhoz és az örökléshez. A tulajdon társadalmi felelősséggel jár. (2) Tulajdont kisajátítani csak kivételesen és közérdekből, törvényben meghatározott esetekben és módon, teljes, feltétlen és azonnali kártalanítás mellett lehet.

  • Netherlands / Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
    URL:
    Grondwet voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden
    Štát:
    Netherlands

    Article 14 1. Expropriation may take place only in the public interest and on prior assurance of full compensation, in accordance with regulations laid down by or pursuant to Act of Parliament. 2. Prior assurance of full compensation shall not be required if in an emergency immediate expropriation is called for. 3. In the cases laid down by or pursuant to Act of Parliament there shall be a right to full or partial compensation if in the public interest the competent authority destroys property or renders it unusable or restricts the exercise of the owner’s rights to it.

  • Portugal / Constitution of the Portuguese Republic
    URL:
    Constituição da República Portuguesa
    Štát:
    Portugal

    Article 62 (Right to private property) (1) Everyone shall be guaranteed the right to private property and to the transmission thereof in life or upon death, as laid down by this Constitution. (2) Requisitions and expropriations in the public interest shall only occur on a legal basis and upon payment of just compensation.

  • Romania / Constitution of Romania
    URL:
    Constituția României
    Štát:
    Romania

    Article 44 (1) The right of property, as well as the debts incurring on the State are guaranteed. The content and limitations of these rights shall be established by law. (2) Private property shall be equally guaranteed and protected by the law, irrespective of its owner. Foreign citizens and stateless persons shall only acquire the right to private property of land under the terms resulting from Romania's accession to the European Union and other international treaties Romania is a party to, on a mutual basis, under the terms stipulated by an organic law, as well as a result of lawful inheritance. (3) No one shall be expropriated, except on grounds of public utility, established according to the law, against just compensation paid in advance. (4) The nationalization or any other measures of forcible transfer of assets to public property based on the owners' social, ethnic, religious, political, or other discriminatory features. (5) For projects of general interest, the public authorities are entitled to use the subsoil of any real estate with the obligation to pay compensation to its owner for the damages caused to the soil, plantations or buildings, as well as for other damages imputable to these authorities. (6) Compensation provided under paragraphs (3) and (5) shall be agreed upon with the owner, or by the decision of the court when a settlement cannot be reached. (7) The right of property compels to the observance of duties relating to environmental protection and ensurance of neighbourliness, as well as of other duties incumbent upon the owner, in accordance with the law or custom. (8) Legally acquired assets shall not be confiscated. Legality of acquirement shall be presumed. (9) Any goods intended for, used or resulting from a criminal or minor offence may be confiscated only in accordance with the provisions of the law.

    Article 135 (...) (2) The State must secure: (...) c) stimulation of national scientific and technological research, arts, and protection of copyright;

    Article 136 (1) Property is public or private. (...) (5) Private property is inviolable, in accordance with the organic law.

  • Slovensko / Ústava Slovenskej republiky
    URL:
    Ústava Slovenskej republiky
    Štát:
    Slovensko

    Čl. 20 (1) Každý má právo vlastniť majetok. Vlastnícke právo všetkých vlastníkov má rovnaký zákonný obsah a ochranu. Majetok nadobudnutý v rozpore s právnym poriadkom ochranu nepožíva. Dedenie sa zaručuje. (2) Zákon ustanoví, ktorý ďalší majetok okrem majetku uvedeného v čl. 4 tejto ústavy, nevyhnutný na zabezpečovanie potrieb spoločnosti, potravinovej bezpečnosti štátu, rozvoja národného hospodárstva a verejného záujmu, môže byť iba vo vlastníctve štátu, obce, určených právnických alebo určených fyzických osôb. Zákon tiež môže ustanoviť, že určité veci môžu byť iba vo vlastníctve občanov alebo právnických osôb so sídlom v Slovenskej republike. (3) Vlastníctvo zaväzuje. Nemožno ho zneužiť na ujmu práv iných alebo v rozpore so všeobecnými záujmami chránenými zákonom. Výkon vlastníckeho práva nesmie poškodzovať ľudské zdravie, prírodu, kultúrne pamiatky a životné prostredie nad mieru ustanovenú zákonom. (4) Vyvlastnenie alebo nútené obmedzenie vlastníckeho práva je možné iba v nevyhnutnej miere a vo verejnom záujme, a to na základe zákona a za primeranú náhradu.(5) Iné zásahy do vlastníckeho práva možno dovoliť iba vtedy, ak ide o majetok nadobudnutý nezákonným spôsobom alebo z nelegálnych príjmov a ide o opatrenie nevyhnutné v demokratickej spoločnosti pre bezpečnosť štátu, ochranu verejného poriadku, mravnosti alebo práv a slobôd iných. Podmienky ustanoví zákon.

    Čl. 43 (1) Sloboda vedeckého bádania a umenia sa zaručuje. Práva na výsledky tvorivej duševnej činnosti chráni zákon.(...)

  • Slovenia / Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia
    URL:
    Ustava Republike Slovenije
    Štát:
    Slovenia

    Article 33 The right to private property and inheritance shall be guaranteed.

    Article 67 The manner in which property is acquired and enjoyed shall be established by law so as to ensure its economic, social and environmental function. The manner and conditions of inheritance shall be established by law.

    Article 68 Aliens may acquire ownership rights to real estate under conditions provided by law. Aliens may not acquire title to land except by inheritance, under the condition of reciprocity. (amended in 1997, Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia No. 42/97) Aliens may acquire ownership rights to real estate under conditions provided by law or if so provided by a treaty ratified by the National Assembly, under the condition of reciprocity. Such law and treaty from the preceding paragraph shall be adopted by the National Assembly by a two-thirds majority vote of all deputies.(amended in 2003, Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia No. 24/03) Aliens may acquire ownership rights to real estate under conditions provided by law or a treaty ratified by the National Assembly.

    Article 69 Ownership rights to real estate may be revoked or limited in the public interest with the provision of compensation in kind or monetary compensation under conditions established by law.

  • Spain / Constitution of the Kingdom of Spain
    URL:
    Constitutión Española
    Štát:
    Spain

    Section 33 (1) The right to private property and inheritance is recognized. (2) The social function of these rights shall determine the limits of their content in accordance with the law. (3) No one may be deprived of his or her property and rights, except on justified grounds of public utility or social interest and with a proper compensation in accordance with the law.

  • Suomen perustuslaki
    URL:
    Suomen perustuslaki
    Štát:
    Finland

    15 § Omaisuuden suoja Jokaisen omaisuus on turvattu. Omaisuuden pakkolunastuksesta yleiseen tarpeeseen täyttä korvausta vastaan säädetään lailla.

  • The Belgian Constitution
    URL:
    The Belgian Constitution
    Štát:
    Belgium

    Article 15One’s home is inviolable; no house search may take place except in the cases provided for by the law and in the form prescribed by the law.Article 16 No one can be deprived of his property except in the case of expropriation for a public purpose, in the cases and manner established by the law and in return for fair compensation paid beforehand.Article 17 Assets may not be confiscated as a means of punishment.Article 191 All foreigners on Belgian soil benefit from the protection provided to persons and property, except for those exceptions provided for by the law.

  • The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus
    URL:
    The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus
    Štát:
    Cyprus

    Article 23
    1. Every person, alone or jointly with others, has the right to acquire, own, possess, enjoy or dispose of any movable or immovable property and has the right to respect for such right.
    The right of the Republic to underground water, minerals and antiquities is reserved.
    2. No deprivation or restriction or limitation of any such right shall be made except as provided in this Article.
    3. Restrictions or limitations which are absolutely necessary in the interest of the public safety or the public health or the public morals or the town and country planning or the development and utilisation of any property to the promotion of the public benefit or for the protection of the rights of others may be imposed by law on the exercise of such right.
    Just compensation shall be promptly paid for any such restrictions or limitations which materially decrease the economic value of such property:
    such compensation to be determined in case of disagreement by a civil court.
    4. Any movable or immovable property or any right over or interest in any such property may be compulsorily acquired by the Republic or by a municipal corporation or by a Communal Chamber for the educational, religious, charitable or sporting institutions, bodies or establishments within its competence and only from the persons belonging to its respective Community or by a public corporation or a public utility body on which such right has been conferred by law, and only -
    (a) for a purpose which is to the public benefit and shall be specially provided by a general law for compulsory acquisition which shall be enacted within a year from the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution; and
    (b) when such purpose is established by a decision of the acquiring authority and made under the provisions of such law stating clearly the reasons for such acquisition; and
    (c) upon the payment in cash and in advance of a just and equitable compensation to be determined in case of disagreement by a civil court.
    5. Any immovable property or any right over or interest in any such property compulsorily acquired shall only be used for the purpose for which fit has been acquired. If within three years of the acquisition such purpose has not been attained, the acquiring authority shall, immediately after the expiration of the said period of three years, offer the property at the price it has been acquired to the person from whom it has been acquired. Such person shall be entitled within three months of the receipt of such offer to signify his acceptance or non-acceptance of the offer, and if he signifies acceptance, such property shall be returned to him immediately after his returning such price within a further period of three months from such acceptance.
    6. In the event of agricultural reform, lands shall be distributed only to persons belonging to the same Community as the owner from whom such land has been compulsorily acquired.
    7. Nothing in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article contained shall affect the provisions of any law made for the purpose of levying execution in respect of any tax or penalty, executing any judgement, enforcing any contractual obligation or for the prevention of danger to life or property.
    8. Any movable or immovable property may be requisitioned by the Republic or by a Communal Chamber for the purposes of the educational, religious,, charitable or sporting institutions, bodies or establishments within its competence and only where the owner and the person entitled to possession of such property belong to the respective Community, and only -
    (a) for a purpose which is to the public benefit and shall be specially provided by a general law for requisitioning which shall be enacted within a year from the date of the coming into operation of this Constitution; and
    (b) when such purpose is established by a decision of the requisitioning authority and made under the provisions of such law stating clearly the reasons for such requisitioning; and
    (c) for a period not exceeding three years; and
    (d) upon the prompt payment in cash of a just and equitable compensation to be determined in case of disagreement by a civil court.
    9. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Article no deprivation restriction or limitation of the right provided in paragraph I of this Article. in respect of any movable or immovable property belonging to any See, monastery, church or any other ecclesiastical corporation or any right over it or interest therein shall be made except with the written consent of the appropriate ecclesiastical authority being in control of such property and the provisions of paragraphs 3, 4, 7 and 8 of this Article shall be subject to the provisions of this paragraph:
    Provided that restrictions or limitations for the purposes of town and country planning under the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Article are exempted from the provisions of this paragraph.
    10. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Article, no deprivation, restriction or limitation of any right provided in paragraph 1 of this Article in respect of any vakf movable or immovable property, including the objects and subjects of the vakfs and the properties belonging to the Mosques or to any other Moslem religious institutions, or any right thereon or interest therein shall be made except with the approval of theTurkish Communal Chamber and subject to the Laws and Principles of Vakfs and the provisions of paragraphs 3, 4, 7 and 8 of this Article shall be subject to the provisions of this paragraph:
    Provided that restrictions or limitations for the purposes of town and country planning under the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Article are exempted from the provisions of this paragraph.
    11. Any interested person shall have the right of recourse to the court in respect of or under any of the provisions of this Article, and such recourse shall act as a stay of proceedings for the compulsory acquisition; and in case of any restriction or limitation imposed under paragraph 3 of this Article, the court shall have power to order stay of any proceedings in respect thereof.
    Any decision of the court under this paragraph shall be subject to appeal.

  • The Constitutional Act of Denmark
    URL:
    The Constitutional Act of Denmark
    Štát:
    Denmark

    Section 73. Subsection 1. The right of property shall be inviolable. No person shall be ordered to surrender his property except when required in the public interest. It shall be done only as provided by statute and against full compensation. Subsection 2. When a Bill has been passed relating to the expropriation of property, one third of the Members of the Folketing may, within three weekdays from the final passing of such a Bill, demand that it shall not be presented for the Royal Assent until new elections to the Folketing have been held and the Bill has again been passed by the Folketing assembling thereafter. Subsection 3. Any question of the legality of an act of expropriation, and the amount of compensation, may be brought before the courts of justice. The hearing of issues relating to the amount of the compensation may by statute be referred to courts of justice established for such a purpose.

  • The Fundamental Law of Hungary
    URL:
    The Fundamental Law of Hungary
    Štát:
    Hungary

    Article XIII (Freedom and Responsibility) (1) Everyone shall have the right to property and inheritance. Property shall entail social
    responsibility.
    (2) Property may only be expropriated exceptionally, in the public interest and in those cases and ways provided for by an Act, subject to full, unconditional and immediate compensation.

Právo EÚ

7 results found

  • Council Regulation (EU) 2016/1103 of 24 June 2016 implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of jurisdiction, applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of matrimonial property regimes
    URL:
    Council Regulation (EU) 2016/1103 of 24 June 2016 implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of jurisdiction, applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matters of matrimonial property regimes

    [...]

    (73) This Regulation respects fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in the Charter, in particular Articles 7, 9, 17, 21 and 47 concerning, respectively, respect for private and family life, the right to marry and to found a family according to national laws, property rights, the principle of non-discrimination and the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial. This Regulation should be applied by the courts and other competent authorities of the Member States in compliance with those rights and principles.

    [...]

  • Directive (EU) 2022/2381 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 November 2022 on improving the gender balance among directors of listed companies and related measures
    URL:
    Directive (EU) 2022/2381 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 November 2022 on improving the gender balance among directors of listed companies and related measures

    Article 1

    Purpose

    This Directive aims to achieve a more balanced representation of women and men among the directors of listed companies by establishing effective measures that aim to accelerate progress towards gender balance, while allowing listed companies sufficient time to make the necessary arrangements for that purpose.

  • Directive (EU) 2015/2436 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2015 to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks
    URL:
    (Directive to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade marks)

    Article 3 - Signs of which a trade mark may consist
    ‘A trade mark may consist of any signs, in particular words, including personal names, or designs, letters, numerals, colours, the shape of goods or of the packaging of goods, or sounds, provided that such signs are capable of:
    (a) distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings; and
    (b) being represented on the register in a manner which enables the competent authorities and the public to determine the clear and precise subject matter of the protection afforded to its proprietor.‘
    Article 10 - Rights conferred by a trade mark
    ‘1. The registration of a trade mark shall confer on the proprietor exclusive rights therein.
    2. Without prejudice to the rights of proprietors acquired before the filing date or the priority date of the registered trade mark, the proprietor of that registered trade mark shall be entitled to prevent all third parties not having his consent from using in the course of trade, in relation to goods or services, any sign where:
    (a) the sign is identical with the trade mark and is used in relation to goods or services which are identical with those for which the trade mark is registered;
    (b) the sign is identical with, or similar to, the trade mark and is used in relation to goods or services which are identical with, or similar to, the goods or services for which the trade mark is registered, if there exists a likelihood of confusion on the part of the public; the likelihood of confusion includes the likelihood of association between the sign and the trade mark;
    (c) the sign is identical with, or similar to, the trade mark irrespective of whether it is used in relation to goods or services which are identical with, similar to, or not similar to, those for which the trade mark is registered, where the latter has a reputation in the Member State and where use of that sign without due cause takes unfair advantage of, or is detrimental to, the distinctive character or the repute of the trade mark.‘

  • Directive 2014/42/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 on the freezing and confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of crime in the European Union
    URL:
    (Directive on the freezing and confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of crime in the EU)

    Preamble:
    ‘(31) Given the limitation of the right to property by freezing orders, such provisional measures should not be maintained longer than necessary to preserve the availability of the property with a view to possible subsequent confiscation. This may require a review by the court in order to ensure that the purpose of preventing the dissipation of property remains valid.‘

  • Regulation (EU) 2017/1001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 on the European Union trade mark (Text with EEA relevance.)
    URL:
    (Regulation on the European Union trade mark)

    Article 1 - EU trade mark
    ‘1. A trade mark for goods or services which is registered in accordance with the conditions contained in this Regulation and in the manner herein provided is hereinafter referred to as a ‘European Union trade mark (“EU trade mark”)’.
    2. An EU trade mark shall have a unitary character. It shall have equal effect throughout the Union: it shall not be registered, transferred or surrendered or be the subject of a decision revoking the rights of the proprietor or declaring it invalid, nor shall its use be prohibited, save in respect of the whole Union. This principle shall apply unless otherwise provided for in this Regulation.‘
    Article 4 - Signs of which an EU trade mark may consist
    ‘An EU trade mark may consist of any signs, in particular words, including personal names, or designs, letters, numerals, colours, the shape of goods or of the packaging of goods, or sounds, provided that such signs are capable of:
    (a) distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings; and
    (b) being represented on the Register of European Union trade marks (‘the Register’), in a manner which enables the competent authorities and the public to determine the clear and precise subject matter of the protection afforded to its proprietor.‘

  • Regulation (EU) No 608/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 June 2013 concerning customs enforcement of intellectual property rights and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1383/2003
    URL:
    (Regulation concerning customs enforcement of intellectual property rights)

    Article 3 - Entitlement to submit an application
    ‘The following persons and entities shall, to the extent they are entitled to initiate proceedings, in order to determine whether an intellectual property right has been infringed, in the Member State or Member States where the customs authorities are requested to take action, be entitled to submit:
    (1) a national or a Union application:
    (a) right-holders;
    (b) intellectual property collective rights management bodies as referred to in point (c) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2004/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the enforcement of intellectual property rights (21);
    (c) professional defence bodies as referred to in point (d) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2004/48/EC;
    (d) groups within the meaning of point (2) of Article 3, and Article 49(1) of Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012, groups of producers within the meaning of Article 118e of Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 or similar groups of producers provided for in Union law governing geographical indications representing producers of products with a geographical indication or representatives of such groups, in particular Regulations (EEC) No 1601/91 and (EC) No 110/2008 and operators entitled to use a geographical indication as well as inspection bodies or authorities competent for such a geographical indication;
    (2) a national application:
    (a) persons or entities authorised to use intellectual property rights, which have been authorised formally by the right-holder to initiate proceedings in order to determine whether the intellectual property right has been infringed;
    (b) groups of producers provided for in the legislation of the Member States governing geographical indications representing producers of products with geographical indications or representatives of such groups and operators entitled to use a geographical indication, as well as inspection bodies or authorities competent for such a geographical indication;
    (3) a Union application: holders of exclusive licenses covering the entire territory of two or more Member States, where those licence holders have been authorised formally in those Member States by the right-holder to initiate proceedings in order to determine whether the intellectual property right has been infringed.‘

  • Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA
    URL:
    (Directive on Minimum protection standards of victims of crime)

    Preamble:

    (14) In applying this Directive, children's best interests must be a primary consideration, in accordance with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted on 20 November 1989. Child victims should be considered and treated as the full bearers of rights set out in this Directive and should be entitled to exercise those rights in a manner that takes into account their capacity to form their own views.
    (16) Victims of terrorism have suffered attacks that are intended ultimately to harm society. They may therefore need special attention, support and protection due to the particular nature of the crime that has been committed against them. Victims of terrorism can be under significant public scrutiny and often need social recognition and respectful treatment by society. Member States should therefore take particular account of the needs of victims of terrorism, and should seek to protect their dignity and security.’
    ‘(38) [...] A main task of these services and their staff, which play an important role in supporting the victim to recover from and overcome potential harm or trauma as a result of a criminal offence, should be to inform victims about the rights set out in this Directive so that they can take decisions in a supportive environment that treats them with dignity, respect and sensitivity. The types of support that such specialist support services should offer could include providing shelter and safe accommodation, immediate medical support, referral to medical and forensic examination for evidence in cases of rape or sexual assault, short and long-term psychological counselling, trauma care, legal advice, advocacy and specific services for children as direct or indirect victims.’
    ‘(52) Measures should be available to protect the safety and dignity of victims and their family members from secondary and repeat victimisation, from intimidation and from retaliation, such as interim injunctions or protection or restraining orders.’

    (66) This Directive respects fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. In particular, it seeks to promote the right to dignity, life, physical and mental integrity, liberty and security, respect for private and family life, the right to property, the principle of non-discrimination, the principle of equality between women and men, the rights of the child, the elderly and persons with disabilities, and the right to a fair trial.

    Article 18 - Right to protection
    ‘Without prejudice to the rights of the defence, Member States shall ensure that measures are available to protect victims and their family members from secondary and repeat victimisation, from intimidation and from retaliation, including against the risk of emotional or psychological harm, and to protect the dignity of victims during questioning and when testifying. When necessary, such measures shall also include procedures established under national law for the physical protection of victims and their family members.’

Medzinárodné právo

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Informačné materiály

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