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¿Cuáles son los derechos fundamentales?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Preámbulo
Título I: Dignidad
1 - Dignidad humana
2 - Derecho a la vida
3 - Derecho a la integridad de la persona
4 - Prohibición de la tortura y de las penas o los tratos inhumanos o degradantes
5 - Prohibición de la esclavitud y del trabajo forzado
Título II: Libertades
6 - Derecho a la libertad y a la seguridad
7 - Respeto de la vida privada y familiar
8 - Protección de datos de carácter personal
9 - Derecho a contraer matrimonio y derecho a fundar una familia
10 - Libertad de pensamiento, de conciencia y de religión
11 - Libertad de expresión y de información
12 - Libertad de reunión y de asociación
13 - Libertad de las artes y de las ciencias
14 - Derecho a la educación
15 - Libertad profesional y derecho a trabajar
16 - Libertad de empresa
17 - Derecho a la propiedad
18 - Derecho de asilo
19 - Protección en caso de devolución, expulsión y extradición
Título III: Igualdad
20 - Igualdad ante la ley
21 - No discriminación
22 - Diversidad cultural, religiosa y lingüística
23 - Igualdad entre mujeres y hombres
24 - Derechos del niño
25 - Derechos de las personas mayores
26 - Integración de las personas discapacitadas
Título IV: Solidaridad
27 - Derecho a la información y consulta de los trabajadores en la empresa
28 - Derecho de negociación y de acción colectiva
29 - Derecho de acceso a los servicios de colocación
30 - Protección en caso de despido injustificado
31 - Condiciones de trabajo justas y equitativas
32 - Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work
32 - Prohibición del trabajo infantil y protección de los jóvenes en el trabajo
33 - Vida familiar y vida profesional
34 - Seguridad social y ayuda social
35 - Protección de la salud
36 - Acceso a los servicios de interés económico general
37 - Protección del medio ambiente
Título V: Ciudadanía
38 - Protección de los consumidores
39 - Derecho de sufragio activo y pasivo en las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo
40 - Derecho de sufragio activo y pasivo en las elecciones municipales
41 - Derecho a una buena administración
42 - Derecho de acceso a los documentos
43 - El defensor del pueblo europeo
44 - Derecho de petición
45 - Libertad de circulación y de residencia
Título VI: Justicia
46 - Protección diplomática y consular
47 - Derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva y a un juez imparcial
48 - Presunción de inocencia y derechos de la defensa
49 - Principios de legalidad y de proporcionalidad de los delitos y las penas
Título VII: Disposiciones generales
50 - Derecho a no ser juzgado o condenado penalmente dos veces por la misma infracción
51 - Ámbito de aplicación
52 - Alcance e interpretación de los derechos y principios
53 - Nivel de protección
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Justicia, derechos de las víctimas y cooperación judicial
Derechos de las víctimas
Derechos de los acusados
Justicia civil
Cooperación judicial y Estado de Derecho
Seguridad
Empresas y derechos humanos
Igualdad, no discriminación y racismo
Niños, niñas, jóvenes y personas mayores
Personas con discapacidad
Delito de odio
Origen racial y étnico
Religión y creencia
Personas romanís
Sexo, orientación sexual y género
Asilo, migración y fronteras
Acceso al asilo
Fronteras y sistemas de información
Protección de la infancia
Migración irregular, retorno e internamiento de inmigrantes
Migración legal e integración
Trata y explotación laboral
Protección de datos, privacidad y nuevas tecnologías
Inteligencia artificial y macrodatos
Fronteras y sistemas de información
Protección de datos
Elaboración ilícita de perfiles
Apoyo a los regímenes y a las personas que defienden los derechos humanos
Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la UE
Sistemas intergubernamentales de derechos humanos
Sistemas y órganos nacionales de derechos humanos
Sociedad civil
La Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea
La Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea
¿Cuáles son los derechos fundamentales?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Preámbulo
Título I: Dignidad
1 -
Dignidad humana
2 -
Derecho a la vida
3 -
Derecho a la integridad de la persona
4 -
Prohibición de la tortura y de las penas o los tratos inhumanos o degradantes
5 -
Prohibición de la esclavitud y del trabajo forzado
Título II: Libertades
6 -
Derecho a la libertad y a la seguridad
7 -
Respeto de la vida privada y familiar
8 -
Protección de datos de carácter personal
9 -
Derecho a contraer matrimonio y derecho a fundar una familia
10 -
Libertad de pensamiento, de conciencia y de religión
11 -
Libertad de expresión y de información
12 -
Libertad de reunión y de asociación
13 -
Libertad de las artes y de las ciencias
14 -
Derecho a la educación
15 -
Libertad profesional y derecho a trabajar
16 -
Libertad de empresa
17 -
Derecho a la propiedad
18 -
Derecho de asilo
19 -
Protección en caso de devolución, expulsión y extradición
Título III: Igualdad
20 -
Igualdad ante la ley
21 -
No discriminación
22 -
Diversidad cultural, religiosa y lingüística
23 -
Igualdad entre mujeres y hombres
24 -
Derechos del niño
25 -
Derechos de las personas mayores
26 -
Integración de las personas discapacitadas
Título IV: Solidaridad
27 -
Derecho a la información y consulta de los trabajadores en la empresa
28 -
Derecho de negociación y de acción colectiva
29 -
Derecho de acceso a los servicios de colocación
30 -
Protección en caso de despido injustificado
31 -
Condiciones de trabajo justas y equitativas
32 -
Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work
32 -
Prohibición del trabajo infantil y protección de los jóvenes en el trabajo
33 -
Vida familiar y vida profesional
34 -
Seguridad social y ayuda social
35 -
Protección de la salud
36 -
Acceso a los servicios de interés económico general
37 -
Protección del medio ambiente
Título V: Ciudadanía
38 -
Protección de los consumidores
39 -
Derecho de sufragio activo y pasivo en las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo
40 -
Derecho de sufragio activo y pasivo en las elecciones municipales
41 -
Derecho a una buena administración
42 -
Derecho de acceso a los documentos
43 -
El defensor del pueblo europeo
44 -
Derecho de petición
45 -
Libertad de circulación y de residencia
Título VI: Justicia
46 -
Protección diplomática y consular
47 -
Derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva y a un juez imparcial
48 -
Presunción de inocencia y derechos de la defensa
49 -
Principios de legalidad y de proporcionalidad de los delitos y las penas
Título VII: Disposiciones generales
50 -
Derecho a no ser juzgado o condenado penalmente dos veces por la misma infracción
51 -
Ámbito de aplicación
52 -
Alcance e interpretación de los derechos y principios
53 -
Nivel de protección
Tools
Tools
EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS
Criminal detention database
Anti-Muslim hatred database
Case-law database
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Work On Rights
Support for human rights systems and defenders
Protecting human rights defenders at risk: EU entry, stay and support
11
July
2023
Protecting human rights defenders at risk: EU entry, stay and support
Support for human rights systems and defenders
Civil society
Across the world, human rights defenders protect and uphold human rights in some of the most challenging situations. In some countries they face worrying levels of threats and attacks, intimidation and harassment. This report outlines how human rights defenders can enter and stay in the EU when they need protection. It suggests how EU institutions and Member States could use the flexibility in existing legal provisions and provide shelter for defenders who seek protection.
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Protecting human rights defenders at risk: EU entry, stay and support: Annexes I and II
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Foreword
Key findings
Risks and mobility needs of human rights defenders
Existing practices for defenders’ mobility and relocation to the EU
Patchy protection and challenging access to visas
Support for longer-term stay in the European Union is rare
Ways forward
Introduction
1. Definition, rights and responsibilities of human rights defenders in European Union policies
1.1 Who is a human rights defender?
1.2 Rights and responsibilities of human rights defenders
1.3 Human rights defenders in EU policies
1.3.1 External dimension of the European Union commitment towards human rights defenders
1.3.2 Internal dimension of the European Union commitment towards human rights defenders
2. Human rights defenders’ risks, challenges and needs
2.1 Risks for human rights defenders
2.2 Need for temporary stay in the European Union
2.2.1 Risks to life, physical integrity and liberty
2.2.2 Need for a safety net for unanticipated risk as part of broader protection plans
2.2.3 Need for recovery, rest and respite
2.2.4 Need for exchange and participation in activities
2.3 Support needs during short and long-term stay in the European Union
3. Entry and stay of third-country nationals under European Union law
3.1 Entry into the European Union
3.1.1 Border control
3.1.2 Third-country nationals requiring a visa
3.1.3 Visa-free third-country nationals
3.1.4 Processing personal data in European Union large-scale information technology systems
3.2 Stay in the European Union
3.2.1 Short-term stay
3.2.2 Residence permits
3.2.3 Asylum
3.2.4 Refugee resettlement programmes coordinated by the United Nations Commissioner for Refugees
3.3 Obstacles to accessing the European Union
4. Initiatives facilitating entry and temporary stay
4.1 Initiatives at European Union level
4.1.1 ProtectDefenders.eu
4.1.2 The European Union Temporary Relocation Platform
4.2 Member State practices
4.2.1 Czechia
4.2.2 Estonia
4.2.3 Finland
4.2.4 France
4.2.5 Germany
4.2.6 Ireland
4.2.7 Latvia
4.2.8 Lithuania
4.2.9 Netherlands
4.2.10 Poland
4.2.11 Spain
4.2.12 Sweden
4.3 Other initiatives for temporary relocation of defenders to the EU
4.3.1 Local level initiatives: International Cities of Refuge Network and Shelter City
4.3.2 Initiatives by civil society and academia
4.4 International programmes
4.4.1 Ubuntu Hub Cities
4.4.2 The Canadian refugee stream for human rights defenders
5. Ways forward
5.1 Better and more frequent use of existing flexibility in European Union law
5.2 Broaden relocation programmes
5.3 Increase awareness of human rights defenders’ work, risks and needs
5.4 Provide more adequate support during stay
5.5 Considering the specific impact of tech-assisted procedures
5.6 Addressing gaps in legislation
References
About this publication
References
Amnesty International/School of Civic Education,
Belarusian and Russian human rights defenders and activists – Priorities for support and protection, Tbilisi, October 30 – November 2, 2022
(non-public report, on file with Amnesty International)
Amnesty International (2019),
Defending Defenders: An assessment of EU action on Human Rights Defenders
CEELI Institute (2020),
Human Rights Defenders in EU Visa Policy: Recommendations for Reform
CEELI Institute (2020),
The Challenge of Applications, Reviewed by Proxy Consulate
Council of Europe, Parliamentary Assembly (2023),
PACE committee hails ‘resilience, courage and determination’ of exiled Belarusians, urges practical support for them
.
Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers (2018),
Recommendation CM/Rec(2018)11 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on the need to strengthen the protection and promotion of civil society space in Europe
Council of the European Union (2021),
Council conclusions on strengthening the application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights in the European Union
Council of the European Union (2023),
Council Conclusions on the application of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights; The role of the civic space in protecting and promoting fundamental rights in the EU
DefendDefenders (2016),
Exiled and in Limbo. Support Mechanisms for Human Rights Defenders in Exile in Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda
Elisabeth-Selbert-Initiative (n.d),
A protection programme for human rights defenders
European Commission (2020, 2021, 2022, 2023),
Rule of law reports
European Commission (2022),
Communication from the European Commission - Providing guidelines on general visa issuance in relation to Russian applicants following Council Decision (EU) 2022/1500 of 9 September 2022 on the suspension in whole of the application of the Agreement between the European Community and the Russian Federation on the facilitation of the issuance of visas to the citizens of the European Union and the Russian Federation
European Commission (2022),
A thriving civic space for upholding fundamental rights in the EU 2022 Annual Report on the Application of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
European Commission (2020),
Communication on the European democracy action plan
European Commission (2020),
Strategy to strengthen the application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights in the EU
European Commission (2010),
Follow up to the European Parliament resolution on EU policies in favour of human rights defenders
European Parliament (2023),
Report of the investigation of alleged contraventions and maladministration in the application of Union law in relation to the use of Pegasus and equivalent surveillance spyware
European Parliament (2023),
Report on the EU Guidelines on Human Rights Defenders
European Parliament (2022),
Resolution on the shrinking space for civil society in Europe (2021/2103(INI))
European Parliament (2022),
Report on a European Parliament recommendation to the Council and the Commission on the negotiations for a cooperation agreement between the European Union and the International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO-INTERPOL) | A9-0200/2022
European Parliament (2023),
European Parliament resolution of 18 January 2023 on human rights and democracy in the world
European Parliament (2021),
Briefing: Evacuation of Afghan Nationals to EU Member States
European Parliament (2010),
Resolution on EU policies in favour of human rights defenders
FRA (2023),
Surveillance by intelligence services: Fundamental rights safeguards and remedies in the EU - 2023 update
FRA (2022),
Europe’s civil society: still under pressure
FRA (2018),
Under watchful eyes
– Biometrics, EU IT-systems and fundamental rights, Luxembourg
FRA (2018),
Interoperability and fundamental rights implications
FRA (2016),
Scope of the principle of non-refoulement in contemporary border management: evolving areas of law
FRA (2015),
Legal entry channels to the EU for persons in need of international protection: a toolbox
FRA (2014),
Criminalisation of migrants in an irregular situation and of persons engaging with them – Annex (EU Member States’ legislation on irregular entry and stay, as well as facilitation of irregular entry and stay)
FRA and European Court of Human Rights (2020),
Handbook on European law relating to asylum, borders and immigration, edition 2020
FRA and ECtHR (2020),
Under watchful eyes
– Biometrics, EU IT-systems and fundamental rights, Luxembourg
FRA and ECtHR (2020),
Handbook on European law relating to asylum, borders and immigration
– Edition 2020
Freedom House (2023),
Still Not Safe: Transnational Repression in 2022
Frontline (2023),
Global Analysis 2022
Frontline (2008),
Visa for temporary relocation of Human Rights Defenders
Human Rights Defenders Memorial (n.d.),
HRD Memorial – Celebrating those who were killed defending human rights
International Partnership for Human Rights (IPHR) (2023), Study on the situation of human rights defenders in exile (not published, available on request)
Justice and Peace (2022),
Shelter City: Exploring the impact of a decade of temporary relocation experiences
OpenGlobalRights (2017), Margaret Satterthwaite,
Evidence of trauma: the impact of human rights work on advocates
ProtectDefenders.eu et al (September 2022),
Joint Statement: International Civil Society Organisations call for an effective and enabling EU VISA framework for At-Risk Human Rights Defenders
Scholars at Risk Network (2020),
20 Years of Helping Scholars & Promoting Academic Freedom
The Arrested Lawyers Initiative (2023),
Report on Turkey’s abuse of Interpol’s Stolen and Lost Travel Documents Database
United Nations General Assembly (2014),
Rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, (A/69/365)
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2011),
UNHCR Resettlement Handbook
UN-OHCHR,
Local Governments protecting Human Rights Defenders
UN-OHCHR (2004),
Fact Sheet 29: Human Rights Defenders: Protecting the Right to Defend Human Rights
5. Ways forward
About this publication
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