Skip to main content
Gaeilge
×
Select site language
Български
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
English
Español
Eesti
Suomi
Français
Gaeilge
Hrvatski
Magyar
Italiano
Lietuvių
Latviešu
Malti
Nederlands
Polski
Português
Română
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Svenska
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mastodon
Instagram
Facebook
YouTube
PeerTube
Newsletter
Top Menu
Eolas maidir le FRA
Comhar
Newsroom
Cookies
Contact
Custom Topbar
Search
×
Search the FRA website
menu-icon
Work on rights
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
Victims’ rights
Defendants’ rights
Civil justice
Judicial cooperation and rule of law
Security
Business and human rights
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Children, youth and older people
People with disabilities
Hate crime
Racial and ethnic origin
Religion and belief
Roma
Sex, sexual orientation and gender
Asylum, migration and borders
Access to asylum
Borders and information systems
Child protection
Irregular migration, return and immigration detention
Legal migration and integration
Trafficking and labour exploitation
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Artificial intelligence and big data
Borders and information systems
Data protection
Unlawful profiling
Support for human rights systems and defenders
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
Inter-governmental human rights systems
National human rights systems and bodies
Civil society
Cairt um Chearta Bunúsacha an Aontais Eorpaigh
Céard iad cearta bunúsacha?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Brollach
Teideal I: Dínit
1 - Dínit an duine
2 - Ceart chun beatha
3 - An ceart chun iomláine an duine
4 - Toirmeasc ar chéastóireacht agus ar íde nó ar phionós atá mídhaonna nó táireach
5 - Toirmeasc ar an sclábhaíocht agus ar shaothar éignithe
Teideal II: Saoirsí
6 - An ceart chun saoirse agus slándála
7 - Meas ar an saol príobháideach agus ar shaol an teaghlaigh
8 - Sonraí pearsanta a chosaint
9 - An ceart chun pósadh agus an ceart chun teaghlach a bhunú
10 - Saoirse smaoinimh, coinsiasa agus reiligiúin
11 - Saoirse chun tuairimí a nochtadh agus faisnéis a fháil
12 - Saoirse comhthionóil agus comhlachais
13 - Saoirse na n-ealaíon agus na n-eolaíochtaí
14 - An ceart chun oideachais
15 - Saoirse chun slí bheatha a roghnú agus an ceart chun obair a dhéanamh
16 - Saoirse chun gnó a sheoladh
17 - An ceart chun maoine
18 - An ceart chun tearmainn
19 - Cosaint i gcás ina dtarlaíonn aistriú, díbirt nó eiseachadadh
Teideal III: Comhionannas
20 - Comhionannas os comhair an dlí
21 - Neamh-idirdhealú
22 - Éagsúlacht chultúrtha, reiligiúnach agus teanga
23 - Comhionannas idir mná agus fir
24 - Cearta an linbh
25 - Cearta daoine scothaosta
26 - Daoine faoi mhíchumas a lánpháirtiú
Teideal IV: Dlúthpháirtíocht
27 - Ceart oibrithe chun faisnéise agus comhairliúcháin sa ghnóthas
28 - An ceart chun cómhargántaíochta agus chun gníomhaíochta comhchoitinne
29 - An ceart chun rochtain a fháil ar sheirbhís socrúcháin
30 - Cosaint i gcás ina dtarlaíonn dífhostú neamh-inleithscéil
31 - Dálaí oibre cothroma agus córa
32 - Toirmeasc ar leanaí a bheith ag obair agus cosaint daoine óga ag an obair
33 - Saol an teaghlaigh agus an saol gairmiúil
34 - Slándáil shóisialta agus cúnamh sóisialta
35 - Cúram sláinte
36 - Rochtain ar sheirbhísí ar mhaithe le leas eacnamaíoch ginearálta
37 - Cosaint an chomhshaoil
38 - Cosaint tomhaltóirí
Teideal V: Cearta na saoránach
39 - An ceart chun vótáil agus chun seasamh mar iarrthóir i dtoghcháin do Pharlaimint na hEorpa
40 - An ceart chun vótáil agus chun seasamh mar iarrthóir i dtoghcháin bhardasacha
41 - An ceart chun dea-riaracháin
42 - An ceart chun rochtain a fháil ar dhoiciméid
43 - Ombudsman Eorpach
44 - An ceart chun achainí a dhéanamh
45 - Saoirse gluaiseachta agus saoirse cónaithe
46 - Cosaint taidhleoireachta agus chonsalach
Teideal VI: Ceartas
47 - An ceart chun leigheas éifeachtach agus triail chóir a fháil
48 - Toimhde na neamhchiontachta agus ceart chun cosaint a fháil
49 - Prionsabail na dlíthiúlachta agus na comhréireachta i dtaca le cionta coiriúla agus pionóis
50 - An ceart chun nach ndéanfar duine a thriail ná a phionósú faoi dhó in imeachtaí coiriúla i ngeall ar an gcion coiriúil céanna
Teideal VII: Forálacha ginearálta
51 - Raon feidhme
52 - Raon feidhme agus léiriú na gceart agus na bprionsabal
53 - Leibhéal na cosanta
54 - Toirmeasc ar chearta a mhí-úsáid
Tools
EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS
Criminal detention database
Anti-Muslim hatred database
Case-law database
Charterpedia
FRA e-learning platform
Data visualisation
Equality data collection: promising practices
Fighting hate crime: promising practices
Táirgí
About FRA
Who we are
Structure of FRA
Management Board
Management Board members
Management Board meeting documents
Executive Board
Scientific Committee
Scientific Committee members
Director
Management team
What we do
Research and data
Capacity-building
Advising
Convening people
FRA for children
What are my rights?
Where do my rights come from?
Areas of work
Multi-annual Framework 2007-2022
Work Programme
Archive
Annual Activity report
Archive
Projects
Working at FRA
Vacancies and selections
Previous vacancies
What we offer
Work-life balance
Application instructions
Seconded National Experts
Traineeship
Procurement
Ongoing procedures
Closed procedures
Contracts awarded
Finance and budget
Financial Rules
Financial documents
Register of documents
Access to documents
Application for access to documents
Data protection within FRA
Records registry
Cooperation
Institiúidí AE agus comhlachtaí eile
European Parliament
Council of the European Union
European Commission
EU agencies
European Committee of the Regions
European Economic and Social Committee
European Ombudsman
EU CRPD Framework
Promotion
Protection
Monitoring
Review process
Resources
Ballstáit AE Oibríonn
National Liaison Officers
National Parliaments
Comhairle na hEorpa
An tsochaí shibhialta agus an tArdán um Chearta Bunúsacha
Activities
Civic space
Platform library
How to register
Institiúidí Náisiúnta um Chearta an Duine, Comhlachtaí Comhionannais agus Institiúidí Ombudsman Oibríonn
Na Náisiúin Aontaithe, an Eagraíocht um Shlándáil agus Comhar san Eoraip agus eagraíochtaí idirnáisiúnta eile
EEA and Norway Grants
Newsroom
News
Press releases
Events
Past Events
FRA products 2024
FRA products 2023
FRA products 2022
FRA products 2021
FRA Products 2020
FRA Products 2019
Multimedia
Videos
Infographics
Podcasts
Speeches
Press packs
EU LGBTIQ survey - Press pack
Fundamental Rights Survey
EU LGBTI survey II
From institutions to community living for persons with disabilities: perspectives from the ground
Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey – Main results
Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS II) Muslims
Together in the EU: Promoting the participation of migrants and their descendants
Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS II) Roma
Severe labour exploitation in the EU
Child-friendly justice – perspectives and experiences of professionals: Press pack
Fundamental rights at EU borders
Violence against women press pack
Jewish people’s experiences and perceptions of hate crime, discrimination and antisemitism
EU LGBT Press pack
Child-friendly justice – perspectives and experiences of children
Newsletter
Log in
Main menu
Work on rights
Work on rights
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
Victims’ rights
Defendants’ rights
Civil justice
Judicial cooperation and rule of law
Security
Business and human rights
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Children, youth and older people
People with disabilities
Hate crime
Racial and ethnic origin
Religion and belief
Roma
Sex, sexual orientation and gender
Asylum, migration and borders
Access to asylum
Borders and information systems
Child protection
Irregular migration, return and immigration detention
Legal migration and integration
Trafficking and labour exploitation
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Artificial intelligence and big data
Borders and information systems
Data protection
Unlawful profiling
Support for human rights systems and defenders
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
Inter-governmental human rights systems
National human rights systems and bodies
Civil society
Cairt um Chearta Bunúsacha an Aontais Eorpaigh
Cairt um Chearta Bunúsacha an Aontais Eorpaigh
Céard iad cearta bunúsacha?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Brollach
Teideal I: Dínit
1 -
Dínit an duine
2 -
Ceart chun beatha
3 -
An ceart chun iomláine an duine
4 -
Toirmeasc ar chéastóireacht agus ar íde nó ar phionós atá mídhaonna nó táireach
5 -
Toirmeasc ar an sclábhaíocht agus ar shaothar éignithe
Teideal II: Saoirsí
6 -
An ceart chun saoirse agus slándála
7 -
Meas ar an saol príobháideach agus ar shaol an teaghlaigh
8 -
Sonraí pearsanta a chosaint
9 -
An ceart chun pósadh agus an ceart chun teaghlach a bhunú
10 -
Saoirse smaoinimh, coinsiasa agus reiligiúin
11 -
Saoirse chun tuairimí a nochtadh agus faisnéis a fháil
12 -
Saoirse comhthionóil agus comhlachais
13 -
Saoirse na n-ealaíon agus na n-eolaíochtaí
14 -
An ceart chun oideachais
15 -
Saoirse chun slí bheatha a roghnú agus an ceart chun obair a dhéanamh
16 -
Saoirse chun gnó a sheoladh
17 -
An ceart chun maoine
18 -
An ceart chun tearmainn
19 -
Cosaint i gcás ina dtarlaíonn aistriú, díbirt nó eiseachadadh
Teideal III: Comhionannas
20 -
Comhionannas os comhair an dlí
21 -
Neamh-idirdhealú
22 -
Éagsúlacht chultúrtha, reiligiúnach agus teanga
23 -
Comhionannas idir mná agus fir
24 -
Cearta an linbh
25 -
Cearta daoine scothaosta
26 -
Daoine faoi mhíchumas a lánpháirtiú
Teideal IV: Dlúthpháirtíocht
27 -
Ceart oibrithe chun faisnéise agus comhairliúcháin sa ghnóthas
28 -
An ceart chun cómhargántaíochta agus chun gníomhaíochta comhchoitinne
29 -
An ceart chun rochtain a fháil ar sheirbhís socrúcháin
30 -
Cosaint i gcás ina dtarlaíonn dífhostú neamh-inleithscéil
31 -
Dálaí oibre cothroma agus córa
32 -
Toirmeasc ar leanaí a bheith ag obair agus cosaint daoine óga ag an obair
33 -
Saol an teaghlaigh agus an saol gairmiúil
34 -
Slándáil shóisialta agus cúnamh sóisialta
35 -
Cúram sláinte
36 -
Rochtain ar sheirbhísí ar mhaithe le leas eacnamaíoch ginearálta
37 -
Cosaint an chomhshaoil
38 -
Cosaint tomhaltóirí
Teideal V: Cearta na saoránach
39 -
An ceart chun vótáil agus chun seasamh mar iarrthóir i dtoghcháin do Pharlaimint na hEorpa
40 -
An ceart chun vótáil agus chun seasamh mar iarrthóir i dtoghcháin bhardasacha
41 -
An ceart chun dea-riaracháin
42 -
An ceart chun rochtain a fháil ar dhoiciméid
43 -
Ombudsman Eorpach
44 -
An ceart chun achainí a dhéanamh
45 -
Saoirse gluaiseachta agus saoirse cónaithe
46 -
Cosaint taidhleoireachta agus chonsalach
Teideal VI: Ceartas
47 -
An ceart chun leigheas éifeachtach agus triail chóir a fháil
48 -
Toimhde na neamhchiontachta agus ceart chun cosaint a fháil
49 -
Prionsabail na dlíthiúlachta agus na comhréireachta i dtaca le cionta coiriúla agus pionóis
50 -
An ceart chun nach ndéanfar duine a thriail ná a phionósú faoi dhó in imeachtaí coiriúla i ngeall ar an gcion coiriúil céanna
Teideal VII: Forálacha ginearálta
51 -
Raon feidhme
52 -
Raon feidhme agus léiriú na gceart agus na bprionsabal
53 -
Leibhéal na cosanta
54 -
Toirmeasc ar chearta a mhí-úsáid
Tools
Tools
EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS
Criminal detention database
Anti-Muslim hatred database
Case-law database
Charterpedia
FRA e-learning platform
Data visualisation
Equality data collection: promising practices
Fighting hate crime: promising practices
Táirgí
Search
×
Search the FRA website
Cuardaigh
You are here
Home
Trade in parts of the human body
Trade in parts of the human body
Author(s)
Hanke Bruins Slot
Publication Year
2019
Hanke Bruins Slot notices that hundreds of skulls have been bought from the United States for research purposes. She wonders whether the commercial aspects of this transaction are contrary to the prohibition to use the human body and parts of the human body for commercial purposes, as laid down in Art. 3 of the Charter. The Minister of Public Health, Welfare and Sports states that this article does not contain an absolute prohibition and that it is not addressed to citizens and companies, but to institutions of the European Union and Member States. In any case, informed consent and altruistic reasons on the part of the person who donates his or her body or part thereof, are predominant for the Minister.
Quote: "Vraag 5
In hoeverre is artikel 3 van het Handvest van de Grondrechten van de Europese Unie op de handel in lichaamsdelen zoals beschreven in het desbetreffende item van toepassing, waarin staat er een verbod is om het menselijk lichaam en bestanddelen daarvan als zodanig als bron van financieel voordeel aan te wenden? Als dit artikel niet van toepassing is, waarom dan niet?
Antwoord 5
Artikel 3 van het Handvest van de Grondrechten van de Europese Unie (hierna: Handvest) omvat het recht op lichamelijke en menselijke integriteit. Het tweede lid bepaalt dat in het kader van de geneeskunde en de biologie onder andere in acht moet worden genomen de vrije en geïnformeerde toestemming van de betrokkene en het verbod om het menselijk lichaam en bestanddelen daarvan als zodanig als bron van financieel voordeel aan te wenden. Het beginsel bevat geen absoluut verbod op commerciële handelingen met lichaamsmateriaal.
Artikel 3 richt zich, net zoals andere bepalingen van het Handvest, niet rechtstreeks tot burgers of bedrijven. De bepalingen van het Handvest zijn gericht tot de instellingen, organen en instanties van de Unie en tot de lidstaten. Anders dan internationale grondrechtenverdragen zoals met name het Europees Verdrag voor de Rechten van de Mens, bevat het Handvest een algemene beperking ten aanzien van de toepasselijkheid op het handelen van de lidstaten. Er moet namelijk sprake zijn van het uitvoeren van Europese regelgeving. In de hierboven beschreven situatie waarbij het gaat om het door burgers (in de Verenigde Staten) bij leven bestemmen van het lichaam voor (ontleding in het belang van) doelen als wetenschappelijk onderzoek, bevat het Unierecht echter geen regels. Om die reden is deze bepaling van het Handvest op de onderhavige casus strikt genomen niet van toepassing.
Wel onderschrijf ik het uitgangspunt van artikel 3 ten zeerste, namelijk dat lichaamsmateriaal afkomstig is uit vrijwillige en onbetaalde donaties. Het bieden van een vergoeding aan de donor voor de door hem in verband met de donatie gemaakte onkosten (zoals een reiskostenvergoeding) staat hieraan niet in de weg. Hier gaat immers geen financiële prikkel vanuit. Zoals ik heb aangegeven in mijn antwoord op vraag 3 staan voor mij de geïnformeerde toestemming en de altruïstische daad voorop. Dit omvat ook het geven van informatie over commerciële handelingen met lichaamsmateriaal en over eventuele daarmee gepaarde gaande winst."
Translated quote: "Question 5
To what extent does Article 3 of the Charter on the Fundamental Rights of the European Union on the trade in parts of the human body apply in this case, this Article stating that there is a prohibition to use the human body and parts thereof as a source of commercial gain? If this Article does not apply, why not?
Answer 5
Article 3 of the Charter on the Fundamental Rights of the European Union (hereinafter: the Charter) implies the right to physical and human integrity. The second paragraph states that, in the frameowerk of medicine and biology, the free and informed consent of the person involved should, amont other things, be taken into account, and the prohibiton to use the human body and parts thereof as such as a source of financial gain. The principle does not contain an absolute prohibition to use the material of the body.
Article 3 does not address citizens or companies directly, just as the other stipulations of the Charter. The stipulations of the Charter address institutions, organs and institutes of the European Union and Member States. Other than other international human rights treaties, such as in particular the European Convention on Human Rights, the Charter contains a general restriction as to the application to acts of Member States. This is proven by the fact that European legislation should be implemented. In the situation mentioned above, in which citizens (in the United States) designate, during their lives, their body (for the dissection in the interest of and) to aims such as scientific research, EU law, however, does not contain any rules. For this reason, the Charter does not apply in the narrow sense of the word."
https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/ah-tk-20182019-1367.html