eu-charter

Carta drepturilor fundamentale a Uniunii Europene

Articolul 5 - Interzicerea sclaviei și a muncii forțate

Articolul 5 - Interzicerea sclaviei și a muncii forțate

(1) Nimeni nu poate fi ținut în sclavie sau în servitute.

(2) Nimeni nu poate fi constrâns să efectueze o muncă forțată sau obligatorie.

(3) Traficul de ființe umane este interzis.

Explicaţii

  • Text:

    1. Dreptul prevăzut la articolul 5 alineatele (1) şi (2) corespunde articolului 4 alineatele (1) şi (2) din CEDO, a căror formulare este similară. Articolul are, prin urmare, acelaşi înţeles şi acelaşi domeniu de aplicare ca şi articolul din CEDO, în temeiul articolului 52 alineatul (3) din cartă. În consecinţă:
    - dreptului prevăzut la alineatul (1) nu i se poate aduce în mod legal nicio restrângere;
    - în alineatul (2), noţiunile de `muncă forţată sau obligatorie` trebuie înţelese având în vedere definiţiile `negative` din articolul 4 alineatul (3) din CEDO:
    `Nu se consideră `muncă forţată sau obligatorie` în sensul prezentului articol :
    a) orice muncă impusă în mod normal unei persoane supuse detenţiei în condiţiile prevăzute de articolul 5 din prezenta convenţie sau în timpul în care se afla în libertate condiţionată;
    b) orice serviciu cu caracter militar sau, în cazul celor care refuză să satisfacă serviciul militar din motive de conştiinţă, în ţările în care acest lucru este recunoscut ca legitim, un alt serviciu în locul serviciului militar obligatoriu;
    c) orice serviciu impus în situaţii de criză sau de calamităţi care ameninţă viaţa sau bunăstarea comunităţii;
    d) orice muncă sau serviciu care face parte din obligaţiile civice normale.`
    2. Alineatul (3) decurge direct din demnitatea persoanei umane şi ia în considerare datele recente din domeniul criminalităţii organizate, cum ar fi organizarea filierelor lucrative ale imigraţiei ilegale sau a celor de exploatare sexuală. Convenţia Europol conţine în anexă definiţia următoare, care vizează traficul în scopul exploatării sexuale: ``traficul cu fiinţe umane` înseamnă supunerea unei persoane puterii reale şi ilegale a unor alte persoane, prin recurgerea la violenţă sau ameninţări sau prin abuz de autoritate sau uneltire pentru exploatarea activităţilor de prostituţie, a formelor de exploatare sexuală şi abuz de persoane minore sau comerţ cu copii abandonaţi`. Capitolul VI din Convenţia privind aplicarea acquis-ului Schengen, care a fost integrat în acquis-ul Uniunii şi la care participă Regatul Unit şi Irlanda conţine, la articolul 27 alineatul (1) următoarea formulare care vizează filierele de imigraţie ilegală: `Părţile contractante se angajează să instituie sancţiuni adecvate împotriva oricărei persoane care ajută sau încearcă să ajute, în scopuri lucrative, un străin să intre sau să rămână pe teritoriul unei părţi contractante încălcând legislaţia părţii contractante respective privind intrarea şi şederea străinilor`. La 19 iulie 2002, Consiliul a adoptat o decizie-cadru privind lupta împotriva traficului de fiinţe umane (JO L 203, 1.8.2002, p. 1) în al cărei prim articol sunt definite chiar infracţiunile legate de traficul de fiinţe umane în scopul exploatării muncii acestora sau al exploatării sexuale care trebuie să facă obiectul unor pedepse în statele membre, în conformitate cu directiva-cadru menţionată.

    Source:
    Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
    Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
    Explicaţiile redate în continuare au fost redactate iniţial sub autoritatea prezidiului Convenţiei care a elaborat Carta drepturilor fundamentale a Uniunii Europene. Acestea au fost actualizate sub autoritatea prezidiului Convenţiei Europene, având în vedere adaptarea de către respectiva Convenţie a textului cartei (în special la articolele 51 şi 52), precum şi evoluţia dreptului Uniunii. Cu toate că aceste explicaţii nu au valoare juridică în sine, acestea constituie un preţios instrument de interpretare destinat clarificării dispoziţiilor cartei.

Jurisprudență

Dreptul constituțional național

27 results found

  • Slovenia / Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia
    Țara:
    Slovenia

    Article 49 Freedom of work shall be guaranteed. Everyone shall choose his employment freely. Everyone shall have access under equal conditions to any position of employment. Forced labour shall be prohibited.

  • Spain / Constitution of the Kingdom of Spain
    Țara:
    Spain

    Section 25(...) 2. Punishments entailing imprisonment and security measures shall be aimed at reeducation and social rehabilitation and may not involve forced labour. (...)

  • The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus
    Țara:
    Cyprus

    Article 10
    1. No person shall be held in slavery or servitude.
    2. No person shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour.
    3. For the purposes of this Article the term "forced or compulsory labour" shall not include -
    (a) any work required to be done in the ordinary course of detention imposed according to the provisions of Article 11 or during conditional release from such detention;
    (b) any service of a military character if imposed or, in case of conscientious objectors, subject to their recognition by a law, service exacted instead of compulsory military service;
    (c) any service exacted in case of an emergency or calamity threatening the life or well-being of the inhabitants.

  • The Fundamental Law of Hungary
    Țara:
    Hungary

    Article III (Freedom and Responsibility) (1) No one shall be subject to torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, or held in servitude. Trafficking in human beings shall be prohibited. […]

  • Tο Σύνταγμα της Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας
    Țara:
    Cyprus

    ΑΡΘΡΟΝ 10
    1. Ουδείς τελεί εις κατάστασιν δουλείας ή υποτελείας.
    2. Ουδείς εξαναγκάζεται εις εκτέλεσιν αναγκαστικής ή υποχρεωτικής εργασίας.
    3. Ο εν τω παρόντι άρθρω όρος «αναγκαστική ή υποχρεωτική εργασία» δεν περιλαμβάνει:
    (α) οιανδήποτε εργασίαν επιβαλλομένην κατά την κανονικήν διάρκειαν της κρατήσεως συμφώνως ταις διατάξεσι του άρθρου 11 του Συντάγματος ή κατά την διάρκειαν της υπό όρον απολύσεως από τοιαύτης κρατήσεως,
    (β) οιανδήποτε τυχόν επιβληθησομένην στρατιωτικού χαρακτήρος υπηρεσίαν ή, προκειμένου περί των κατά συνείδησιν εναντιουμένων εις αυτήν και υπό την προϋπόθεσιν της αναγνωρίσεως αυτών υπό νόμου, υπηρεσίαν επιβαλλομένην αντί της στρατιωτικής υποχρεωτικής υπηρεσίας, και
    (γ) οιανδήποτε υπηρεσίαν επιβαλλομένην εις περίπτωσιν καταστάσεως εκτάκτου ανάγκης ή συμφοράς απειλούσης την ζωήν ή την ευημερίαν του λαού.

  • Το Σύνταγμα της Ελλάδας
    Țara:
    Greece

    Άρθρο 22(4). Oπoιαδήπoτε μoρφή αναγκαστικής εργασίας απαγoρεύεται. Eιδικoί νόμoι ρυθμίζoυν τα σχετικά με την επίταξη πρoσωπικών υπηρεσιών σε περίπτωση πoλέμoυ ή επιστράτευσης ή για την αντιμετώπιση αναγκών της άμυνας της Xώρας ή επείγoυσας κoινωνικής ανάγκης από θεoμηνία ή ανάγκης πoυ μπoρεί να θέσει σε κίνδυνo τη δημόσια υγεία, καθώς και τα σχετικά με την πρoσφoρά πρoσωπικής εργασίας στoυς oργανισμoύς τoπικής αυτoδιoίκησης για την ικανoπoίηση τoπικών αναγκών [...]

  • КОНСТИТУЦИЯ на Република България
    Țara:
    Bulgaria

    Чл. 48. [...] (4) Никой не може да бъде заставян да извършва принудителен труд.[...]

Legislația UE

5 results found

  • Council Directive 2004/81/EC of 29 April 2004 on the residence permit issued to third-country nationals who are victims of trafficking in human beings or who have been the subject of an action to facilitate illegal immigration, who cooperate with the comp

    Preamble


    (9) This Directive introduces a residence permit intended for victims of trafficking in human beings or, if a Member State decides to extend the scope of this Directive, to third-country nationals who have been the subject of an action to facilitate illegal immigration to whom the residence permit offers a sufficient incentive to cooperate with the competent authorities while including certain conditions to safeguard against abuse.

     

    Article 1: Purpose

    The purpose of this Directive is to define the conditions for granting residence permits of limited duration, linked to the length of the relevant national proceedings, to third-country nationals who cooperate in the fight against trafficking in human beings or against action to facilitate illegal immigration.

  • Directive 2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/629/JHA

    Preamble 
    (1) Trafficking in human beings is a serious crime, often committed within the framework of organised crime, a gross violation of fundamental rights and explicitly prohibited by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Preventing and combating trafficking in human beings is a priority for the Union and the Member States.


    (8) Children are more vulnerable than adults and therefore at greater risk of becoming victims of trafficking in human beings. In the application of this Directive, the child’s best interests must be a primary consideration, in accordance with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.

    (10) This Directive is without prejudice to the principle of non-refoulement in accordance with the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (Geneva Convention), and is in accordance with Article 4 and Article 19(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.


    (33) This Directive respects fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in particular by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and notably human dignity, the prohibition of slavery, forced labour and trafficking in human beings, the prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the rights of the child, the right to liberty and security, freedom of expression and information, the protection of personal data, the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial and the principles of the legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties. In particular, this Directive seeks to ensure full respect for those rights and principles and must be implemented accordingly.

    Article 1: Subject matter

    This Directive establishes minimum rules concerning the definition of criminal offences and sanctions in the area of trafficking in human beings. It also introduces common provisions, taking into account the gender perspective, to strengthen the prevention of this crime and the protection of the victims thereof.

  • Regulation (EU) No 656/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 establishing rules for the surveillance of the external sea borders in the context of operational cooperation coordinated by Frontex

    Preamble 


    (19) This Regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by Articles 2 and 6 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and by the Charter, in particular respect for human dignity, the right to life, the prohibition of torture and of inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the prohibition of trafficking in human beings, the right to liberty and security, the right to the protection of personal data, the right to asylum and to protection against removal and expulsion, the principles of non-refoulement and non-discrimination, the right to an effective remedy and the rights of the child. This Regulation should be applied by Member States and the Agency in accordance with those rights and principles.

  • Council Decision of 6 April 2009 establishing the European Police Office (Europol)

    ANNEX

    ‘trafficking in human beings’ means the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, as a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, the production, sale or distribution of child-pornography material, forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs;

  • Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 November 2019 on the European Border and Coast Guard and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1052/2013 and (EU) 2016/1624

    Preamble

    (103) This Regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by Articles 2 and 6 TEU and by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the Charter’), in particular respect for human dignity, the right to life, the prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the prohibition of trafficking in human beings, the right to liberty and security, the right to the protection of personal data, the right of access to documents, the right to asylum and to protection against removal and expulsion, non-refoulement, non-discrimination and the rights of the child.

    Article 1: Subject matter

    This Regulation establishes a European Border and Coast Guard to ensure European integrated border management at the external borders with a view to managing those borders efficiently in full compliance with fundamental rights and to increasing the efficiency of the Union return policy.

    This Regulation addresses migratory challenges and potential future challenges and threats at the external borders. It ensures a high level of internal security within the Union in full respect of fundamental rights, while safeguarding the free movement of persons within the Union. It contributes to the detection, prevention and combating of cross-border crime at the external borders.

    Article 43: Instructions to the teams

    4.   Members of the teams shall, in the performance of their tasks and in the exercise of their powers, fully respect fundamental rights, including access to asylum procedures and human dignity, and shall pay particular attention to vulnerable persons. Any measures taken in the performance of their tasks and in the exercise of their powers shall be proportionate to the objectives pursued by such measures. While performing their tasks and exercising their powers, they shall not discriminate against persons on the basis of any grounds such as sex, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or sexual orientation in line with Article 21 of the Charter.

Drept internațional

3 results found

  • European Convention on Human Rights - Article 4

    Article 4 – Prohibition of slavery and forced labour

    1 No one shall be held in slavery or servitude.

    2 No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour.

    3 For the purpose of this article the term "forced or compulsory labour" shall not include:

    a any work required to be done in the ordinary course of detention imposed according to the provisions of Article 5 of this Convention or during conditional release from such detention;

    b any service of a military character or, in case of conscientious objectors in countries where they are recognised, service exacted instead of compulsory military service;

    c any service exacted in case of an emergency or calamity threatening the life or wellbeing of the community;

    d any work or service which forms part of normal civic obligations.

  • International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

    Article 8

    1. No one shall be held in slavery; slavery and the slave-trade in all their forms shall be prohibited.

    2. No one shall be held in servitude.

    3.

    (a) No one shall be required to perform forced or compulsory labour;

    (b) Paragraph 3 (a) shall not be held to preclude, in countries where imprisonment with hard labour may be imposed as a punishment for a crime, the performance of hard labour in pursuance of a sentence to such punishment by a competent court;

    (c) For the purpose of this paragraph the term "forced or compulsory labour" shall not include:

    (i) Any work or service, not referred to in subparagraph (b), normally required of a person who is under detention in consequence of a lawful order of a court, or of a person during conditional release from such detention;

    (ii) Any service of a military character and, in countries where conscientious objection is recognized, any national service required by law of conscientious objectors;

    (iii) Any service exacted in cases of emergency or calamity threatening the life or well-being of the community;

    (iv) Any work or service which forms part of normal civil obligations.

  • Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration

    Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 December 2018

Produse

  • Report / Paper / Summary
    24
    February
    2026
    The start of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine on 24 February 2022 shocked the global community and gave rise to a
    series of urgent fundamental rights challenges across Europe. While much attention has focused on the scale of devastation and its wider impact on all Ukrainians, the war has also inflicted profound personal harm. This report sheds light on the violence, sexual harassment and exploitation experienced by women displaced from Ukraine. Drawing on a survey and in-depth interviews with women from Ukraine, the report documents the prevalence, forms and patterns of gender-based violence and sets out practical measures to improve safety, access to justice and support.
  • Handbook / Guide / Manual
    21
    November
    2024
    This manual is designed to be used by workplace inspection staff in the Member States. It is intended to empower them to enforce the protective standards in EU law that safeguard the rights of third-country workers, including seasonal workers, migrant workers with temporary permits and migrants in an irregular situation. Third-country workers are nationals who are not from a Member State or from Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway or Switzerland.
  • Handbook / Guide / Manual
    19
    September
    2024
    This publication guides EU countries on setting up independent monitoring mechanisms to ensure fundamental rights are respected during screening and asylum border procedures. These processes at borders are for people arriving from non-EU countries. Monitoring mechanisms are meant to prevent rights violations, protect victims, and support investigations into any allegations of wrongdoing by public authorities. The guidance highlights the importance of transparency and accountability, which builds trust in public authorities. New EU regulations coming into effect in 2026 will require such monitoring systems to be in place. This updates the guidance published in 2022.
  • Fundamental Rights Report
    8
    June
    2023
    Russia’s unprovoked war of aggression against Ukraine has resulted in massive internal and external population displacement. The European Union (EU) rapidly activated its Temporary Protection Directive for the first time since it was adopted in 2001. This entitled nearly 4 million people to legal residence and access to work, housing and legal assistance, education and healthcare.
  • Fundamental Rights Report
    8
    June
    2023
    FRA’s Fundamental Rights Report 2023 reviews major developments in the field in 2022, identifying both achievements and areas of concern. It also presents FRA’s opinions on these developments, including a synopsis of the evidence supporting these opinions.
  • Periodic updates / Series
    21
    October
    2022
    The Russian invasion of Ukraine triggered solidarity from EU governments, local authorities and society as they welcomed more than 7 million people fleeing the aggression. The European Union’s rapid response, activating the EU Temporary Protection Directive, offered welcome relief and much-needed support to those in need. It allowed displaced persons the opportunity to quickly settle and to work, travel and access services across the EU. But other pressing human rights issues have come to the fore and remain high on the EU’s agenda, such as human trafficking, sexual and gender-based violence, hate crime and hate-fuelled disinformation.
  • Handbook / Guide / Manual
    14
    October
    2022
    ** As of 19 September 2024 a new version of this guidance has been issued. Please see the link below. **

    Fundamental rights monitoring at EU external borders should be systematically and regularly carried out for a range of border management activities. These include border surveillance, apprehensions at land, sea and air borders, and the operation of referral mechanisms, including in the event of mass arrivals. This general guidance provides assistance to EU Member States in setting up national independent mechanisms to monitor fundamental rights compliance at EU external borders, in line with the proposed screening regulation of 23 September 2020 by the European Commission. The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights prepared this guidance at the request of the Commission.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    9
    December
    2021
    This report sheds light on the realities faced by unaccompanied migrant children who are not in the care of child protection systems in the EU. Presented as a case study, it tells the story of children and young adults from Pakistan who travelled alone to the EU without their parents or other adults.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    4
    November
    2021
    This report outlines to what extent legal aid is available to those held in pre-removal detention in the 27 EU Member States, and in North Macedonia and Serbia, during procedures related to their return. These involve decisions on return, on detention pending removal, the removal itself and on bans on entry. The report also examines when people are entitled to free legal aid and how this aid is funded, as well as who provides representation and various factors that limit the scope of legal aid.