Bürgerrechte
Artikel 45 - Freizügigkeit und Aufenthaltsfreiheit
(1) Die Unionsbürgerinnen und Unionsbürger haben das Recht, sich im Hoheitsgebiet der Mitgliedstaaten frei zu bewegen und aufzuhalten. (2) Staatsangehörigen von Drittländern, die sich rechtmäßig im Hoheitsgebiet eines Mitgliedstaats aufhalten, kann nach Maßgabe der Verträge Freizügigkeit und Aufenthaltsfreiheit gewährt werden.
Das in Absatz 1 garantierte Recht ist das Recht, das durch Artikel 20 Absatz 2 Buchstabe a des Vertrags über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union garantiert ist (vgl. auch die Rechtsgrundlage in Artikel 21 und das Urteil des Gerichtshofs vom 17. September 2002, Rechtssache C-413/99, Baumbast, Slg. 2002, I-709). Nach Artikel 52 Absatz 2 findet es im Rahmen der in den Verträgen festgelegten Bedingungen und Grenzen Anwendung.
Absatz 2 erinnert an die der Union durch die Artikel 77, 78 und 79 des Vertrags über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union erteilte Zuständigkeit. Daraus folgt, dass die Gewährung dieses Rechts von der Ausübung dieser Zuständigkeit durch die Organe abhängt.
Artikel 2(...) 4.Ieder heeft het recht het land te verlaten, behoudens in de gevallen, bij de wet bepaald.
Article 14 (1) The freedom of movement and of residence is guaranteed. (2) Everyone who is legitimately staying within the territory of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic has the right freely to leave it. (3) These freedoms may be limited by law if such is unavoidable for the security of the state, the maintenance of public order, the protection of the rights and freedoms of others or, in demarcated areas, for the purpose of protecting nature. (4) Every citizen is free to enter the territory of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. No citizen may be forced to leave her homeland. (5) An alien may be expelled only in cases specified by the law.
Článek 14 (1) Svoboda pohybu a pobytu je zaručena. (2) Každý, kdo se oprávněně zdržuje na území České a Slovenské Federativní Republiky, má právo svobodně je opustit. (3) Tyto svobody mohou být omezeny zákonem, jestliže je to nevyhnutelné pro bezpečnost státu, udržení veřejného pořádku, ochranu zdraví nebo ochranu práv a svobod druhých a na vymezených územích též z důvodu ochrany přírody. (4) Každý občan má právo na svobodný vstup na území České a Slovenské Federativní Republiky. Občan nemůže být nucen k opuštění své vlasti. (5) Cizinec může být vyhoštěn jen v případech stanovených zákonem.
Chapter 2 - Fundamental rights and freedom: Article 7 No Swedish citizen may be deported from or refused entry into the Realm. No Swedish citizen who is domiciled in the Realm or who has previously been domiciled in the Realm may be deprived of his or her citizenship. It may however be prescribed that children under the age of eighteen shall have the same nationality as their parents or as one parent; Article 8 Everyone shall be protected in their relations with the public institutions against deprivations of personal liberty. All Swedish citizens shall also in other respects be guaranteed freedom of movement within the Realm and freedom to depart the Realm.
2 kapitlet - Grundläggande fri- och rättigheter: 7 § Ingen svensk medborgare får landsförvisas eller hindras att resa in i riket. Ingen svensk medborgare som är eller har varit bosatt i riket får fråntas sitt medborgarskap. Det får dock föreskrivas att barn under arton år i fråga om sitt medborgarskap ska följa föräldrarna eller en av dem; 8 § Var och en är gentemot det allmänna skyddad mot frihetsberövanden. Den som är svensk medborgare är även i övrigt tillförsäkrad frihet att förflytta sig inom riket och att lämna det.
Artículo 19Los españoles tienen derecho a elegir libremente su residencia y a circular por el territorio nacional. Asimismo, tienen derecho a entrar y salir libremente de España en los términos que la ley establezca. Este derecho no podrá ser limitado por motivos políticos o ideológicos.
Section 19 Spaniards have the right to freely choose their place of residence, and to freely move about within the national territory. Likewise, they have the right to freely enter and leave Spain subject to the conditions to be laid down by the law. This right may not be restricted for political or ideological reasons.
Article 32 Everyone has the right to freedom of movement, to choose his place of residence, to leave the country and to return at any time.This right may be limited by law, but only where this is necessary to ensure the course of criminal proceedings, to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, to protect public order or if the defence of the state so demands.Entry into the country by aliens, and the duration of their stay in the country, may be limited on the basis of law.
32. člen Vsakdo ima pravico, da se prosto giblje in si izbira prebivališče, da zapusti državo in se vanjo kadarkoli vrne. Ta pravica se sme omejiti z zakonom, vendar samo, če je to potrebno, da bi se zagotovil potek kazenskega postopka, da bi se preprečilo širjenje nalezljivih bolezni, se zavaroval javni red, ali če to zahtevajo interesi obrambe države. Tujcem se na podlagi zakona lahko omeji vstop v državo in čas bivanja v njej.
Article 23 (1) Freedom of movement and right of abode are guaranteed. (2) Everyone who is rightfully staying on the territory of the Slovak Republic has the right to freely leave this territory. (3) Freedoms under paragraphs 1 and 2 may be restricted by law, if it is necessary for the security of the state, to maintain public order, protect the health and the rights and freedoms of others, and, in designated areas, also in the interest of environmental protection. (4) Every citizen has the right to freely enter the territory of the Slovak Republic. A citizen may not be forced to leave the homeland and may not be deported. (5) A foreign national may be deported only in cases laid down by law.
Čl. 23 (1) Sloboda pohybu a pobytu sa zaručuje. (2) Každý, kto sa oprávnene zdržiava na území Slovenskej republiky, má právo toto územie slobodne opustiť. (3) Slobody podľa odsekov 1 a 2 môžu byť obmedzené zákonom, ak je to nevyhnutné pre bezpečnosť štátu, udržanie verejného poriadku, ochranu zdravia alebo ochranu práv a slobôd iných a na vymedzených územiach aj v záujme ochrany prírody. (4) Každý občan má právo na slobodný vstup na územie Slovenskej republiky. Občana nemožno nútiť, aby opustil vlasť, a nemožno ho vyhostiť. (5) Cudzinca možno vyhostiť iba v prípadoch ustanovených zákonom.
Article 25(1) The right of free movement within the national territory and abroad is guaranteed. The law shall lay down the conditions for the exercise of this right. (2) Every citizen is guaranteed the right to establish his domicile or residence anywhere in the country, to emigrate, and to return to his country.
Articolul 25(1) Dreptul la libera circulatie, în tara si în strainatate, este garantat. Legea stabileste conditiile exercitarii acestui drept. (2) Fiecarui cetatean îi este asigurat dreptul de a-si stabili domiciliul sau resedinta în orice localitate din tara, de a emigra, precum si de a reveni în tara.
Artigo 44.º (Direito de deslocação e de emigração) 1. A todos os cidadãos é garantido o direito de se deslocarem e fixarem livremente em qualquer parte do território nacional. 2. A todos é garantido o direito de emigrar ou de sair do território nacional e o direito de regressar. Article 44 (Right to travel and to emigrate) (1) The right of all citizens to travel and settle freely anywhere in the national territory is guaranteed. (2) The right to emigrate or leave the national territory and the right to return to it is guaranteed to everyone.
Article 44 (Right to travel and to emigrate) (1) The right of all citizens to travel and settle freely anywhere in the national territory is guaranteed. (2) The right to emigrate or leave the national territory and the right to return to it is guaranteed to everyone.
Article 52.1. Freedom of movement as well as the choice of place of residence and sojourn within the territory of the Republic of Poland shall be ensured to everyone.2. Everyone may freely leave the territory of the Republic of Poland.3. The freedoms specified in paras. 1 and 2 above may be subject to limitations specified by statute.4. A Polish citizen may not be expelled from the country nor forbidden to return to it.5. Anyone whose Polish origin has been confirmed in accordance with statute may settle permanently in Poland.
Art. 52.1. Każdemu zapewnia się wolność poruszania się po terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej oraz wyboru miejsca zamieszkania i pobytu.2. Każdy może swobodnie opuścić terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej.3. Wolności, o których mowa w ust. 1 i 2, mogą podlegać ograniczeniom określonym w ustawie. 4. Obywatela polskiego nie można wydalić z kraju ani zakazać mu powrotu do kraju.5. Osoba, której pochodzenie polskie zostało stwierdzone zgodnie z ustawą, może osiedlić się na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na stałe.
Article 44(1) No citizen of Malta shall be deprived of his freedom of movement, and for the purpose of this article the said freedom means the right to move freely throughout Malta, the right to reside in any part of Malta, the right to leave and the right to enter Malta. (2) Any restriction on a citizen’s freedom of movement that is involved in his lawful detention shall not be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this article.
Article 32. Citizens may move and choose their place of residence in Lithuania freely and may leave Lithuania freely. These rights may not be restricted otherwise than by law when this is necessary for the protection of the security of the State or the health of people, or for the administration of justice. Citizens may not be prohibited from returning to Lithuania. Everyone who is Lithuanian may settle in Lithuania.
Article 79
(ex Article 63, points 3 and 4, TEC)
1. The Union shall develop a common immigration policy aimed at ensuring, at all stages, the efficient management of migration flows, fair treatment of third-country nationals residing legally in Member States, and the prevention of, and enhanced measures to combat, illegal immigration and trafficking in human beings.
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, shall adopt measures in the following areas:
(a) the conditions of entry and residence, and standards on the issue by Member States of long-term visas and residence permits, including those for the purpose of family reunification;
(b) the definition of the rights of third-country nationals residing legally in a Member State, including the conditions governing freedom of movement and of residence in other Member States;
(c) illegal immigration and unauthorised residence, including removal and repatriation of persons residing without authorisation;
(d) combating trafficking in persons, in particular women and children.
3. The Union may conclude agreements with third countries for the readmission to their countries of origin or provenance of third-country nationals who do not or who no longer fulfil the conditions for entry, presence or residence in the territory of one of the Member States.
4. The European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, may establish measures to provide incentives and support for the action of Member States with a view to promoting the integration of third-country nationals residing legally in their territories, excluding any harmonisation of the laws and regulations of the Member States.
5. This Article shall not affect the right of Member States to determine volumes of admission of third-country nationals coming from third countries to their territory in order to seek work, whether employed or self-employed.
Article 78
(ex Articles 63, points 1 and 2, and 64(2) TEC)
1. The Union shall develop a common policy on asylum, subsidiary protection and temporary protection with a view to offering appropriate status to any third-country national requiring international protection and ensuring compliance with the principle of non-refoulement. This policy must be in accordance with the Geneva Convention of 28 July 1951 and the Protocol of 31 January 1967 relating to the status of refugees, and other relevant treaties.
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, shall adopt measures for a common European asylum system comprising:
(a) a uniform status of asylum for nationals of third countries, valid throughout the Union;
(b) a uniform status of subsidiary protection for nationals of third countries who, without obtaining European asylum, are in need of international protection;
(c) a common system of temporary protection for displaced persons in the event of a massive inflow;
(d) common procedures for the granting and withdrawing of uniform asylum or subsidiary protection status;
(e) criteria and mechanisms for determining which Member State is responsible for considering an application for asylum or subsidiary protection;
(f) standards concerning the conditions for the reception of applicants for asylum or subsidiary protection;
(g) partnership and cooperation with third countries for the purpose of managing inflows of people applying for asylum or subsidiary or temporary protection.
3. In the event of one or more Member States being confronted by an emergency situation characterised by a sudden inflow of nationals of third countries, the Council, on a proposal from the Commission, may adopt provisional measures for the benefit of the Member State(s) concerned. It shall act after consulting the European Parliament.
Article 77
(ex Article 62 TEC)
1. The Union shall develop a policy with a view to:
(a) ensuring the absence of any controls on persons, whatever their nationality, when crossing internal borders;
(b) carrying out checks on persons and efficient monitoring of the crossing of external borders;
(c) the gradual introduction of an integrated management system for external borders.
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, shall adopt measures concerning:
(a) the common policy on visas and other short-stay residence permits;
(b) the checks to which persons crossing external borders are subject;
(c) the conditions under which nationals of third countries shall have the freedom to travel within the Union for a short period;
(d) any measure necessary for the gradual establishment of an integrated management system for external borders;
(e) the absence of any controls on persons, whatever their nationality, when crossing internal borders.
3. If action by the Union should prove necessary to facilitate the exercise of the right referred to in Article 20(2)(a), and if the Treaties have not provided the necessary powers, the Council, acting in accordance with a special legislative procedure, may adopt provisions concerning passports, identity cards, residence permits or any other such document. The Council shall act unanimously after consulting the European Parliament.
4. This Article shall not affect the competence of the Member States concerning the geographical demarcation of their borders, in accordance with international law.
Article 20
(ex Article 17 TEC)
2. Citizens of the Union shall enjoy the rights and be subject to the duties provided for in the Treaties. They shall have, inter alia:
(a) the right to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States;
[...]
(2) Citizenship of the Union confers on every citizen of the Union the right of free movement, subject to certain limitations and conditions. Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (3) gives effect to that right. Article 45 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the Charter) also provides for freedom of movement and residence. Freedom of movement entails the right to exit and enter Member States with a valid identity card or passport.