eu-charter

Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union

Artikel 2 - Recht auf Leben

Artikel 2 - Recht auf Leben

  1. Jeder Mensch hat das Recht auf Leben.
  2. Niemand darf zur Todesstrafe verurteilt oder hingerichtet werden.
    • Text:
      1. Absatz 1 dieses Artikels basiert auf Artikel 2 Absatz 1 Satz 1 der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention (EMRK), der wie folgt lautet:
        „1. Das Recht jedes Menschen auf Leben wird gesetzlich geschützt ...“.
      2. Satz 2 der genannten Vorschrift, der die Todesstrafe zum Gegenstand hatte, ist durch das Inkrafttreten des Protokolls Nr. 6 zur EMRK hinfällig geworden, dessen Artikel 1 wie folgt lautet:
        „Die Todesstrafe ist abgeschafft. Niemand darf zu dieser Strafe verurteilt oder hingerichtet werden.“
        Auf dieser Vorschrift beruht Artikel 2 Absatz 2 der Charta.
      3. Die Bestimmungen des Artikels 2 der Charta entsprechen den Bestimmungen der genannten Artikel der EMRK und des Zusatzprotokolls. Sie haben nach Artikel 52 Absatz 3 der Charta die gleiche Bedeutung und Tragweite. So müssen die in der EMRK enthaltenen „Negativdefinitionen“ auch als Teil der Charta betrachtet werden:
        a) a) Artikel 2 Absatz 2 EMRK:
        „Eine Tötung wird nicht als Verletzung dieses Artikels betrachtet, wenn sie durch eine Gewaltanwendung verursacht wird, die unbedingt erforderlich ist, um

        a) jemanden gegen rechtswidrige Gewalt zu verteidigen;
        b) jemanden rechtmäßig festzunehmen oder jemanden, dem die Freiheit rechtmäßig entzogen ist, an der Flucht zu hindern;
        c) einen Aufruhr oder Aufstand rechtmäßig niederzuschlagen“.

        b) b) Artikel 2 des Protokolls Nr. 6 zur EMRK:

        „Ein Staat kann in seinem Recht die Todesstrafe für Taten vorsehen, die in Kriegszeiten oder bei unmittelbarer Kriegsgefahr begangen werden; diese Strafe darf nur in den Fällen, die im Recht vorgesehen sind, und in Übereinstimmung mit dessen Bestimmungen angewendet werden ...“.
      Quelle:
      Amtsblatt der Europäischen Union C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
      Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
      Die Erläuterungen wurden ursprünglich unter der Verantwortung des Präsidiums des Konvents, der die Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union ausgearbeitet hat, formuliert. Sie wurden unter der Verantwortung des Präsidiums des Europäischen Konvents aufgrund der von diesem Konvent vorgenommenen Anpassungen des Wortlauts der Charta (insbesondere der Artikel 51 und 52) und der Fortentwicklung des Unionsrechts aktualisiert. Diese Erläuterungen haben als solche keinen rechtlichen Status, stellen jedoch eine nützliche Interpretationshilfe dar, die dazu dient, die Bestimmungen der Charta zu verdeutlichen.
    • KS and KD v Council of the European Union and Others
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Court (Grand Chamber)
      Typ:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      Foreign and security policy
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:C:2024:725
    • Lukáš Wagenknecht v European Commission
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Court (Eight Chamber)
      Typ:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:C:2022:226
    • Front populaire pour la libération de la saguia-el-hamra et du rio de oro (Front Polisario) v Council of the European Union
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      General Court (Eight Chamber)
      Typ:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      External relations
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:T:2015:953
    • Centre public d’action sociale d’Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve v Moussa Abdida
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Advocate General Bot
      Typ:
      Opinion
      Policy area:
      Asylum and migration
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:C:2014:2167
    • X., Y. and Z. v Minister voor Immigratie en Asiel
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Court (Fourth Chamber)
      Typ:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:C:2013:720

    47 results found

    • Grondwet voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden
      Land:
      Netherlands

      Artikel 114 De doodstraf kan niet worden opgelegd.

    • Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
      Land:
      Czechia

      Article 6 (1) Everyone has the right to life. Human life is worthy of protection even before birth. (2) Nobody may be deprived of her life. (3) The death penalty is prohibited. (4) Deprivation of life is not inflicted in contravention of this Article if it occurs in connection with conduct which is not criminal under the law.

    • Listina základních práv a svobod
      Land:
      Czechia

      Článek 6 (1) Každý má právo na život. Lidský život je hoden ochrany již před narozením. (2) Nikdo nesmí být zbaven života. (3) Trest smrti se nepřipouští. (4) Porušením práv podle tohoto článku není, jestliže byl někdo zbaven života v souvislosti s jednáním, které podle zákona není trestné.

    • Instrument of Government
      Land:
      Sweden

      Chapter 2 - Fundamental rights and freedoms: Article 4 There shall be no capital punishment.

    • Constitutión Española
      Land:
      Spain

      Artículo 15 Todos tienen derecho a la vida y a la integridad física y moral, sin que, en ningún caso, puedan ser sometidos a tortura ni a penas o tratos inhumanos o degradantes. Queda abolida la pena de muerte, salvo lo que puedan disponer las leyes penales militares para tiempos de guerra.

    • Constitution of the Kingdom of Spain
      Land:
      Spain

      Article 15 Everyone has the right to life and to physical and moral integrity, and under no circumstances may be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading punishment or treatment. Death penalty is hereby abolished, except as provided for by military criminal law in times of war.

    • Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia
      Land:
      Slovenia

      Article 17 Human life is inviolable. There is no capital punishment in Slovenia.

    • Ustava Republike Slovenije
      Land:
      Slovenia

      17. člen Človekovo življenje je nedotakljivo. V Sloveniji ni smrtne kazni.

    • Constitution of the Slovak Republic
      Land:
      Slovakia

      Article 15 (1) Everyone has the right to life. Human life is worth of protection even before birth.(2) No one shall be deprived of life. (3) Capital punishment is not permitted. (4) It is not violation of rights under this article, if someone is deprived of life as a result of an action that is not deemed criminal under the law.

    • Ústava Slovenskej republiky
      Land:
      Slovakia

      Čl. 15(1) Každý má právo na život. Ľudský život je hodný ochrany už pred narodením. (2) Nikto nesmie byť pozbavený života. (3) Trest smrti sa nepripúšťa. (4) Podľa tohto článku nie je porušením práv, ak bol niekto pozbavený života v súvislosti s konaním, ktoré podľa zákona nie je trestné.

    • Constituția României
      Land:
      Romania

      Articolul 22(1) Dreptul la viata, precum si dreptul la integritate fizica si psihica ale persoanei sunt garantate.(3) Pedeapsa cu moartea este interzisa.

    • Constitution of Romania
      Land:
      Romania

       Article 22(1) The right to life, as well as the right to physical and mental integrity of person are guaranteed. (3) The death penalty is prohibited.

    • Constituição da República Portuguesa
      Land:
      Portugal

      Artigo 24.º (Direito à vida) 1. A vida humana é inviolável. 2. Em caso algum haverá pena de morte.

    • Constitution of the Portuguese Republic
      Land:
      Portugal

      Article 24 (Right to life) (1) Human life is inviolable. (2) In no case shall there be the death penalty.

    • Constitution of the Republic of Poland
      Land:
      Poland

      Article 38 The Republic of Poland shall ensure the legal protection of the life of every human being.

    • Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
      Land:
      Poland

      Art. 38 Rzeczpospolita Polska zapewnia każdemu człowiekowi prawną ochronę życia.

    • Constitution of Malta
      Land:
      Malta

      Article 331) No person shall intentionally be deprived of his life save in execution of the sentence of a court in respect of a criminal offence under the law of Malta of which he has been convicted.(2) Without prejudice to any liability for a contravention of any other law with respect to the use of force in such cases as are hereinafter mentioned, a person shall not be regarded as having been deprived of his life in contravention of this section if he dies as the result of the use of force to such extent as is reasonably justifiable in the circumstances of the case -- (a) for the defence of any person from violence or for the defence of property; (b) in order to effect a lawful arrest or to prevent the escape of a person lawfully detained; (c) for the purpose of suppressing a riot, insurrection or mutiny; or (d) in order to prevent the commission by that person of a criminal offence, or if he dies as the result of a lawful act of war.

    • Constitution du Grand Duche de Luxembourg
      Land:
      Luxembourg

      Article 18. La peine de mort ne peut être établie.

    • Constitution of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
      Land:
      Luxembourg

      Article 18. The death penalty may not be established.

    • Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania
      Land:
      Lithuania

      Article 19. The right to life of a human being shall be protected by law.

    3 results found

    • Regulation (EU) No 656/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 establishing rules for the surveillance of the external sea borders in the context of operational cooperation coordinated by the European Agency for the Management

      (19) This Regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by Articles 2 and 6 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and by the Charter, in particular respect for human dignity, the right to life, the prohibition of torture and of inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the prohibition of trafficking in human beings, the right to liberty and security, the right to the protection of personal data, the right to asylum and to protection against removal and expulsion, the principles of non-refoulement and non-discrimination, the right to an effective remedy and the rights of the child. This Regulation should be applied by Member States and the Agency in accordance with those rights and principles.

    • Regulation (EU) 2019/125 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 January 2019 concerning trade in certain goods which could be used for capital punishment, torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment

      Article 1 Subject matter

      This Regulation lays down Union rules governing trade with third countries in goods that could be used for the purpose of capital punishment or for the purpose of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and rules governing the supply of brokering services, technical assistance, training and advertising related to such goods.

      ...

    • Directive (EU) 2017/541 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2017 on combating terrorism and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/475/JHA and amending Council Decision 2005/671/JHA

      Preamble:
      ‘(1) The Union is founded on the universal values of human dignity, freedom, equality and solidarity, and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It is based on the principles of democracy and the rule of law, which are common to the Member States.’
      ‘(2) Acts of terrorism constitute one of the most serious violations of the universal values of human dignity, freedom, equality and solidarity, and enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms on which the Union is founded. They also represent one of the most serious attacks on democracy and the rule of law, principles which are common to the Member States and on which the Union is based. [...]’
      Article 25 - Protection of victims of terrorism
      ‘Member States shall ensure that measures are available to protect victims of terrorism and their family members, in accordance with Directive 2012/29/EU. When determining whether and to what extent they should benefit from protection measures in the course of criminal proceedings, particular attention shall be paid to the risk of intimidation and retaliation and to the need to protect the dignity and physical integrity of victims of terrorism, including during questioning and when testifying.’

    10 results found

    • Protocol No. 13 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, concerning the abolition of the death penalty in all circumstances

      Article 1 – Abolition of the death penalty

      The death penalty shall be abolished. No one shall be condemned to such penalty or executed.

    • Protocol No. 6 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms concerning the abolition of the death penalty

      Article 1 – Abolition of the death penalty

      The death penalty shall be abolished. No-one shall be condemned to such penalty or executed.

    • Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty

      Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 44/128 of 15 December 1989

    • International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

      Article 6

      ... 

      2. In countries which have not abolished the death penalty, sentence of death may be imposed only for the most serious crimes in accordance with the law in force at the time of the commission of the crime and not contrary to the provisions of the present Covenant and to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This penalty can only be carried out pursuant to a final judgement rendered by a competent court.

      ...

    • Convention on the Rights of the Child

      Article 6

      1. States Parties recognize that every child has the inherent right to life. 2

      . States Parties shall ensure to the maximum extent possible the survival and development of the child.

    • International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

      Article 10

      The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize that:

      1. The widest possible protection and assistance should be accorded to the family, which is the natural and fundamental group unit of society, particularly for its establishment and while it is responsible for the care and education of dependent children. Marriage must be entered into with the free consent of the intending spouses.

      2. Special protection should be accorded to mothers during a reasonable period before and after childbirth. During such period working mothers should be accorded paid leave or leave with adequate social security benefits.

      3. Special measures of protection and assistance should be taken on behalf of all children and young persons without any discrimination for reasons of parentage or other conditions. Children and young persons should be protected from economic and social exploitation. Their employment in work harmful to their morals or health or dangerous to life or likely to hamper their normal development should be punishable by law. States should also set age limits below which the paid employment of child labour should be prohibited and punishable by law.

    • International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

      Article 6

      1. Every human being has the inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.

      2. In countries which have not abolished the death penalty, sentence of death may be imposed only for the most serious crimes in accordance with the law in force at the time of the commission of the crime and not contrary to the provisions of the present Covenant and to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This penalty can only be carried out pursuant to a final judgement rendered by a competent court.

      3. When deprivation of life constitutes the crime of genocide, it is understood that nothing in this article shall authorize any State Party to the present Covenant to derogate in any way from any obligation assumed under the provisions of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.

      4. Anyone sentenced to death shall have the right to seek pardon or commutation of the sentence. Amnesty, pardon or commutation of the sentence of death may be granted in all cases.

      5. Sentence of death shall not be imposed for crimes committed by persons below eighteen years of age and shall not be carried out on pregnant women.

      6. Nothing in this article shall be invoked to delay or to prevent the abolition of capital punishment by any State Party to the present Covenant.

    • Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) Resolution 2229 (2018) on International obligations of Council of Europe member States to protect life at sea

      Resolution 2229 (2018) - International obligations of Council of Europe member States to protect life at sea

    • UN Human Rights Committee General comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life

      General comment No. 36 (2018) on article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the right to life

      (adopted by the Committee at its 124th session (8 October to 2 November 2018).

       

    • ECHR provisions of article 2 and Protocols 6 and 13

      ECHR provisions of article 2 and Protocols 6 and 13 have been incorporated into UK law by the Human Rights Act 1998.