Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union
Artikel 50 - Recht, wegen derselben Straftat nicht zweimal strafrechtlich verfolgt oder bestraft zu werden
Artikel 50 - Recht, wegen derselben Straftat nicht zweimal strafrechtlich verfolgt oder bestraft zu werden
Niemand darf wegen einer Straftat, derentwegen er bereits in der Union nach dem Gesetz rechtskräftig verurteilt oder freigesprochen worden ist, in einem Strafverfahren erneut verfolgt oder bestraft werden.
Erläuterungen
- Text:
Artikel 4 des Protokolls Nr. 7 zur EMRK lautet wie folgt:
`1. Niemand darf wegen einer Straftat, wegen der er bereits nach dem Gesetz und dem Strafverfahrensrecht eines Staates rechtskräftig verurteilt oder freigesprochen worden ist, in einem Strafverfahren desselben Staates erneut verfolgt oder bestraft werden.
2. Absatz 1 schließt die Wiederaufnahme des Verfahrens nach dem Gesetz und dem Strafverfahrensrecht des betreffenden Staates nicht aus, falls neue oder neu bekannt gewordene Tatsachen vorliegen oder das vorausgegangene Verfahren schwere, den Ausgang des Verfahrens berührende Mängel aufweist.
3. Von diesem Artikel darf nicht nach Artikel 15 der Konvention abgewichen werden.`
Die Regel `ne bis in idem` wird im Unionsrecht angewandt (siehe in der umfangreichen Rechtsprechung Urteil vom 5. Mai 1966, Rechtssachen 18/65 und 35/65, Gutmann gegen Kommission, Slg. 1966, 150, und in jüngerer Zeit Urteil des Gerichts erster Instanz vom 20. April 1999, verbundene Rechtssachen T-305/94 und andere, Limburgse Vinyl Maatschappij NV gegen Kommission, Slg. 1999, II-931). Es ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Regel des Verbots der Doppelbestrafung sich auf gleichartige Sanktionen, in diesem Fall durch ein Strafgericht verhängte Strafen, bezieht.
Nach Artikel 50 findet die Regel `ne bis in idem` nicht nur innerhalb der Gerichtsbarkeit eines Staates, sondern auch zwischen den Gerichtsbarkeiten mehrerer Mitgliedstaaten Anwendung. Dies entspricht dem Rechtsbesitzstand der Union; siehe die Artikel 54 bis 58 des Schengener Durchführungsübereinkommens und Urteil des Gerichtshofes vom 11. Februar 2003, Rechtssache C-187/01 Gözütok (Slg. 2003, I-1345), Artikel 7 des Übereinkommens über den Schutz der finanziellen Interessen der Europäischen Gemeinschaften sowie Artikel 10 des Übereinkommens über die Bekämpfung der Bestechung. Die klar eingegrenzten Ausnahmen, in denen die Mitgliedstaaten nach diesen Übereinkommen von der Regel `ne bis in idem` abweichen können, sind von der horizontalen Klausel des Artikels 52 Absatz 1 über die Einschränkungen abgedeckt. Was die in Artikel 4 des Protokolls Nr. 7 bezeichneten Fälle betrifft, nämlich die Anwendung des Grundsatzes in ein und demselben Mitgliedstaat, so hat das garantierte Recht dieselbe Bedeutung und dieselbe Tragweite wie das entsprechende Recht der EMRK.
Quelle:Amtsblatt der Europäischen Union C 303/17 - 14.12.2007Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:Die Erläuterungen wurden ursprünglich unter der Verantwortung des Präsidiums des Konvents, der die Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union ausgearbeitet hat, formuliert. Sie wurden unter der Verantwortung des Präsidiums des Europäischen Konvents aufgrund der von diesem Konvent vorgenommenen Anpassungen des Wortlauts der Charta (insbesondere der Artikel 51 und 52) und der Fortentwicklung des Unionsrechts aktualisiert. Diese Erläuterungen haben als solche keinen rechtlichen Status, stellen jedoch eine nützliche Interpretationshilfe dar, die dazu dient, die Bestimmungen der Charta zu verdeutlichen.
Rechtsprechung
- Engie Romania SA v Autoritatea Naţională de Reglementare în Domeniul EnergieiDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Typ:DecisionPolicy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2025:43
- Criminal proceedings against Parchetul de pe lângă Curtea de Apel CraiovaDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Typ:DecisionPolicy area:Justice, freedom and securityECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2024:70
- Criminal proceedings against Österreichischer Delegierter Europäischer StaatsanwaltDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Typ:DecisionPolicy area:Justice, freedom and securityECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2023:1018
- Ministerio Fiscal v JuanDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Typ:DecisionPolicy area:Justice, freedom and securityECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2023:684
- Volkswagen Group Italia S.p.A. and Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft v Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del MercatoDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Typ:DecisionPolicy area:Justice, freedom and securityECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2023:663
- Order of Flemish Bars and Alain Claes and the de facto association “Belgian Association of Tax Lawyers” and others v. The Government of the Brussels-Capital Region and the Flemish GovernmentDecision date:Deciding body type:National Court/TribunalDeciding body:Constitutional CourtTyp:DecisionPolicy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:BE:GHCC:2023:ARR.111
- EBP vs. Prosecutor GeneralDecision date:Deciding body type:National Court/TribunalDeciding body:Supreme CourtTyp:DecisionPolicy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):
- B.D. v. Vilnius Regional Prosecutor‘s OfficeDecision date:Deciding body type:National Court/TribunalDeciding body:Supreme Court of LithuaniaTyp:DecisionPolicy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):
- Criminal proceedings against MRDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Fifth Chamber)Typ:DecisionPolicy area:Justice, freedom and securityECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2023:236
- Dual Prod SRL v Direcţia Generală Regională a Finanţelor Publice Cluj-Napoca - Comisia regională pentru autorizarea operatorilor de produse supuse accizelor armonizateDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Fourth Chamber)Typ:DecisionPolicy area:Justice, freedom and securityECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2023:234
Nationales Verfassungsrecht
20 results found
- Charter of Fundamental Rights and FreedomsLand:Czechia
Article 40 (5) No one may be criminally prosecuted for an act for which she has already been finally
convicted or acquitted. This rule shall not preclude the application, in conformity with law, of extraordinary procedures of legal redress. - Listina základních práv a svobodLand:Czechia
Článek 40 (5) Nikdo nemůže být trestně stíhán za čin, pro který již byl pravomocně odsouzen nebo zproštěn obžaloby. Tato
zásada nevylučuje uplatnění mimořádných opravných prostředků v souladu se zákonem. - Constitution of the Republic of SloveniaLand:Slovenia
Article 31 No one may be sentenced or punished twice for the same criminal offence for which criminal proceedings were dismissed finally, or for which the charge was finally rejected, or for which the person was acquitted or convicted by a final judgement.
- Ustava Republike SlovenijeLand:Slovenia
31. člen Nihče ne sme biti ponovno obsojen ali kaznovan zaradi kaznivega dejanja, za katero je bil kazenski postopek zoper njega pravnomočno ustavljen, ali je bila obtožba zoper njega pravnomočno zavrnjena, ali je bil s pravnomočno sodbo oproščen ali obsojen.
- Constitution of the Slovak RepublicLand:Slovakia
Article 50 (...) (5) No one may be criminally prosecuted for an act for which he has already been sentenced, or of which he has already been acquitted. This principle does not rule out the application of extraordinary remedies in compliance with the law. (...)
- Ústava Slovenskej republikyLand:Slovakia
Čl. 50 (...) (5) Nikoho nemožno trestne stíhať za čin, za ktorý bol už právoplatne odsúdený alebo oslobodený spod obžaloby. Táto zásada nevylučuje uplatnenie mimoriadnych opravných prostriedkov v súlade so zákonom.(...)
- Constituição da República PortuguesaLand:Portugal
Artigo 29.º (Aplicação da lei criminal) 5. Ninguém pode ser julgado mais do que uma vez pela prática do mesmo crime.
- Constitution of the Portuguese RepublicLand:Portugal
Article 29 (Application of criminal law) (5) No one may be tried more than once for commission of the same crime.
- Constitution of the Republic of LithuaniaLand:Lithuania
Article 31. […] No one may be punished twice for the same offence.
- Lietuvos Respublikos KonstitucijaLand:Lithuania
31 straipsnis. [...] Niekas negali būti baudžiamas už tą patį nusikaltimą antrą kartą.
- Magyarország AlaptörvényeLand:Hungary
XXVIII. cikk (SZABADSÁG ÉS FELELŐSSÉG) […] (6) A jogorvoslat törvényben meghatározott rendkívüli esetei kivételével senki nem vonható büntetőeljárás alá, és nem ítélhető el olyan bűncselekményért, amely miatt Magyarországon vagy – nemzetközi szerződés, illetve az Európai Unió jogi aktusa által meghatározott körben – más államban törvénynek megfelelően már jogerősen felmentették vagy elítélték.
- The Fundamental Law of HungaryLand:Hungary
Article XXVIII (Freedom and Responsibility) […] (6) With the exception of extraordinary cases of legal remedy laid down in an Act, no one
shall be prosecuted or convicted for a criminal offence for which he or she has already been
finally acquitted or convicted in Hungary or, within the scope specified in an international treaty and a legal act of the European Union, in another State, as provided for by an Act. - Basic Law for the Federal Republic of GermanyLand:Germany
Artikel 103 (3) No person may be punished for the same act more than once under the general criminal laws.
- Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik DeutschlandLand:Germany
Artikel 103 (3) Niemand darf wegen derselben Tat auf Grund der allgemeinen Strafgesetze mehrmals bestraft werden.
- The Constitution of the Republic of CyprusURL:Land:Cyprus
12(2). A person who has been acquitted or convicted of an offence shall not be tried again for the same offence. No person shall be punished twice for the same act or omission except where death ensues from such act or omission.
- Tο Σύνταγμα της Κυπριακής ΔημοκρατίαςURL:Land:Cyprus
12(2). Ο απαλλαγείς ή καταδικασθείς δεν δικάζεται εκ δευτέρου διά το αυτό αδίκημα. Ουδείς τιμωρείται εκ δευτέρου διά την αυτήν πράξιν ή παράλειψιν, εκτός εάν συνεπεία ταύτης προεκλήθη θάνατος.]
- Constitution of the Republic of CroatiaLand:Croatia
Article 31
(2)No one may be re-tried nor penalized in criminal prosecution for an act for which such individual has already been acquitted or sentenced by a binding court judgment in accordance with law.
(3)The cases and reasons for the renewal of court proceedings under paragraph (2) of this Article may be stipulated solely by law, in accordance with the Constitution and international treaties. - Ustav Republike HrvatskeLand:Croatia
Članak 31.
(2)Nikome se ne može ponovno suditi niti ga se može kazniti u kaznenom postupku za kazneno djelo za koje je već pravomoćno oslobođen ili osuđen u skladu sa zakonom.(3)Samo se zakonom, u skladu s Ustavom i međunarodnim ugovorom, mogu propisati slučajevi i razlozi za obnovu postupka iz stavka 2. ovoga članka.
- 7. Zusatzprotokoll zur Konvention zum Schutze der Menschenrechte und GrundfreiheitenLand:Austria
Artikel 4 (1) Niemand darf wegen einer strafbaren Handlung, wegen der er bereits nach dem Gesetz und dem Strafverfahrensrecht eines Staates rechtskräftig verurteilt oder freigesprochen worden ist, in einem Strafverfahren desselben Staates erneut vor Gericht gestellt oder bestraft werden.
- 7th Additional Protocolo the The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)Land:Austria
Article 4 (1) No one shall be liable to be tried or punished again in criminal proceedings under the jurisdiction of the same State for an offence for which he has already been finally acquitted or convicted in accordance with the law and penal procedure of that State.
EU-Recht
5 results found
- Council Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 of 12 October 2017 implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (‘the EPPO’)
Preamble
(30) The investigations of the EPPO should as a rule be carried out by European Delegated Prosecutors in the Member States. They should do so in accordance with this Regulation and, as regards matters not covered by this Regulation, in accordance with national law. European Delegated Prosecutors should carry out their tasks under the supervision of the supervising European Prosecutor and under the direction and instruction of the competent Permanent Chamber. Where the national law of a Member State provides for the internal review of certain acts within the structure of the national prosecutor’s office, the review of such decisions taken by the European Delegated Prosecutor should fall under the supervision powers of the supervising European Prosecutor in accordance with the internal rules of procedure of the EPPO. In such cases, Member States should not be obliged to provide for review by national courts, without prejudice to Article 19 TEU and Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the Charter’).
(80) The evidence presented by the EPPO in court should not be denied admission on the mere ground that the evidence was gathered in another Member State or in accordance with the law of another Member State, provided that the trial court considers its admission to respect the fairness of the procedure and the suspect or accused person’s rights of defence under the Charter. This Regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by Article 6 TEU and in the Charter, in particular Title VI thereof, by international law and by international agreements to which the Union or all the Member States are party, including the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and by Member States’ constitutions in their respective fields of application. In line with those principles, and in respecting the different legal systems and traditions of the Member States as provided for in Article 67(1) TFEU, nothing in this Regulation may be interpreted as prohibiting the courts from applying the fundamental principles of national law on fairness of the procedure that they apply in their national systems, including in common law systems.
(83) This Regulation requires the EPPO to respect, in particular, the right to a fair trial, the rights of the defence and the presumption of innocence, as enshrined in Articles 47 and 48 of the Charter. Article 50 of the Charter, which protects the right not to be tried or punished twice in criminal proceedings for the same offence (ne bis in idem), ensures that there will be no double jeopardy as a result of the prosecutions brought by the EPPO. The activities of the EPPO should thus be exercised in full compliance with those rights and this Regulation should be applied and interpreted accordingly.(98) In order to ensure effective, reliable and consistent monitoring of compliance with and enforcement of this Regulation as regards operational personal data, as required by Article 8 of the Charter, the European Data Protection Supervisor should have the tasks laid down in this Regulation and should have effective powers, including investigative, corrective, and advisory powers which constitute the necessary means to perform those tasks. However, the powers of the European Data Protection Supervisor should not unduly interfere with specific rules for criminal proceedings, including investigation and prosecution of criminal offences, or the independence of the judiciary.
Article 5: Basic principles of the activities
1. The EPPO shall ensure that its activities respect the rights enshrined in the Charter.
2. The EPPO shall be bound by the principles of rule of law and proportionality in all its activities.
3. The investigations and prosecutions on behalf of the EPPO shall be governed by this Regulation. National law shall apply to the extent that a matter is not regulated by this Regulation. Unless otherwise specified in this Regulation, the applicable national law shall be the law of the Member State whose European Delegated Prosecutor is handling the case in accordance with Article 13(1). Where a matter is governed by both national law and this Regulation, the latter shall prevail.
4. The EPPO shall conduct its investigations in an impartial manner and shall seek all relevant evidence whether inculpatory or exculpatory.
5. The EPPO shall open and conduct investigations without undue delay.
6. The competent national authorities shall actively assist and support the investigations and prosecutions of the EPPO. Any action, policy or procedure under this Regulation shall be guided by the principle of sincere cooperation.
Article 41: Scope of the rights of the suspects and accused persons
1. The activities of the EPPO shall be carried out in full compliance with the rights of suspects and accused persons enshrined in the Charter, including the right to a fair trial and the rights of defence.
2. Any suspected or accused person in the criminal proceedings of the EPPO shall, at aa minimum, have the procedural rights provided for in Union law, including directives concerning the rights of suspects and accused persons in criminal procedures, as implemented by national law, such as:
(a) the right to interpretation and translation, as provided for in Directive 2010/64/EU;
(b) the right to information and access to the case materials, as provided for in Directive 2012/13/EU;
(c) the right of access to a lawyer and the right to communicate with and have third persons informed in the event of detention, as provided for in Directive 2013/48/EU;
(d) the right to remain silent and the right to be presumed innocent as provided for in Directive (EU) 2016/343;
(e) the right to legal aid as provided for in Directive (EU) 2016/1919.
3. Without prejudice to the rights referred to in this Chapter, suspects and accused persons as well as other persons involved in the proceedings of the EPPO shall have all the procedural rights available to them under the applicable national law, including the possibility to present evidence, to request the appointment of experts or expert examination and hearing of witnesses, and to request the EPPO to obtain such measures on behalf of the defence.
Article 47: Principles relating to processing of personal data
1. Personal data shall be:
(a) processed lawfully and fairly (‘lawfulness and fairness’);
(b) collected for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes and not further processed in a manner incompatible with those purposes; further processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes shall not be considered to be incompatible with the initial purposes provided that the EPPO provides appropriate safeguards for the rights and freedoms of data subjects (‘purpose limitation’);
(c) adequate, relevant, and not excessive in relation to the purposes for which they are processed (‘data minimisation’);
(d) accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date; every reasonable step must be taken to ensure that personal data that are inaccurate, having regard to the purposes for which they are processed, are erased or rectified without delay (‘accuracy’);
(e) kept in a form which permits identification of data subjects for no longer than is necessary for the purposes for which the personal data are processed; personal data may be stored for longer periods insofar as the personal data will be processed solely for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes provided that the EPPO provides appropriate safeguards for the rights and freedoms of data subjects, in particular by the implementation of the appropriate technical and organisational measures required by this Regulation (‘storage limitation’);
(f) processed in a manner that ensures appropriate security of the personal data, including protection against unauthorised or unlawful processing and against accidental loss, destruction or damage, using appropriate technical or organisational measures (‘integrity and confidentiality’).
2. The EPPO shall be responsible for, and be able to demonstrate compliance with paragraph 1 (‘accountability’) when processing personal data wholly or partly by automated means and when processing other than by automated means personal data which form part of a filing system or are intended to form part of a filing system.
3. Processing by the EPPO for any of the purposes set out in Article 49 other than that for which the operational personal data are collected shall be permitted in so far as:
(a) the EPPO is authorised to process such operational personal data for such a purpose in accordance with this Regulation; and
(b) processing is necessary and proportionate to that other purpose in accordance with Union law; and
(c) where relevant, the use of operational personal data is not prohibited by the applicable national procedural law on the investigative measures taken in accordance with Article 30. The applicable national procedural law is the law of the Member State where the data was obtained.
- Regulation (EU) 2022/1925 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2022 on contestable and fair markets in the digital sector
Preamble
(109) This Regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, in particular Articles 16, 47 and 50 thereof. Accordingly, the interpretation and application of this Regulation should respect those rights and principles,
- Directive (EU) 2017/1371 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2017 on the fight against fraud to the Union's financial interests by means of criminal lawURL:
Preamble:
(21) Given the possibility of multiple jurisdictions for cross-border criminal offences falling under the scope of this Directive, the Member States should ensure that the principle of ne bis in idem is respected in full in the application of national law transposing this Directive
...
(28) The intended dissuasive effect of the application of criminal law sanctions requires particular caution with regard to fundamental rights. This Directive respects fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in particular by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the ‘Charter’) and in particular the right to liberty and security, the protection of personal data, the freedom to choose an occupation and right to engage in work, the freedom to conduct a business, the right to property, the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial, the presumption of innocence and the right of defence, the principles of the legality and proportionality of criminal offences and sanctions, as well as the principle of ne bis in idem. This Directive seeks to ensure full respect for those rights and principles and must be implemented accordingly. - Directive 2014/41/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 regarding the European Investigation Order in criminal matters
Preamble:
(17) The principle of ne bis in idem is a fundamental principle of law in the Union, as recognised by the Charter and developed by the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Therefore the executing authority should be entitled to refuse the execution of an EIO if its execution would be contrary to that principle. Given the preliminary nature of the proceedings underlying an EIO, its execution should not be subject to refusal where it is aimed to establish whether a possible conflict with the ne bis in idem principle exists, or where the issuing authority has provided assurances that the evidence transferred as a result of the execution of the EIO would not be used to prosecute or impose a sanction on a person whose case has been finally disposed of in another Member State for the same facts.
...
Article 11. Grounds for non-recognition or non-execution:
1. Without prejudice to Article 1(4), recognition or execution of an EIO may be refused in the executing State where: ...
(d) the execution of the EIO would be contrary to the principle of ne bis in idem - Directive 2014/57/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on criminal sanctions for market abuse (market abuse directive)
Preamble:
(23) The scope of this Directive is determined in such a way as to complement, and ensure the effective implementation of, Regulation (EU) No 596/2014. Whereas offences should be punishable under this Directive when committed intentionally and at least in serious cases, sanctions for breaches of Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 do not require that intent is proven or that they are qualified as serious. In the application of national law transposing this Directive, Member States should ensure that the imposition of criminal sanctions for offences in accordance with this Directive and of administrative sanctions in accordance with the Regulation (EU) No 596/2014 does not lead to a breach of the principle of ne bis in idem.