eu-charter

EU:n perusoikeuskirja

50 artikla - Kielto syyttää ja rangaista oikeudenkäynnissä kahdesti samasta rikoksesta

50 artikla - Kielto syyttää ja rangaista oikeudenkäynnissä kahdesti samasta rikoksesta

Ketään ei saa panna syytteeseen tai rangaista rikoksesta, josta hänet on jo unionissa lopullisesti vapautettu tai tuomittu syylliseksi lain mukaisesti.

    • Text:

      Euroopan ihmisoikeussopimuksen seitsemännen lisäpöytäkirjan 4 artikla kuuluu seuraavasti:

      `1. Ketään ei saa saman valtion tuomiovallan nojalla tutkia uudelleen tai rangaista oikeudenkäynnissä rikoksesta, josta hänet on jo lopullisesti vapautettu tai tuomittu syylliseksi kyseisen valtion lakien ja oikeudenkäyntimenettelyn mukaisesti.

      2. Edellisen kappaleen määräykset eivät estä ottamasta juttua uudelleen tutkittavaksi asianomaisen valtion lakien ja oikeudenkäyntimenettelyn mukaisesti, jos on näyttöä uusista tai vasta esiin tulleista tosiseikoista tai jos aiemmassa prosessissa on tapahtunut sellainen perustavaa laatua oleva virhe, joka voisi vaikuttaa lopputulokseen.

      3. Tästä artiklasta ei saa poiketa yleissopimuksen 15 artiklan perusteella.` Non bis in idem -sääntöä sovelletaan unionin oikeudessa (lukuisista oikeustapauksista ks. 5.5.1966 annettua tuomiota asiassa Gutmann vastaan komissio, asia 18/65 ja asia 35/65, Kok. 1966, s. 150 ja äskettäin ratkaistun asian osalta ensimmäisen oikeusasteen tuomioistuimen tuomio 20.4.1999, yhdistetyt asiat T–305/94 ja muut, Limburgse Vinyl Maatschappij NV vastaan komissio, Kok. 1999, s. II–931). Täsmennetään, että kumulaation kieltävä sääntö koskee kahden samankaltaisen rangaistuksen yhdistämistä, tässä tapauksessa rikosprosessissa.

      Non bis in idem -sääntöä ei 50 artiklan mukaisesti sovelleta ainoastaan saman valtion tuomioistuimissa, vaan myös useiden jäsenvaltioiden tuomioistuinten välillä. Tämä vastaa unionin säännöstöä; ks. Schengenin sopimuksen soveltamisesta tehdyn yleissopimuksen 54–58 artikla ja yhteisöjen tuomioistuimen tuomio, 11.2.2003, asia C–187/01, Gözütok (Kok. 2003, s. I–1345), yhteisöjen taloudellisten etujen suojaamisesta tehdyn yleissopimuksen 7 artikla ja lahjonnan torjuntaa koskevan yleissopimuksen 10 artikla. Muutamat poikkeukset, jotka näissä yleissopimuksissa mahdollistavat jäsenvaltioille non bis in idem -säännöstä poikkeamisen, kuuluvat 52 artiklan 1 kohdan rajoituksia koskevan horisontaalisen lausekkeen piiriin. Seitsemännen lisäpöytäkirjan 4 artiklassa tarkoitetuissa tilanteissa, eli kun periaatetta sovelletaan yhdessä jäsenvaltiossa, on tällä turvatulla oikeudella sama merkitys ja kattavuus kuin Euroopan ihmisoikeussopimuksen vastaavalla oikeudella.

      Source:
      Euroopan unionin virallinen lehti C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
      Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
      Nämä selitykset on alun perin laatinut Euroopan unionin perusoikeuskirjan valmistelukunnan puheenjohtajisto. Eurooppa-valmistelukunnan puheenjohtajisto on saattanut ne ajan tasalle tämän valmistelukunnan perusoikeuskirjaan tekemien tekstimuutosten (erityisesti 51 ja 52 artikla) ja unionin oikeuden myöhemmän kehittymisen perusteella. Vaikka niillä ei sellaisenaan ole oikeudellista merkitystä, ne ovat arvokas tulkinnan väline, jonka tarkoituksena on selventää perusoikeuskirjan määräyksiä.
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