eu-charter

Cairt um Chearta Bunúsacha an Aontais Eorpaigh

Airteagal 47 - An ceart chun leigheas éifeachtach agus triail chóir a fháil

Airteagal 47 - An ceart chun leigheas éifeachtach agus triail chóir a fháil

Tá ag gach duine a ndéantar a chearta nó a cearta agus a shaoirsí nó a saoirsí, arna ráthú le dlí an Aontais, a shárú, an ceart chun leigheas éifeachtach a fháil os comhair binse i gcomhréir leis na coinníollacha atá leagtha síos san Airteagal seo. Tá gach duine i dteideal éisteacht chóir phoiblí a fháil laistigh de thréimhse réasúnta ó bhinse neamhspleách neamhchlaon arna bhunú roimh ré le dlí. Beidh an chaoi ag gach duine go ndéanfar é nó í a chomhairliú, a chosaint agus a ionadú. Déanfar cúnamh dlíthiúil a chur ar fáil dóibh siúd nach bhfuil acmhainní leordhóthanacha acu a mhéad is gá an cúnamh sin chun rochtain éifeachtach ar an gceartas a áirithiú.

    • Text:

      Tá an chéad mhír bunaithe ar Airteagal 13 den CECD:
      `Gach uile dhuine a sárófar a chearta agus a shaoirsí mar atáid leagtha amach sa Choinbhinsiún seo, beidh leigheas éifeachtach aige os comhair údaráis náisiúnta, d'ainneoin gur daoine a bhí ag gníomhú i gcáil oifigiúil a rinne an sárú.`
      Is forleithne, áfach, an chosaint atá i ndlí an Aontais toisc go ráthaíonn sé an ceart chun leigheas éifeachtach a fháil os comhair cúirte. Chumhdaigh an Chúirt Bhreithiúnais an ceart sin ina breithiúnas an 15 Bealtaine 1986, mar phrionsabal ginearálta de dhlí an Aontais (Cás 222/84, Johnston [1986] ECR 1651; féach freisin breithiúnas an 15 Deireadh Fómhair 1987, Cás 222/86, Heylens, [1987] ECR 4097 agus breithiúnas an 3 Nollaig 1992, Cás C–97/91 Borelli [1992] ECR, I–6313). De réir na Cúirte, tá feidhm freisin ag an bprionsabal ginearálta sin de chuid dhlí an Aontais maidir leis na Ballstáit nuair atá dlí an Aontais á chur chun feidhme acu. Ní raibh sé i gceist nuair a cuireadh an fasach seo isteach sa Chairt athrú a dhéanamh ar an gcóras athbhreithnithe bhreithiúnaigh a leagtar síos sna Conarthaí, go háirithe na rialacha a bhaineann le hinghlacthacht caingne díreacha os comhair Chúirt Bhreithiúnais an Aontais Eorpaigh. Scrúdaigh an Coinbhinsiún Eorpach córas athbhreithnithe bhreithiúnaigh an Aontais, lena n-áirítear na rialacha maidir le hinghlacthacht, agus dhaingnigh sé iad cé go ndearna sé gnéithe áirithe díobh a leasú, mar atá le sonrú ar Airteagail 251 go 281 den Chonradh ar Fheidhmiú an Aontais Eorpaigh, agus go háirithe ar Airteagal 263(4). Tá feidhm ag Airteagal 47 maidir le hinstitiúidí an Aontais agus maidir le hinstitiúidí na mBallstát nuair atá dlí an Aontais á chur chun feidhme acu, agus sin maidir leis na cearta uile a ráthaítear le dlí an Aontais.
      Freagraíonn an dara mír d'Airteagal 6(1) sa CECD, ar mar seo a leanas atá:
      `Chun a chearta agus a dhualgais sibhialta nó aon chúiseamh coiriúil ina choinne a chinneadh, tá ag gach uile dhuine teideal chun éisteacht chóir phoiblí d'fháil laistigh d'am réasúnach ó bhinse neamhspleách neamhchlaon a bheas bunaithe le dlí. Craolfar an breithiúnas go poiblí ach féadfar an preas agus an pobal d'eisiamh ón triail go léir nó ó aon chuid di, ar mhaithe leis an moráltacht, leis an ord poiblí nó leis an tslándáil náisiúnta i ndaonlathas má bhíonn sin riachtanach i gcomhair leasa ógánach nó chun saol príobháideach na bpáirtithe a chosaint, nó sa mhéid gur dianghá é dar leis an gcúirt in imthosca speisialta ina rachadh an phoiblíocht chun dochair don cheartais`.
      Níl an ceart chun éisteacht chóir teoranta i ndlí an Aontais do dhíospóidí a bhaineann le cearta dlí shibhialta agus le hoibleagáidí dlí shibhialta. Is amhlaidh atá toisc gur comhphobal é an tAontas atá bunaithe ar an smacht reachta, mar a luaigh an Chúirt i gCás 294/83, `Les Verts` v. Parlaimint na hEorpa (breithiúnas an 23 Aibreán 1986, [1986] ECR 1339). Mar sin féin, tá feidhm ag na ráthaíochtaí a thugtar leis an CECD ar gach slí seachas a mhéid a bhaineann lena raon feidhme, ar dhóigh chomhchosúil maidir leis an Aontas.

      Maidir leis an tríú mír, tugtar faoi deara gur chóir, i gcomhréir le cásdlí na Cúirte Breithiúnais um Chearta an Duine, foráil a dhéanamh do chúnamh dlíthiúil i gcás nach bhféadfaí leigheas éifeachtach a áirithiú dá uireasa (Breithiúnas an CECD an 9 Deireadh Fómhair 1979, Airey, Sraith A, Imleabhar 32, lch. 11). Tá córas cúnaimh dhlíthiúil ann freisin do chásanna atá os comhair Chúirt Bhreithiúnais an Aontais Eorpaigh.

      Source:
      Iris Oifigiúil an Aontais Eorpaigh C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
      Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
      Ullmhaíodh na mínithe seo i dtosach faoi údarás Praesidium an Choinbhinsiúin a dhréachtaigh an Chairt um Chearta Bunúsacha an Aontais Eorpaigh. Tugadh suas chun dáta iad faoi chúram Praesidium an Choinbhinsiúin Eorpaigh i bhfianaise na gcoigeartuithe dréachtaithe a rinne an Coinbhinsiún sin ar théacs na Cairte (go háirithe ar Airteagail 51 agus 52) agus i bhfianaise an fhoráis a tháinig ar dhlí an Aontais. Cé nach bhfuil stádas dlí acu iontu féin, is mór is fiú iad mar uirlis léirithe arb é is aidhm di forálacha na Cairte a shoiléiriú.
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    61 results found

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    • Declaration des Droits de l’Homme et du Citoyen du 26 août 1789
      Tír:
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      Article 7 Nul homme ne peut être accusé, arrêté ni détenu que dans les cas déterminés par la Loi, et selon les formes qu'elle a prescrites. Ceux qui sollicitent, expédient, exécutent ou font exécuter des ordres arbitraires, doivent être punis ; mais tout citoyen appelé ou saisi en vertu de la Loi doit obéir à l'instant : il se rend coupable par la résistance. 

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      Tír:
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      Section 21 Protection under the law Everyone has the right to have his or her case dealt with appropriately and without undue delay by a legally competent court of law or other authority, as well as to have a decision pertaining to his or her rights or obligations reviewed by a court of law or other independent organ for the administration of justice. Provisions concerning the publicity of proceedings, the right to be heard, the right to receive a reasoned decision and the right of appeal, as well as the other guarantees of a fair trial and good governance shall be laid down by an Act.

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    • Constitution of the Republic of Estonia
      Tír:
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      Article 15. Everyone whose rights and freedoms have been violated has the right of recourse to the courts. Everyone is entitled to petition the court that hears his or her case to declare unconstitutional any law, other legislative instrument, administrative decision or measure which is relevant in the case.
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    • Eesti Vabariigi Põhiseadus
      Tír:
      Estonia

      § 15. Igaühel on õigus pöörduda oma õiguste ja vabaduste rikkumise korral kohtusse. Igaüks võib oma kohtuasja läbivaatamisel nõuda mis tahes asjassepuutuva seaduse, muu õigusakti või toimingu põhiseaduse vastaseks tunnistamist. Kohus järgib põhiseadust ja tunnistab põhiseaduse vastaseks mis tahes seaduse, muu õigusakti või toimingu, mis rikub põhiseaduses sätestatud õigusi ja vabadusi või on muul viisil põhiseadusega vastuolus.
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    • Danmarks Riges Grundlov
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      Denmark

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    • The Constitutional Act of Denmark
      Tír:
      Denmark

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      Section 65. Subsection 1. In the administration of justice all proceedings shall to the widest possible extent be public and oral. Subsection 2. Laymen shall participate in criminal proceedings. The cases and the form in which such participation shall take place, including which cases shall be tried by jury, shall be provided for by statute.
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    • The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus
      Tír:
      Cyprus

      Article 30
      1. No person shall be denied access to the court assigned to him by or under this Constitution. The establishment of judicial committees or exceptional courts under any name whatsoever is prohibited.
      2. In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, every person is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent, impartial and competent court established by law. Judgement shall be reasoned and pronounced in public session, but the press and the public may be excluded from all or any part of the trial upon a decision of the court where it is in the interest of the security of the Republic or the constitutional order or the public order or the public safety or the public morals or where the interests of juveniles or the protection of the private life of the parties so require or, in special circumstances where, in the opinion of the court, publicity would prejudice the interests of justice.
      3. Every person has the right -
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      (b) to present his case before the court and to have sufficient time necessary for its preparation;
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    • Tο Σύνταγμα της Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας
      Tír:
      Cyprus

      ΑΡΘΡΟΝ 30
      1. Εις ουδένα δύναται ν’ απαγορευθή η προσφυγή ενώπιον του δικαστηρίου, εις ο δικαιούται να προσφύγη δυνάμει του Συντάγματος. Η σύστασις δικαστικών επιτροπών ή εκτάκτων δικαστηρίων υπό οιονδήποτε όνομα απαγορεύεται.
      2. Έκαστος, κατά την διάγνωσιν των αστικών αυτού δικαιωμάτων και υποχρεώσεων ή οιασδήποτε κατ’ αυτού ποινικής κατηγορίας, δικαιούται ανεπηρεάστου, δημοσίας ακροαματικής διαδικασίας εντός ευλόγου χρόνου, ενώπιον ανεξαρτήτου, αμερολήπτου και αρμοδίου δικαστηρίου ιδρυομένου διά νόμου.
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      (α) να πληροφορηθή τους λόγους, δι’ ους καλείται να εμφανισθή ενώπιον του δικαστηρίου,
      (β) να προβάλη τους ισχυρισμούς αυτού ενώπιον του δικαστηρίου και να έχη χρόνον επαρκή διά την προπαρασκευήν τούτων,
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    • Constitution of the Republic of Croatia
      Tír:
      Croatia

      Article 18
      The right to appeal against individual legal decisions made in first-instance proceedings by courts or other authorized bodies shall be guaranteed.
      By way of exception, the right to appeal may be denied in cases specified by law if other legal protections are ensured.

      Article 26
      All citizens of the Republic of Croatia and aliens shall be equal before the courts,
      governmental agencies and other bodies vested with pubic authority.

      Article 28
      Everyone is presumed innocent and may not be held guilty of a criminal offence until such
      guilt is proven by a binding court judgment.

      Article 29
      Everyone shall be entitled have his or her rights and obligations, or suspicion or accusation of
      a criminal offence decided upon fairly before a legally established, independent and impartial
      court within a reasonable period.
      In the case of suspicion or accusation of a criminal offence, the suspected, accused or indicted
      person shall be entitled:
      – to be informed in detail and in a language he/she understands, within the shortest possible
      term, of the nature and grounds for the charges against him/her and the evidence incriminating
      him/her,
      – to have adequate time and opportunity to prepare his/her defence,
      – to defence counsel and unrestricted communication therewith, and to be informed of this
      right,
      – to mount his/her own defence independently or with the assistance of a defence counsel of
      his/her own choice, and if he/she lacks the resources to engage such counsel, to have free
      counsel provided under the conditions specified by law,
      – to be present at his/her trial insofar as he/she is at the disposal of the court,
      – to interrogate or to arrange for interrogation of witnesses for the prosecution and to demand
      the attendance and questioning of defence witnesses under the same conditions which apply to
      witnesses for the prosecution,
      – to assistance by an interpreter free of charge insofar as he/she does not understand the
      language used in the court.
      An admission of guilt may not be coerced from a suspected, accused or indicted individual.
      Evidence obtained illegally may not be admitted in court proceedings.
      Criminal proceedings may only be initiated before the court at the request of an authorized
      prosecutor.

    • Ustav Republike Hrvatske
      Tír:
      Croatia

      Članak 18.
      Jamči se pravo na žalbu protiv pojedinačnih pravnih akata donesenih u postupku prvog stupnja pred sudom ili drugim ovlaštenim tijelom.
      Pravo na žalbu može biti iznimno isključeno u slučajevima određenima zakonom ako je osigurana druga pravna zaštita.

      Članak 26.
      Svi su državljani Republike Hrvatske i stranci jednaki pred sudovima i drugim državnim i inim tijelima koja imaju javne ovlasti.

      Članak 28.
      Svatko je nedužan i nitko ga ne može smatrati krivim za kazneno djelo dok mu se pravomoćnom sudskom presudom ne utvrdi krivnja.

      Članak 29.
      Svatko ima pravo da zakonom ustanovljeni neovisni i nepristrani sud pravično i u razumnom roku odluči o njegovim pravima i obvezama, ili o sumnji ili optužbi zbog kažnjivog djela.

      U slučaju sumnje ili optužbe zbog kažnjivog djela osumnjičenik, okrivljenik ili optuženik ima pravo:
      – da u najkraćem roku bude obaviješten potanko i na jeziku koji razumije o naravi i razlozima optužbe koja se diže protiv njega i o dokazima koji ga terete,
      – da ima odgovarajuće vrijeme i mogućnost za pripremu obrane,
      – na branitelja i nesmetano uspostavljanje veze s braniteljem, i s tim pravom mora biti upoznat,
      – da se brani sam ili uz branitelja po vlastitom izboru, a ako nema dovoljno sredstava da plati branitelja, ima pravo na besplatnog branitelja pod uvjetom propisanim zakonom,
      – da mu se sudi u njegovoj nazočnosti, ukoliko je dostupan sudu,
      – da ispituje ili dade ispitati svjedoke optužbe i da zahtijeva da se osigura nazočnost i ispitivanje svjedoka obrane pod istim uvjetima kao i svjedoka optužbe,
      – na besplatnu pomoć tumača ako ne razumije ili ne govori jezik koji se upotrebljava na sudu.
      Osumnjičenik, okrivljenik i optuženik ne smije se siliti da prizna krivnju.

      Dokazi pribavljeni na nezakonit način ne mogu se uporabiti u sudskom postupku.

      Kazneni postupak može se pokrenuti samo pred sudom na zahtjev ovlaštenog tužitelja.

    • Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria
      Tír:
      Bulgaria

      Art. 30 [...] (4) Everyone shall be entitled to legal counsel from the moment of detention or from the moment of being charged.(5) Everyone shall be entitled to meet his legal counsel in private. The confidentiality of such communication shall be inviolable. Art. 31(1) Anyone charged with a crime shall be brought before a court within the time established by law. [...] (4) The rights of a defendant shall not be restricted beyond what is necessary for the purposes of a fair trial. Art. 45.
      All citizens shall have the right to lodge complaints, proposals and petitions with the state authorities.
      Art. 56Everyone shall have the right to legal defence whenever his rights or legitimate interests are violated or endangered. He shall have the right to be accompanied by legal counsel when appearing before an agency of the State. Art. 117.
      (1) The judiciary shall protect the rights and legitimate interests of all citizens, legal entities and the State. [...] Art. 120.
      (1) The courts shall supervise the legality of the acts and actions of the administrative bodies.
      (2) Citizens and legal entities shall be free to challange any administrative act which affects them, except those listed expressly by the laws. Art. 122(1) Citizens and legal entities shall have the right to legal counsel at all stages of a trial.(2) The procedure by which the right to legal counsel shall be practiced shall be established by law.

    • КОНСТИТУЦИЯ на Република България
      Tír:
      Bulgaria

      Чл. 30 [...] (4) Всеки има право на адвокатска защита от момента на задържането му или на привличането му като обвиняем.(5) Всеки има право да се среща насаме с лицето, което го защитава. Тайната на техните съобщения е неприкосновена. Чл. 31(1) Всеки обвинен в престъпление следва да бъде предаден на съдебната власт в законно определения срок. [...] (4) Не се допускат ограничения на правата на обвиняемия, надхвърлящи необходимото за осъществяване на правосъдието.Чл. 45. Гражданите имат право на жалби, предложения и петиции до държавните органи. Чл. 56 Всеки гражданин има право на защита, когато са нарушени или застрашени негови права или законни интереси. В държавните учреждения той може да се явява и със защитник. Чл. 117. (1) Съдебната власт защитава правата и законните интереси на гражданите, юридическите лица и държавата. [...] Чл. 120. (1) Съдилищата осъществяват контрол за законност на актове и действия на административните органи. (2) Гражданите и юридическите лица могат да обжалват всички административни актове, които ги засягат, освен изрично посочените със закон. Чл. 122(1) Гражданите и юридическите лица имат право на защита във всички стадии на процеса.(2) Редът за упражняване правото на защита се определя със закон.

    • De Belgische Grondwet
      Tír:
      Belgium

      Art 12De vrijheid van de persoon is gewaarborgd.Niemand kan worden vervolgd dan in de gevallen die de wet bepaalt en in de vorm die zij voorschrijft.(...) Art 13Niemand kan tegen zijn wil worden afgetrokken van de rechter die de wet hem toekent.Art 14Geen straf kan worden ingevoerd of toegepast dan krachtens de wet.Art 23Ieder heeft het recht een menswaardig leven te leiden.Daartoe waarborgen de wet, het decreet of de in artikel 134 bedoelde regel, rekening houdend met de overeenkomstige plichten, de economische, sociale en culturele rechten, waarvan ze de voorwaarden voor de uitoefening bepalen.Die rechten omvatten inzonderheid:(...) 2° het recht op sociale zekerheid, bescherming van de gezondheid en sociale, geneeskundige en juridische bijstand(...);Art 144Geschillen over burgerlijke rechten behoren bij uitsluiting tot de bevoegdheid van de rechtbanken.Art 145Geschillen over politieke rechten behoren tot de bevoegdheid van de rechtbanken, behoudens de bij de wet gestelde uitzonderingen.Art 146Geen rechtbank, geen met eigenlijke rechtspraak belast orgaan kan worden ingesteld dan krachtens een wet. Geen buitengewone rechtbanken of commissies kunnen, onder welke benaming ook, in het leven worden geroepen.Art 148De terechtzittingen van de rechtbanken zijn openbaar, tenzij de openbaarheid gevaar oplevert voor de orde of de goede zeden; in dat geval wordt zulks door de rechtbank bij vonnis verklaard.Inzake politieke misdrijven en drukpersmisdrijven kan het sluiten der deuren niet dan met algemene stemmen worden uitgesproken.Art 149Elk vonnis is met redenen omkleed. Het wordt in openbare terechtzitting uitgesproken.

    • La Constitution Belge
      Tír:
      Belgium

      Art 12La liberté individuelle est garantie.Nul ne peut être poursuivi que dans les cas prévus par la loi, et dans la forme qu'elle prescrit.(...) Art 13Nul ne peut être distrait, contre son gré, du juge que la loi lui assigne.Art 14Nulle peine ne peut être établie ni appliquée qu'en vertu de la loi.Art 23Chacun a le droit de mener une vie conforme à la dignité humaine.A cette fin, la loi, le décret ou la règle visée à l'article 134 garantissent, en tenant compte des obligations correspondantes, les droits économiques, sociaux et culturels, et déterminent les conditions de leur exercice.Ces droits comprennent notamment :(...) 2° le droit à la sécurité sociale, à la protection de la santé et à l'aide sociale, médicale et juridique(...);Art 144Les contestations qui ont pour objet des droits civils sont exclusivement du ressort des tribunaux.(....)Art 145Les contestations qui ont pour objet des droits politiques sont du ressort des tribunaux, sauf les exceptions établies par la loi.Art 146Nul tribunal, nulle juridiction contentieuse ne peut être établi qu'en vertu d'une loi. Il ne peu être créé de commissions ni de tribunaux extraordinaires, sous quelque dénomination que ce soit.Art 148Les audiences des tribunaux sont publiques, à moins que cette publicité ne soit dangereuse pour l'ordre ou les moeurs; et, dans ce cas, le tribunal le déclare par un jugement.En matière de délits politiques et de presse, le huis clos ne peut être prononcé qu'à l'unanimité.Art 149Tout jugement est motivé. Il est prononcé en audience publique.

    • The Belgian Constitution
      Tír:
      Belgium

      Article 12.The freedom of the individual is guaranteed.No one can be prosecuted except in the cases provided for by the law, and in the form prescribed by the law.(...) Article 13.No one can be separated, against his will, from the judge that the law has assigned to him. Article 14.No punishment can be introduced or administered except by virtue of the law. Article 23.Everyone has the right to lead a life in keeping with human dignity.
      To this end, the laws, federate laws and rules referred to in Article 134 guarantee
      economic, social and cultural rights, taking into account corresponding obligations, and
      determine the conditions for exercising them:(...) 2° the right to social security, to health care and to social, medical and legal aid;(...) Article 144.Disputes about civil rights belong exclusively to the competence of the courts. However, the law can empower the Council of State or federal administrative courts, in accordance with the terms it specifies, to rule on the effects that their decisions have with respect to civil law. Article 145.Disputes about political rights belong to the competence of the courts, except for the exceptions established by the law. Article 146. A court and a body capable of rendering judgment can only be established by virtue of a law. No extraordinary courts or commissions may be created, no matter under which designation. Article 148. Court hearings are public, unless such public access endangers morals or the peace; if such is the case, the Court so declares in a judgment.In cases of political or press offences, proceedings can only be conducted in camera on the basis of a unanimous vote. Article 149.Each judgment is supported by reasons. It is pronounced publicly.

    • Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz (B-VG)
      Tír:
      Austria

      Artikel 83(2) Niemand darf seinem gesetzlichen Richter entzogen werden. Artikel 87(1) Die Richter sind in Ausübung ihres richterlichen Amtes unabhängig.(...) Article 90(1) Die Verhandlungen in Zivil- und Strafrechtssachen vor dem erkennenden Gericht sind mündlich und öffentlich. Ausnahmen bestimmt das Gesetz.

    • Constitution of the Republic of Austria
      Tír:
      Austria

      Article 83(2) No one may be deprived of his lawful judge. Article 87(1) Judges are independent in the exercise of their judicial office.(...) Article 90(1) Hearings in civil and criminal cases are oral and public. Exceptions are regulated by law.

    • European Convention on Human Rights - Article 6
      Tír:
      Austria

      Article 6 – Right to a fair trial

      1 In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. Judgment shall be pronounced publicly but the press and public may be excluded from all or part of the trial in the interests of morals, public order or national security in a democratic society, where the interests of juveniles or the protection of the private life of the parties so require, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice.

      2 Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.

      3 Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights:

      a to be informed promptly, in a language which he understands and in detail, of the nature and cause of the accusation against him;

      b to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defence;

      c to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing or, if he has not sufficient means to pay for legal assistance, to be given it free when the interests of justice so require;

      d to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him;

      e to have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court.

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