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Cairt um Chearta Bunúsacha an Aontais Eorpaigh
Céard iad cearta bunúsacha?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Brollach
Teideal I: Dínit
1 - Dínit an duine
2 - Ceart chun beatha
3 - An ceart chun iomláine an duine
4 - Toirmeasc ar chéastóireacht agus ar íde nó ar phionós atá mídhaonna nó táireach
5 - Toirmeasc ar an sclábhaíocht agus ar shaothar éignithe
Teideal II: Saoirsí
6 - An ceart chun saoirse agus slándála
7 - Meas ar an saol príobháideach agus ar shaol an teaghlaigh
8 - Sonraí pearsanta a chosaint
9 - An ceart chun pósadh agus an ceart chun teaghlach a bhunú
10 - Saoirse smaoinimh, coinsiasa agus reiligiúin
11 - Saoirse chun tuairimí a nochtadh agus faisnéis a fháil
12 - Saoirse comhthionóil agus comhlachais
13 - Saoirse na n-ealaíon agus na n-eolaíochtaí
14 - An ceart chun oideachais
15 - Saoirse chun slí bheatha a roghnú agus an ceart chun obair a dhéanamh
16 - Saoirse chun gnó a sheoladh
17 - An ceart chun maoine
18 - An ceart chun tearmainn
19 - Cosaint i gcás ina dtarlaíonn aistriú, díbirt nó eiseachadadh
Teideal III: Comhionannas
20 - Comhionannas os comhair an dlí
21 - Neamh-idirdhealú
22 - Éagsúlacht chultúrtha, reiligiúnach agus teanga
23 - Comhionannas idir mná agus fir
24 - Cearta an linbh
25 - Cearta daoine scothaosta
26 - Daoine faoi mhíchumas a lánpháirtiú
Teideal IV: Dlúthpháirtíocht
27 - Ceart oibrithe chun faisnéise agus comhairliúcháin sa ghnóthas
28 - An ceart chun cómhargántaíochta agus chun gníomhaíochta comhchoitinne
29 - An ceart chun rochtain a fháil ar sheirbhís socrúcháin
30 - Cosaint i gcás ina dtarlaíonn dífhostú neamh-inleithscéil
31 - Dálaí oibre cothroma agus córa
32 - Toirmeasc ar leanaí a bheith ag obair agus cosaint daoine óga ag an obair
33 - Saol an teaghlaigh agus an saol gairmiúil
34 - Slándáil shóisialta agus cúnamh sóisialta
35 - Cúram sláinte
36 - Rochtain ar sheirbhísí ar mhaithe le leas eacnamaíoch ginearálta
37 - Cosaint an chomhshaoil
38 - Cosaint tomhaltóirí
Teideal V: Cearta na saoránach
39 - An ceart chun vótáil agus chun seasamh mar iarrthóir i dtoghcháin do Pharlaimint na hEorpa
40 - An ceart chun vótáil agus chun seasamh mar iarrthóir i dtoghcháin bhardasacha
41 - An ceart chun dea-riaracháin
42 - An ceart chun rochtain a fháil ar dhoiciméid
43 - Ombudsman Eorpach
44 - An ceart chun achainí a dhéanamh
45 - Saoirse gluaiseachta agus saoirse cónaithe
46 - Cosaint taidhleoireachta agus chonsalach
Teideal VI: Ceartas
47 - An ceart chun leigheas éifeachtach agus triail chóir a fháil
48 - Toimhde na neamhchiontachta agus ceart chun cosaint a fháil
49 - Prionsabail na dlíthiúlachta agus na comhréireachta i dtaca le cionta coiriúla agus pionóis
50 - An ceart chun nach ndéanfar duine a thriail ná a phionósú faoi dhó in imeachtaí coiriúla i ngeall ar an gcion coiriúil céanna
Teideal VII: Forálacha ginearálta
51 - Raon feidhme
52 - Raon feidhme agus léiriú na gceart agus na bprionsabal
53 - Leibhéal na cosanta
54 - Toirmeasc ar chearta a mhí-úsáid
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Cairt um Chearta Bunúsacha an Aontais Eorpaigh
Céard iad cearta bunúsacha?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Brollach
Teideal I: Dínit
1 -
Dínit an duine
2 -
Ceart chun beatha
3 -
An ceart chun iomláine an duine
4 -
Toirmeasc ar chéastóireacht agus ar íde nó ar phionós atá mídhaonna nó táireach
5 -
Toirmeasc ar an sclábhaíocht agus ar shaothar éignithe
Teideal II: Saoirsí
6 -
An ceart chun saoirse agus slándála
7 -
Meas ar an saol príobháideach agus ar shaol an teaghlaigh
8 -
Sonraí pearsanta a chosaint
9 -
An ceart chun pósadh agus an ceart chun teaghlach a bhunú
10 -
Saoirse smaoinimh, coinsiasa agus reiligiúin
11 -
Saoirse chun tuairimí a nochtadh agus faisnéis a fháil
12 -
Saoirse comhthionóil agus comhlachais
13 -
Saoirse na n-ealaíon agus na n-eolaíochtaí
14 -
An ceart chun oideachais
15 -
Saoirse chun slí bheatha a roghnú agus an ceart chun obair a dhéanamh
16 -
Saoirse chun gnó a sheoladh
17 -
An ceart chun maoine
18 -
An ceart chun tearmainn
19 -
Cosaint i gcás ina dtarlaíonn aistriú, díbirt nó eiseachadadh
Teideal III: Comhionannas
20 -
Comhionannas os comhair an dlí
21 -
Neamh-idirdhealú
22 -
Éagsúlacht chultúrtha, reiligiúnach agus teanga
23 -
Comhionannas idir mná agus fir
24 -
Cearta an linbh
25 -
Cearta daoine scothaosta
26 -
Daoine faoi mhíchumas a lánpháirtiú
Teideal IV: Dlúthpháirtíocht
27 -
Ceart oibrithe chun faisnéise agus comhairliúcháin sa ghnóthas
28 -
An ceart chun cómhargántaíochta agus chun gníomhaíochta comhchoitinne
29 -
An ceart chun rochtain a fháil ar sheirbhís socrúcháin
30 -
Cosaint i gcás ina dtarlaíonn dífhostú neamh-inleithscéil
31 -
Dálaí oibre cothroma agus córa
32 -
Toirmeasc ar leanaí a bheith ag obair agus cosaint daoine óga ag an obair
33 -
Saol an teaghlaigh agus an saol gairmiúil
34 -
Slándáil shóisialta agus cúnamh sóisialta
35 -
Cúram sláinte
36 -
Rochtain ar sheirbhísí ar mhaithe le leas eacnamaíoch ginearálta
37 -
Cosaint an chomhshaoil
38 -
Cosaint tomhaltóirí
Teideal V: Cearta na saoránach
39 -
An ceart chun vótáil agus chun seasamh mar iarrthóir i dtoghcháin do Pharlaimint na hEorpa
40 -
An ceart chun vótáil agus chun seasamh mar iarrthóir i dtoghcháin bhardasacha
41 -
An ceart chun dea-riaracháin
42 -
An ceart chun rochtain a fháil ar dhoiciméid
43 -
Ombudsman Eorpach
44 -
An ceart chun achainí a dhéanamh
45 -
Saoirse gluaiseachta agus saoirse cónaithe
46 -
Cosaint taidhleoireachta agus chonsalach
Teideal VI: Ceartas
47 -
An ceart chun leigheas éifeachtach agus triail chóir a fháil
48 -
Toimhde na neamhchiontachta agus ceart chun cosaint a fháil
49 -
Prionsabail na dlíthiúlachta agus na comhréireachta i dtaca le cionta coiriúla agus pionóis
50 -
An ceart chun nach ndéanfar duine a thriail ná a phionósú faoi dhó in imeachtaí coiriúla i ngeall ar an gcion coiriúil céanna
Teideal VII: Forálacha ginearálta
51 -
Raon feidhme
52 -
Raon feidhme agus léiriú na gceart agus na bprionsabal
53 -
Leibhéal na cosanta
54 -
Toirmeasc ar chearta a mhí-úsáid
Tools
Tools
EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS
Criminal detention database
Anti-Muslim hatred database
Case-law database
Charterpedia
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Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Data protection
GDPR in practice – Experiences of data protection authorities
Miha Creative/Adobe Stock
11
June
2024
GDPR in practice – Experiences of data protection authorities
Data protection
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Data protection rules protect privacy and prevent personal information from misuse. When the general data protection regulation (GDPR) came into force in 2018, it strengthened the role of data protection authorities. These supervisory bodies are the key enforcers of the fundamental right of protection of personal data. This report analyses the challenges they face in the GDPR implementation. The findings complement the European Commission's forthcoming evaluation of the GDPR.
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Key findings and FRA opinions
Inadequate resources risk undermining the implementation of data protection authorities’ mandate and their independence
FRA opinion 1
Supervision is key, but would be more effective if supported by additional tools
FRA opinion 2
Large numbers of complaints are a major challenge and should be addressed by data protection authorities as a priority
FRA opinion 3
Awareness among the general public of the existence of data protection laws does not necessarily mean that they actually understand these laws
FRA opinion 4
Providing scientific researchers with advice is a challenge for some data protection authorities
FRA opinion 5
Advising and supervising public bodies acting as data controllers remains a challenge due to mistrust and misunderstanding of data protection authorities’ competencies
FRA opinion 6
The general data protection regulation is perceived as insufficient when it comes to concretely addressing the challenges posed by new technologies
FRA opinion 7
Strengthening cooperation between data protection authorities may require strengthening the European Data Protection Board
FRA opinion 8
Introduction
Why this report?
What does this report cover?
Scope and methodology
1. Data protection authorities’ complete independence as a fundamental guarantee
1.1. Adequate resources – A safeguard for independence and effectiveness
1.1.1. Adequacy of funding
1.1.2. Adequacy of staffing
1.1.3. Consequences of a lack of resources
1.2. Freedom from external influence
1.2.1. Financial control must not compromise independence
1.2.2. Government, parliament and other public body control
1.2.3. Appointment of data protection authorities’ leadership: ensuring independence and transparency
2. Data protection authorities as supervisory authorities
2.1. Investigatory techniques
2.1.1. Lack of diversity of investigatory techniques
2.1.2. Extending the scope of investigations
2.1.3. Enhanced involvement of data controllers
2.2. Handling complaints
2.2.1. Large number of complaints
2.2.2. Complaints against public administrations
2.2.3. Joint operations involving several data protection authorities
2.3. Ex officio investigations
3. Data protection authorities as advisory authorities
3.1. Advising the general public
3.2. Advising data controllers
3.3. Focus – advising researchers is challenging
3.4. Advising on legislative initiatives
3.5. Data protection officers: privileged partners for data protection authorities
3.6. Lack of expertise to for responding to challenges related to new technologies
4. Data protection authorities as cooperating authorities
4.1. The European Data Protection Board’s added value
4.2. Concerns about the European Data Protection Board
4.3. Looking ahead: the European Data Protection Board’s development
Annex: Methodology
Abbreviations
About this publication
Abbreviations
AI
–
artificial intelligence
CJEU
–
Court of Justice of the European Union
DPA
–
data protection authority
DPIA
–
data protection impact assessment
DPO
–
data protection officer
EDPB
–
European Data Protection Board
EDPS
–
European Data Protection Supervisor
FRA
–
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
GDPR
–
general data protection regulation
IAPP
–
International Association of Privacy Professionals
ICT
–
information and communications technology
IT
–
information technology
Annex: Methodology
About this publication
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