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Work on rights
Spravodlivosť, práva obetí a justičná spolupráca
Práva obetí
Práva obžalovaných
Občianskoprávne súdnictvo
Justičná spolupráca a právny štát
Bezpečnosť
Podnikanie a ľudské práva
Rovnosť, nediskriminácia a rasizmus
Deti, mládež a starší ľudia
Ľudia so zdravotným postihnutím
Trestné činy z nenávisti
Rasový a etnický pôvod
Náboženstvo a viera
Rómovia
Pohlavie, sexuálna orientácia a rodová identita
Azyl, migrácia a hranice
Prístup k azylu
Hranice a informačné systémy
Ochrana dieťaťa
Neregulárna migrácia, návrat a zaistenie prisťahovalcov
Legálna migrácia a integrácia
Obchodovanie s ľuďmi a pracovné vykorisťovanie
Ochrana údajov, súkromie a nové technológie
Umelá inteligencia a veľké dáta
Hranice a informačné systémy
Ochrana osobných údajov
Nezákonné profilovanie
Podpora systémov a obhajcov ľudských práv
Charta základných práv EÚ
Medzivládne systémy pre ľudské práva
Národné systémy a orgány pre ľudské práva
Občianska spoločnosť
Charta základných práv Európskej únie
Čo sú ľudské práva?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Preambula
Hlava I: Dôstojnosť
1 - Ľudská dôstojnosť
2 - Právo na život
3 - Právo na nedotknuteľnosť osoby
4 - Zákaz mučenia a neľudského alebo ponižujúceho zaobchádzania alebo trestu
5 - Zákaz otroctva a nútených prác
Hlava II: Slobody
6 - Právo na slobodu a bezpečnosť
7 - Rešpektovanie súkromného a rodinného života
8 - Ochrana osobných údajov
9 - Právo uzavrieť manželstvo a právo založiť rodinu
10 - Sloboda myslenia, svedomia a náboženského vyznania
11 - Sloboda prejavu a právo na informácie
12 - Sloboda zhromažďovania a združovania
13 - Sloboda umenia a vedeckého bádania
14 - Právo na vzdelanie
15 - Slobodná voľba povolania a právo na prácu
16 - Sloboda podnikania
17 - Vlastnícke právo
18 - Právo na azyl
19 - Ochrana v prípade vysťahovania, vyhostenia alebo extradície
Hlava III: Rovnosť
20 - Rovnosť pred zákonom
21 - Nediskriminácia
22 - Kultúrna, náboženská a jazyková rozmanitosť
23 - Rovnosť medzi ženami a mužmi
24 - Práva dieťaťa
25 - Práva starších osôb
26 - Integrácia osôb so zdravotným postihnutím
Hlava IV: Solidarita
27 - Právo pracovníkov na informácie a konzultácie v rámci podniku
28 - Právo na kolektívne vyjednávanie a kolektívne akcie
29 - Právo na prístup k službám zamestnanosti
30 - Ochrana v prípade bezdôvodného prepustenia
31 - Spravodlivé a primerané pracovné podmien
32 - Zákaz detskej práce a ochrana mladistvých pri práci
33 - Rodina a pracovný život
34 - Sociálne zabezpečenie a sociálna pomoc
35 - Zdravotná starostlivosť
36 - Prístup k službám všeobecného hospodárskeho záujmu
37 - Ochrana životného prostredia
38 - Ochrana spotrebiteľa
Hlava V: Občianstvo
39 - Právo voliť a byť volený vo voľbách do Európskeho parlamentu
40 - Právo voliť a byť volený vo voľbách do orgánov samosprávy obcí
41 - Právo na dobrú správu vecí verejných
42 - Právo na prístup k dokumentom
43 - Európsky ombudsman
44 - Petičné právo
45 - Sloboda pohybu a pobytu
46 - Diplomatická a konzulárna ochrana
Hlava VI: Spravodlivosť
47 - Právo na účinný prostriedok nápravy a na spravodlivý proces
48 - Prezumpcia neviny a právo na obhajobu
49 - Zásady zákonnosti a primeranosti trestných činov a trestov
50 - Právo nebyť stíhaný alebo potrestaný v trestnom konaní dvakrát za ten istý trestný čin
Hlava VII: Všeobecné ustanovenia
51 - Rozsah pôsobnosti
52 - Rozsah a výklad práv a zásad
53 - Úroveň ochrany
54 - Zákaz zneužívania práv
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Work on rights
Spravodlivosť, práva obetí a justičná spolupráca
Práva obetí
Práva obžalovaných
Občianskoprávne súdnictvo
Justičná spolupráca a právny štát
Bezpečnosť
Podnikanie a ľudské práva
Rovnosť, nediskriminácia a rasizmus
Deti, mládež a starší ľudia
Ľudia so zdravotným postihnutím
Trestné činy z nenávisti
Rasový a etnický pôvod
Náboženstvo a viera
Rómovia
Pohlavie, sexuálna orientácia a rodová identita
Azyl, migrácia a hranice
Prístup k azylu
Hranice a informačné systémy
Ochrana dieťaťa
Neregulárna migrácia, návrat a zaistenie prisťahovalcov
Legálna migrácia a integrácia
Obchodovanie s ľuďmi a pracovné vykorisťovanie
Ochrana údajov, súkromie a nové technológie
Umelá inteligencia a veľké dáta
Hranice a informačné systémy
Ochrana osobných údajov
Nezákonné profilovanie
Podpora systémov a obhajcov ľudských práv
Charta základných práv EÚ
Medzivládne systémy pre ľudské práva
Národné systémy a orgány pre ľudské práva
Občianska spoločnosť
Charta základných práv Európskej únie
Charta základných práv Európskej únie
Čo sú ľudské práva?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Preambula
Hlava I: Dôstojnosť
1 -
Ľudská dôstojnosť
2 -
Právo na život
3 -
Právo na nedotknuteľnosť osoby
4 -
Zákaz mučenia a neľudského alebo ponižujúceho zaobchádzania alebo trestu
5 -
Zákaz otroctva a nútených prác
Hlava II: Slobody
6 -
Právo na slobodu a bezpečnosť
7 -
Rešpektovanie súkromného a rodinného života
8 -
Ochrana osobných údajov
9 -
Právo uzavrieť manželstvo a právo založiť rodinu
10 -
Sloboda myslenia, svedomia a náboženského vyznania
11 -
Sloboda prejavu a právo na informácie
12 -
Sloboda zhromažďovania a združovania
13 -
Sloboda umenia a vedeckého bádania
14 -
Právo na vzdelanie
15 -
Slobodná voľba povolania a právo na prácu
16 -
Sloboda podnikania
17 -
Vlastnícke právo
18 -
Právo na azyl
19 -
Ochrana v prípade vysťahovania, vyhostenia alebo extradície
Hlava III: Rovnosť
20 -
Rovnosť pred zákonom
21 -
Nediskriminácia
22 -
Kultúrna, náboženská a jazyková rozmanitosť
23 -
Rovnosť medzi ženami a mužmi
24 -
Práva dieťaťa
25 -
Práva starších osôb
26 -
Integrácia osôb so zdravotným postihnutím
Hlava IV: Solidarita
27 -
Právo pracovníkov na informácie a konzultácie v rámci podniku
28 -
Právo na kolektívne vyjednávanie a kolektívne akcie
29 -
Právo na prístup k službám zamestnanosti
30 -
Ochrana v prípade bezdôvodného prepustenia
31 -
Spravodlivé a primerané pracovné podmien
32 -
Zákaz detskej práce a ochrana mladistvých pri práci
33 -
Rodina a pracovný život
34 -
Sociálne zabezpečenie a sociálna pomoc
35 -
Zdravotná starostlivosť
36 -
Prístup k službám všeobecného hospodárskeho záujmu
37 -
Ochrana životného prostredia
38 -
Ochrana spotrebiteľa
Hlava V: Občianstvo
39 -
Právo voliť a byť volený vo voľbách do Európskeho parlamentu
40 -
Právo voliť a byť volený vo voľbách do orgánov samosprávy obcí
41 -
Právo na dobrú správu vecí verejných
42 -
Právo na prístup k dokumentom
43 -
Európsky ombudsman
44 -
Petičné právo
45 -
Sloboda pohybu a pobytu
46 -
Diplomatická a konzulárna ochrana
Hlava VI: Spravodlivosť
47 -
Právo na účinný prostriedok nápravy a na spravodlivý proces
48 -
Prezumpcia neviny a právo na obhajobu
49 -
Zásady zákonnosti a primeranosti trestných činov a trestov
50 -
Právo nebyť stíhaný alebo potrestaný v trestnom konaní dvakrát za ten istý trestný čin
Hlava VII: Všeobecné ustanovenia
51 -
Rozsah pôsobnosti
52 -
Rozsah a výklad práv a zásad
53 -
Úroveň ochrany
54 -
Zákaz zneužívania práv
Tools
Tools
EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS
Criminal detention database
Anti-Muslim hatred database
Case-law database
Charterpedia
FRA e-learning platform
Data visualisation
Equality data collection: promising practices
Fighting hate crime: promising practices
Informačné materiály
Search
×
Search the FRA website
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Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Data protection
GDPR in practice – Experiences of data protection authorities
Miha Creative/Adobe Stock
11
June
2024
GDPR in practice – Experiences of data protection authorities
Data protection
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Data protection rules protect privacy and prevent personal information from misuse. When the general data protection regulation (GDPR) came into force in 2018, it strengthened the role of data protection authorities. These supervisory bodies are the key enforcers of the fundamental right of protection of personal data. This report analyses the challenges they face in the GDPR implementation. The findings complement the European Commission's forthcoming evaluation of the GDPR.
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Key findings and FRA opinions
Inadequate resources risk undermining the implementation of data protection authorities’ mandate and their independence
FRA opinion 1
Supervision is key, but would be more effective if supported by additional tools
FRA opinion 2
Large numbers of complaints are a major challenge and should be addressed by data protection authorities as a priority
FRA opinion 3
Awareness among the general public of the existence of data protection laws does not necessarily mean that they actually understand these laws
FRA opinion 4
Providing scientific researchers with advice is a challenge for some data protection authorities
FRA opinion 5
Advising and supervising public bodies acting as data controllers remains a challenge due to mistrust and misunderstanding of data protection authorities’ competencies
FRA opinion 6
The general data protection regulation is perceived as insufficient when it comes to concretely addressing the challenges posed by new technologies
FRA opinion 7
Strengthening cooperation between data protection authorities may require strengthening the European Data Protection Board
FRA opinion 8
Introduction
Why this report?
What does this report cover?
Scope and methodology
1. Data protection authorities’ complete independence as a fundamental guarantee
1.1. Adequate resources – A safeguard for independence and effectiveness
1.1.1. Adequacy of funding
1.1.2. Adequacy of staffing
1.1.3. Consequences of a lack of resources
1.2. Freedom from external influence
1.2.1. Financial control must not compromise independence
1.2.2. Government, parliament and other public body control
1.2.3. Appointment of data protection authorities’ leadership: ensuring independence and transparency
2. Data protection authorities as supervisory authorities
2.1. Investigatory techniques
2.1.1. Lack of diversity of investigatory techniques
2.1.2. Extending the scope of investigations
2.1.3. Enhanced involvement of data controllers
2.2. Handling complaints
2.2.1. Large number of complaints
2.2.2. Complaints against public administrations
2.2.3. Joint operations involving several data protection authorities
2.3. Ex officio investigations
3. Data protection authorities as advisory authorities
3.1. Advising the general public
3.2. Advising data controllers
3.3. Focus – advising researchers is challenging
3.4. Advising on legislative initiatives
3.5. Data protection officers: privileged partners for data protection authorities
3.6. Lack of expertise to for responding to challenges related to new technologies
4. Data protection authorities as cooperating authorities
4.1. The European Data Protection Board’s added value
4.2. Concerns about the European Data Protection Board
4.3. Looking ahead: the European Data Protection Board’s development
Annex: Methodology
Abbreviations
About this publication
Abbreviations
AI
–
artificial intelligence
CJEU
–
Court of Justice of the European Union
DPA
–
data protection authority
DPIA
–
data protection impact assessment
DPO
–
data protection officer
EDPB
–
European Data Protection Board
EDPS
–
European Data Protection Supervisor
FRA
–
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
GDPR
–
general data protection regulation
IAPP
–
International Association of Privacy Professionals
ICT
–
information and communications technology
IT
–
information technology
Annex: Methodology
About this publication
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