eu-charter

Charta základných práv Európskej únie

Článok 49 - Zásady zákonnosti a primeranosti trestných činov a trestov

Článok 49 - Zásady zákonnosti a primeranosti trestných činov a trestov

1. Nikoho nemožno odsúdiť za konanie alebo opomenutie, ktoré v čase, keď bolo spáchané, nebolo podľa vnútroštátneho alebo medzinárodného práva trestným činom. Takisto nesmie byť uložený trest prísnejší, než aký bolo možné uložiť v čase spáchania trestného činu. Ak po spáchaní trestného činu zákon ustanovuje miernejší trest, uloží sa tento trest. 2. Tento článok nebráni súdeniu a potrestaniu osoby za konanie alebo opomenutie, ktoré v čase, keď bolo spáchané, bolo trestné podľa všeobecných právnych zásad uznávaných spoločenstvom národov. 3. Prísnosť trestov nesmie byť neprimeraná trestnému činu.

  • Text:

    Tento článok preberá tradičné pravidlo zákazu retroaktivity zákonov a trestov. Bolo doplnené pravidlo retroaktivity miernejšieho trestu, ktoré existuje v niekoľkých členských štátoch a ktoré je uvedené v článku 15 Paktu o občianskych a politických právach.

    Článok 7 EDĽP znie:

    `1. Nikoho nemožno odsúdiť za konanie alebo opomenutie, ktoré v čase, keď bolo spáchané, nebolo podľa vnútroštátneho alebo medzinárodného práva trestným činom. Takisto nesmie byť uložený trest prísnejší, než aký bolo možné uložiť v čase spáchania trestného činu.

    2. Tento článok nebráni súdeniu a potrestaniu osoby za konanie alebo opomenutie, ktoré v čase, keď bolo spáchané, bolo trestné podľa všeobecných právnych zásad uznávaných civilizovanými národmi.` V odseku 2 bol vypustený odkaz na `civilizované` národy; toto však nemení význam tohto odseku, ktorý odkazuje najmä na trestné činy proti ľudskosti. V súlade s článkom 52 ods. 3 charty má preto právo tu zaručené rovnaký význam a rozsah ako právo zaručené EDĽP.

    Odsek 3 preberá všeobecnú zásadu primeranosti medzi trestami a trestnými činmi, ktoré sú obsiahnuté v spoločných ústavných tradíciách členských štátov a v judikatúre Súdneho dvora Európskych spoločenstiev.

    Source:
    Úradný vestník Európskej únie C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
    Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
    Ďalej uvedené vysvetlivky boli pôvodne pripravené pod vedením predsedníctva konventu, ktorý vypracoval návrh Charty základných práv Európskej únie. Boli aktualizované pod vedením predsedníctva Európskeho konventu so zreteľom na úpravy, ktoré urobil tento konvent k textu charty (najmä k článkom 51 a 52), a vývoj práva Únie. Hoci tieto vysvetlivky nie sú ako také právne záväzné, predstavujú cenný nástroj výkladu, ktorý je určený na objasnenie ustanovení charty.
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52 results found

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  • Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
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    Article 39 Only a law may designate which acts constitute a crime and what penalties, or other detriments to rights or property, may be imposed for committing them. Article 40 (1) Only a court may decide on guilt and on the punishment for criminal offences. (...) (6) The question whether an act is punishable or not shall be considered, and penalties shall be imposed, in accordance with the law in effect at the time the act was committed. A subsequent law shall be applied if it is more favorable for the offender.

  • Listina základních práv a svobod
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    Czechia

    Článek 39 Jen zákon stanoví, které jednání je trestným činem a jaký trest, jakož i jaké jiné újmy na právech nebo majetku, ze za jeho spáchání uložit. Článek 40 (1) Jen soud rozhoduje o vině a trestu za trestné činy. (...) (6) Trestnost činu se posuzuje a trest se ukládá podle zákona účinného v době, kdy byl čin spáchán. Pozdějšího zákona se použije, jestliže je to pro pachatele příznivější.

  • Human Rights Act 1998
    Štát:
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    See ECHR provisions of Article 7 which have been incorporated into UK law by the Human Rights Act 1998.. Schdule 1, Article 7 No punishment without law
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  • Instrument of Government
    Štát:
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    Chapter 2 - Fundamental rights and freedoms: Article 10 No one may be sentenced to a penalty or penal sanction for an act which was not subject to a penal sanction at the time it was committed. Nor may anyone be sentenced to a penal sanction which is more severe than that which was in force when the act was committed. The provisions
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  • Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia
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  • Constitution of the Slovak Republic
    Štát:
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  • Constituição da República Portuguesa
    Štát:
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    Artigo 29.º (Aplicação da lei criminal) 1. Ninguém pode ser sentenciado criminalmente senão em virtude de lei anterior que declare punível a acção ou a omissão, nem sofrer medida de segurança cujos pressupostos não estejam fixados em lei anterior. 2. O disposto no número anterior não impede a punição, nos limites da lei interna, por acção ou omissão que no momento da sua prática seja considerada criminosa segundo os princípios gerais de direito internacional comummente reconhecidos. 3. Não podem ser aplicadas penas ou medidas de segurança que não estejam expressamente cominadas em lei anterior. 4. Ninguém pode sofrer pena ou medida de segurança mais graves do que as previstas no momento da correspondente conduta ou da verificação dos respectivos pressupostos, aplicando-se retroactivamente as leis penais de conteúdo mais favorável ao arguido. 5. Ninguém pode ser julgado mais do que uma vez pela prática do mesmo crime. 6. Os cidadãos injustamente condenados têm direito, nas condições que a lei prescrever, à revisão da sentença e à indemnização pelos danos sofridos. Artigo 30.º (Limites das penas e das medidas de segurança) 1. Não pode haver penas nem medidas de segurança privativas ou restritivas da liberdade com carácter perpétuo ou de duração ilimitada ou indefinida. 2. Em caso de perigosidade baseada em grave anomalia psíquica, e na impossibilidade de terapêutica em meio aberto, poderão as medidas de segurança privativas ou restritivas da liberdade ser prorrogadas sucessivamente enquanto tal estado se mantiver, mas sempre mediante decisão judicial. 3. A responsabilidade penal é insusceptível de transmissão. 4. Nenhuma pena envolve como efeito necessário a perda de quaisquer direitos civis, profissionais ou políticos. 5. Os condenados a quem sejam aplicadas pena ou medida de segurança privativas da liberdade mantêm a titularidade dos direitos fundamentais, salvas as limitações inerentes ao sentido da condenação e às exigências próprias da respectiva execução.

  • Constituição da República Portuguesa
    Štát:
    Portugal

    Artigo 29.º (Aplicação da lei criminal) 1. Ninguém pode ser sentenciado criminalmente senão em virtude de lei anterior que declare punível a acção ou a omissão, nem sofrer medida de segurança cujos pressupostos não estejam fixados em lei anterior. 2. O disposto no número anterior não impede a punição, nos limites da lei interna, por acção ou omissão que no momento da sua prática seja considerada criminosa segundo os princípios gerais de direito internacional comummente reconhecidos. 3. Não podem ser aplicadas penas ou medidas de segurança que não estejam expressamente cominadas em lei anterior. 4. Ninguém pode sofrer pena ou medida de segurança mais graves do que as previstas no momento da correspondente conduta ou da verificação dos respectivos pressupostos, aplicando-se retroactivamente as leis penais de conteúdo mais favorável ao arguido. 5. Ninguém pode ser julgado mais do que uma vez pela prática do mesmo crime. 6. Os cidadãos injustamente condenados têm direito, nas condições que a lei prescrever, à revisão da sentença e à indemnização pelos danos sofridos. Artigo 30.º (Limites das penas e das medidas de segurança) 1. Não pode haver penas nem medidas de segurança privativas ou restritivas da liberdade com carácter perpétuo ou de duração ilimitada ou indefinida. 2. Em caso de perigosidade baseada em grave anomalia psíquica, e na impossibilidade de terapêutica em meio aberto, poderão as medidas de segurança privativas ou restritivas da liberdade ser prorrogadas sucessivamente enquanto tal estado se mantiver, mas sempre mediante decisão judicial. 3. A responsabilidade penal é insusceptível de transmissão. 4. Nenhuma pena envolve como efeito necessário a perda de quaisquer direitos civis, profissionais ou políticos. 5. Os condenados a quem sejam aplicadas pena ou medida de segurança privativas da liberdade mantêm a titularidade dos direitos fundamentais, salvas as limitações inerentes ao sentido da condenação e às exigências próprias da respectiva execução.

  • Constitution of the Portuguese Republic
    Štát:
    Portugal

    Article 29 (Application of criminal law) (1) No one may be sentenced under the criminal law unless the action or omission in question is punishable under a pre-existing law, nor may any person be the object of a security measure unless the prerequisites therefore are laid down by a pre-existing law. (2) The provisions of the previous paragraph do not preclude the punishment up to the limits laid down by internal Portuguese law of an action or omission which was deemed criminal under the general principles of international law that were commonly recognised at the moment of its commission. (3) No sentence or security measure may be applied unless it is expressly sanctioned by a pre-existing law. (4) No one may be the object of a sentence or security measure that is more severe than those provided for at the moment of the conduct in question, or at that at which the prerequisites for the application of such a measure were fulfilled, while criminal laws whose content is more favourable to the accused person shall be applied retroactively. (5) No one may be tried more than once for commission of the same crime. (6) Citizens who are unjustly convicted have the right to the review of their sentences and to compensation for the damages they have suffered, as laid down by law. Article 30 (Limits on sentences and security measures) (1) No sentence or security measure that deprives or restricts freedom may be perpetual in nature or have an unlimited or undefined duration. (2) In cases of danger based on a serious psychic abnormality in which therapy in an open environment is impossible, security measures that deprive or restrict freedom may be successively extended for as long as the psychic state in question is maintained, but always by judicial decision. (3) Criminal liability is not transferable. (4) No sentence shall automatically involve the loss of any civil, professional or political right. (5) Convicted persons who are the object of a sentence or security measure that deprives them of their freedom retain their fundamental rights, save for the limitations that are inherent to the purpose of their convictions and to the specific requirements imposed by the execution of the respective sentences.

  • Constitution of the Portuguese Republic
    Štát:
    Portugal

    Article 29 (Application of criminal law) (1) No one may be sentenced under the criminal law unless the action or omission in question is punishable under a pre-existing law, nor may any person be the object of a security measure unless the prerequisites therefore are laid down by a pre-existing law. (2) The provisions of the previous paragraph do not preclude the punishment up to the limits laid down by internal Portuguese law of an action or omission which was deemed criminal under the general principles of international law that were commonly recognised at the moment of its commission. (3) No sentence or security measure may be applied unless it is expressly sanctioned by a pre-existing law. (4) No one may be the object of a sentence or security measure that is more severe than those provided for at the moment of the conduct in question, or at that at which the prerequisites for the application of such a measure were fulfilled, while criminal laws whose content is more favourable to the accused person shall be applied retroactively. (5) No one may be tried more than once for commission of the same crime. (6) Citizens who are unjustly convicted have the right to the review of their sentences and to compensation for the damages they have suffered, as laid down by law. Article 30 (Limits on sentences and security measures) (1) No sentence or security measure that deprives or restricts freedom may be perpetual in nature or have an unlimited or undefined duration. (2) In cases of danger based on a serious psychic abnormality in which therapy in an open environment is impossible, security measures that deprive or restrict freedom may be successively extended for as long as the psychic state in question is maintained, but always by judicial decision. (3) Criminal liability is not transferable. (4) No sentence shall automatically involve the loss of any civil, professional or political right. (5) Convicted persons who are the object of a sentence or security measure that deprives them of their freedom retain their fundamental rights, save for the limitations that are inherent to the purpose of their convictions and to the specific requirements imposed by the execution of the respective sentences.

  • Constitution of the Republic of Poland
    Štát:
    Poland

    Article 421. Only a person who has committed an act prohibited by a statute in force at the moment of commission thereof, and which is subject to a penalty, shall be held criminally responsible. This principle shall not prevent punishment of any act which, at the moment of its commission, constituted an offence within the meaning of international law.

  • Constitution of the Republic of Poland
    Štát:
    Poland

    Article 42.1. Only a person who has committed an act prohibited by a statute in force at the moment of commission thereof, and which is subject to a penalty, shall be held criminally responsible. This principle shall not prevent punishment of any act which, at the moment of its commission, constituted an offence within the meaning of international law.

2 results found

  • Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detec...

    Article 57. Penalties:
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  • Directive 2014/42/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 on the freezing and confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of crime in the European Union

    Article 4 - Confiscation
    ‘1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to enable the confiscation, either in whole or in part, of instrumentalities and proceeds or property the value of which corresponds to such instrumentalities or proceeds, subject to a final conviction for a criminal offence, which may also result from proceedings in absentia.
    2. Where confiscation on the basis of paragraph 1 is not possible, at least where such impossibility is the result of illness or absconding of the suspected or accused person, Member States shall take the necessary measures to enable the confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds in cases where criminal proceedings have been initiated regarding a criminal offence which is liable to give rise, directly or indirectly, to economic benefit, and such proceedings could have led to a criminal conviction if the suspected or accused person had been able to stand trial.‘
    Article 5 - Extended confiscation
    ‘1. Member States shall adopt the necessary measures to enable the confiscation, either in whole or in part, of property belonging to a person convicted of a criminal offence which is liable to give rise, directly or indirectly, to economic benefit, where a court, on the basis of the circumstances of the case, including the specific facts and available evidence, such as that the value of the property is disproportionate to the lawful income of the convicted person, is satisfied that the property in question is derived from criminal conduct.‘

0 results found