This position paper examines how the EU can counter the instrumentalisation of migrants while also upholding fundamental rights. Instrumentalisation refers to countries outside the EU using migration to exert political pressure. This position paper defines the phenomenon, provides examples, and outlines legal obligations under EU law. It provides legal analysis and warns that some responses risk undermining fundamental rights at the EU’s external borders, including the right to asylum. To counter instrumentalisation and uphold fundamental rights, the position paper proposes practical measures for Member States to take, such as sanctions, border controls, and cooperation with private operators.

Агенцията на Европейския съюз в областта на убежището (EUAA) и Агенцията на Европейския съюз за основните права (FRA) обединиха усилия за разработването на поредица от практически инструменти за настойници на непридружени деца, нуждаещи се от международна закрила. Целта е да се подпомогнат настойниците в ежедневните им задачи и отговорности по време на процедурата за предоставяне на убежище, включително дъблинската процедура и предоставянето на временна закрила.

Agentura Evropské unie pro otázky azylu (EUAA) a Agentura Evropské unie pro základní práva
(FRA) spojily síly při vypracovávání řady praktických nástrojů pro opatrovníky dětí bez doprovodu, které potřebují mezinárodní ochranu. Cílem je podpořit opatrovníky v jejich každodenních úkolech a povinnostech během azylového řízení, včetně dublinského řízení a dočasné ochrany.

Ο Οργανισμός της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης για το Άσυλο (EUAA) και ο Οργανισμός Θεμελιωδών Δικαιωμάτων της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (FRA) ένωσαν τις δυνάμεις τους για την ανάπτυξη σειράς πρακτικών εργαλείων για τους επιτρόπους ασυνόδευτων παιδιών με ανάγκες διεθνούς προστασίας. Στόχος είναι να υποστηριχθούν οι επίτροποι στα καθημερινά τους καθήκοντα και ευθύνες κατά τη διάρκεια της διαδικασίας χορήγησης ασύλου, της διαδικασίας του Δουβλίνου και της προσωρινής προστασίας.

The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) and the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) joined forces to create this tool focusing on temporary protection for unaccompanied children fleeing Ukraine.

La Agencia de Asilo de la Unión Europea (EUAA) y la Agencia de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea (FRA) han sumado esfuerzos para elaborar una serie de herramientas prácticas destinadas a tutores de menores no acompañados con necesidades de protección internacional. El objetivo es ayudar a los tutores a desempeñar sus tareas y responsabilidades cotidianas durante el procedimiento de asilo, en particular el procedimiento de Dublín y la protección temporal.

L’Agence européenne pour l’asile (EUAA) et l’Agence des droits fondamentaux de l’Union européenne (FRA) ont uni leurs forces pour élaborer une série d’outils pratiques destinés aux tuteurs d’enfants non accompagnés ayant des besoins en matière de protection internationale. Le but est de soutenir les tuteurs dans leurs tâches et responsabilités quotidiennes durant la procédure d’asile, y compris durant le système de Dublin et la
protection temporaire.

Az Európai Unió Menekültügyi Ügynöksége (EUAA) és az Európai Unió Alapjogi Ügynöksége (FRA) egyesítette erőit, hogy kidolgozzon egy gyakorlati eszköztár sorozatot a, nemzetközi védelemre szoruló kísérő nélküli kiskorúak gyámjai számára. A cél a gyámok támogatása a menekültügyi eljárás – beleértve a dublini eljárást és az átmeneti védelmet is – során felmerülő mindennapi feladataikban és kötelezettségeikben.

L’Agenzia dell’Unione europea per l’asilo (EUAA) e l’Agenzia dell’Unione europea per i diritti fondamentali (FRA) hanno unito le loro forze nello sviluppo di una serie di strumenti pratici per i tutori di minori non accompagnati con esigenze di protezione internazionale. L’obiettivo è sostenere i tutori nei loro compiti e responsabilità quotidiani durante la procedura di asilo, compresa la procedura Dublino e la protezione temporanea.

Europos Sąjungos prieglobsčio agentūra (EUAA) ir Europos Sąjungos pagrindinių teisių agentūra (FRA) suvienijo jėgas ir parengė praktinių priemonių rinkinį, skirtą nelydimų vaikų, kuriems reikalinga tarptautinė apsauga, globėjams. Šiuo rinkiniu siekiama padėti globėjams atlikti kasdienes užduotis ir įsipareigojimus prieglobsčio procedūros metu, įskaitant Dublino procesus ir laikinąją apsaugą.

Eiropas Savienības Patvēruma aģentūra (EUAA) un Eiropas Savienības Pamattiesību aģentūra (FRA) ir apvienojušas spēkus, lai izstrādātu praktisko rīku sēriju aizbildņiem, kas atbild par bērniem bez pavadoņa ar starptautiskas aizsardzības vajadzībām. Mērķis ir sniegt atbalstu aizbildņiem viņu ikdienas pienākumos un pienākumos patvēruma procedūras laikā, tostarp Dublinas procedūras un pagaidu aizsardzības laikā.

Het Asielagentschap van de Europese Unie (EUAA) en het Bureau van de Europese Unie voor de grondrechten (FRA) hebben samengewerkt aan een reeks van praktische instrumenten voor voogden van niet-begeleide kinderen die internationale bescherming nodig hebben. Het doel is voogden te ondersteunen bij hun dagelijkse taken en verantwoordelijkheden tijdens de asielprocedure, waaronder de Dublinprocedure en de tijdelijke bescherming.

Agencja Unii Europejskiej ds. Azylu (EUAA) i Agencja Praw Podstawowych Unii Europejskiej (FRA) wspólnie opracowały szereg przewodników praktycznych dla opiekunów małoletnich bez opieki, którzy wymagają ochrony międzynarodowej. Celem jest zapewnienie wsparcia opiekunom w ich codziennych zadaniach i obowiązkach podczas procedury azylowej, w tym dotyczących systemu dublińskiego i tymczasowej ochrony.

Agenția Uniunii Europene pentru Azil (EUAA) și Agenția pentru Drepturi Fundamentale a Uniunii Europene (FRA) și-au unit forțele pentru a crea o serie de instrumente practice pentru tutorii minorilor neînsoțiți care au nevoie de protecție internațională. Obiectivul este de a-i sprijini pe tutori în sarcinile și responsabilitățile lor zilnice în timpul procedurii de azil, inclusiv în ceea ce privește procedura Dublin și protecția temporară.

Agentúra Európskej únie pre azyl (EUAA) a Agentúra Európskej únie pre základné práva (FRA) spojili sily pri vypracovaní súboru praktických pomôcok pre opatrovníkov maloletých osôb bez sprievodu, ktoré potrebujú medzinárodnú ochranu. Cieľom je podporiť opatrovníkov v ich každodenných úlohách a povinnostiach počas konania o azyle, a to aj počas dublinského konania a trvania dočasnej ochrany.

Since 2014, FRA has been publishing an annual update of the forced return monitoring systems EU Member States have set up under Article 8 (6) of the EU’s Return Directive (2008/115/EC). This overview describes different indicators for an effective forced return monitoring system. It includes the organisation responsible for monitoring forced return, the number of operations monitored in 2021, the phases of monitored return operations, the number of staff trained and working as monitors, and whether the monitoring body issued public reports about their monitoring.

Since 2014, FRA has been publishing an annual update of the forced return monitoring systems EU Member States have set up under Article 8 (6) of the EU’s Return Directive. This overview describes different indicators for an effective forced return monitoring system. It includes the organisation responsible for monitoring forced return, the number of operations monitored in 2020, the phases of monitored return operations, the number of staff trained and working as monitors, and whether the monitoring body issued public reports about their monitoring.

This report outlines to what extent legal aid is available to those held in pre-removal detention in the 27 EU Member States, and in North Macedonia and Serbia, during procedures related to their return. These involve decisions on return, on detention pending removal, the removal itself and on bans on entry. The report also examines when people are entitled to free legal aid and how this aid is funded, as well as who provides representation and various factors that limit the scope of legal aid.

Up to one third of migrants arriving in the European Union since the summer of 2015 have been children. The current emphasis on speedier asylum processing and making returns more effective may trigger increased use of immigration detention, possibly also affecting children. The detention of children implicates various fundamental rights and will only be in line with EU law if limited to exceptional cases. This report aims to support practitioners in implementing relevant polices in line with applicable law by outlining available safeguards against unlawful and arbitrary detention and highlighting promising practices.

Der Schutz der Grundrechte von Migrantinnen und Migranten in einer irregulären Situation – also
Personen, die die Einreise-, Aufenthalts- oder Niederlassungsbedingungen in der Europäischen Union (EU) nicht erfüllen, – stellt auch weiterhin eine Herausforderung für die EU und ihre Mitgliedstaaten dar.