Asylum

Turvapaikka, maahanmuutto ja rajat

<p>The migrant crisis has triggered challenges across Europe. FRA encourages rights-compliant responses.</p>
<p>We provide practical expertise on this complex issue. This includes regular updates, focus papers and toolkits. We outline policy alternatives and best practices.</p>

EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

Highlights

  • Handbook / Guide / Manual
    1
    August
    2024

    ​Six points for workplace inspectors – EU law safeguards for non-EU workers ​

    Migrant workers are particularly at risk of labour exploitation. Workplace inspectors play a role in protecting non-EU workers' rights. This report guides inspectors to identify abuse and protect migrant workers. In autumn 2024, FRA will publish a manual with extensive resources to support workplace inspectors.
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  • Report / Paper / Summary
    30
    July
    2024

    Guidance on investigating alleged ill-treatment at borders

    Fundamental rights violations on the EU’s land and sea borders often go unreported. Investigations into these violations need to be more effective. This report gathers examples of alleged rights violations of migrants and refugees between 2020 and 2023. It sets out 10 steps to promote prompt and effective national investigations into incidents of ill-treatment at borders.
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  • Periodic updates / Series
    1
    July
    2024

    Search and rescue operations and fundamental rights - June 2024 update

    The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights regularly collects data on the operations of NGO vessels involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean. This includes any legal proceedings against them, as well as any difficulties in disembarking migrants in safe ports. This paper provides an overview of criminal investigations and other legal proceedings initiated by European Union (EU) Member States against civil society organisations deploying search and rescue vessels and aircraft in the Mediterranean and/or against individual crew members. The latest update covers the period from 2018 up until the end of May 2024.
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  • Handbook / Guide / Manual
    17
    December
    2020

    Handbook on European law relating to asylum, borders and immigration - Edition 2020

    The European Convention on Human Rights and European Union law provide an increasingly important framework for the protection of the rights of foreigners. European Union legislation relating to asylum, borders and immigration is developing fast. There is an impressive body of case law by the European Court of Human Rights relating in particular to Articles 3, 5, 8 and 13 of the ECHR. The Court of Justice of the European Union is increasingly asked to pronounce on the interpretation of European Union law provisions in this field. The third edition of this handbook, updated up to July 2020, presents this European Union legislation and the body of case law by the two European courts in an accessible way.
Tuotteet
Video
Asylum, migration and borders
Legal migration and integration
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Racial and ethnic origin

Being black in the EU often means racism and poor jobs

Black people in the EU face unacceptable difficulties in getting a decent job because of their skin colour. Racist harassment also remains all too common.
Periodic updates / Series
Asylum, migration and borders
26
November
2018

Periodic data collection on the migration situation in the EU - November 2018 Highlights

The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights has been collecting relevant data since September 2015, in light of the increasing numbers of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants entering the EU. This report focuses on the fundamental rights situation of people arriving in Member States particularly affected by large migration movements. The countries covered are: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and Sweden.
Report / Paper / Summary
Asylum, migration and borders
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
Support for human rights systems and defenders
26
October
2018

Fundamental Rights Forum 2018 - Chair's Statement

The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights’ 2018 Fundamental Rights Forum
brought together more than 700 human rights champions at a time of
widening social divisions and increasingly polarised politics across
Europe.
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
Support for human rights systems and defenders
Civil society
1
October
2018

Fundamental rights considerations: NGO ships involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean and criminal investigations - 2018

This note draws attention to the recent trend of criminalising search and rescue operations (SAR) in the Mediterranean Sea carried out by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) or other private entities. This includes seizing rescue vessels, as well as arrests for crew members, in some EU Member States. Most of such incidents concerned NGOs operating in the Central Mediterranean Sea.
Periodic updates / Series
Asylum, migration and borders
21
September
2018

Periodic data collection on the migration situation in the EU - September 2018 Highlights

The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights has been collecting relevant data since September 2015, in light of the increasing numbers of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants entering the EU. This report focuses on the fundamental rights situation of people arriving in Member States particularly affected by large migration movements. The countries covered are: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and Sweden.
Opinion
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
Borders and information systems
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
14
September
2018

Fundamental rights implications of storing biometric data in identity documents and residence cards

This Opinion by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) aims to inform the European Parliament’s position concerning the legislative proposal for a Regulation on strengthening the security of identity cards of European Union (EU) citizens and of residence documents issued to EU citizens and their family members exercising their right of free movement. It focuses on the processing of biometric data and complements the opinion published by the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS).
Opinion
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
Borders and information systems
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
10
September
2018

The revised Visa Information System and its fundamental rights implications

This Opinion aims to
inform the European Parliament’s position on the legislative proposal amending the
Visa Information System, the Visa Code and other related provisions of EU law. The
European Commission presented the proposal on 16 May 2018 and EU legislators are
currently discussing it.
Report / Paper / Summary
Business and human rights
Asylum, migration and borders
Trafficking and labour exploitation
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
Victims’ rights
5
September
2018

Protecting migrant workers from exploitation in the EU: boosting workplace inspections

Severe labour exploitation is widespread across the European Union. While workplace inspections can help counter this phenomenon, they need to be strengthened to do so effectively. Based on interviews and focus group discussions with almost 240 exploited workers active in diverse economic sectors, this report provides important evidence on how unscrupulous employers manipulate and undermine inspections, and on what can be done to counteract such efforts.
In brief / Factsheet
Trafficking and labour exploitation
Asylum, migration and borders
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
Business and human rights
6
September
2018

In Brief - Protecting workers from exploitation: boosting inspections

Workers are being severely exploited for their labour across the EU, and
inspections are not effective at stopping this reality. Based on interviews with
almost 240 workers – including non-EU citizens who came to the EU and
EU nationals who moved to another EU country to work – a new FRA report
outlines the problem and identifies ways to bolster inspections.
Periodic updates / Series
Asylum, migration and borders
23
July
2018

Periodic data collection on the migration situation in the EU - July 2018 Highlights

The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights has been collecting relevant data since September 2015, in light of the increasing numbers of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants entering the EU. This report focuses on the fundamental rights situation of people arriving in Member States particularly affected by large migration movements. The countries covered are: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and Sweden.
Report / Paper / Summary
Irregular migration, return and immigration detention
Asylum, migration and borders
21
June
2018

Forced return monitoring systems - 2018 update

The EU Return Directive (2008/115/EC) in Article 8 (6) introduced an important fundamental rights safeguard for third-country nationals ordered to leave the EU because they do not or no longer fulfil the conditions for entry and/or stay. According to the Directive, Member States must provide for an effective forced-return monitoring system.
Report / Paper / Summary
Trafficking and labour exploitation
Asylum, migration and borders
Sex, sexual orientation and gender
15
June
2018

Out of sight: migrant women exploited in domestic work

The stories of the domestic workers FRA interviewed for this paper reveal appalling working conditions and fundamental rights abuses in private homes across the EU. These stories indicate that, seven years on from FRA’s first report on domestic workers in 2011, little has changed in terms of the risks and experiences of severe labour exploitation domestic workers in the EU face.
Fundamental Rights Report
Asylum, migration and borders
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Children, youth and older people
People with disabilities
Hate crime
Roma
Sex, sexual orientation and gender
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
6
June
2018

Fundamental Rights Report 2018

The year 2017 brought both progress and setbacks in terms of rights protection. The European Pillar of Social Rights marked an important move towards a more ‘social Europe’. But, as experiences with the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights underscore, agreement on a text is merely a first step. Even in its eighth year as the EU's binding bill of rights, the Charter's potential was not fully exploited, highlighting the need to more actively promote its use.
Fundamental Rights Report
Yhdenvertaisuus, syrjimättömyys ja rasismi
Turvapaikka, maahanmuutto ja rajat
Tietosuoja, yksityisyydensuoja ja uudet teknologiat
Oikeus, uhrien oikeudet ja oikeudellinen yhteistyö
Tuki ihmisoikeusjärjestelmille ja ihmisoikeuksien puolustajille
6
June
2018

Perusoikeusraportti 2018 - FRA:n lausunnot

Vuonna 2017 perusoikeuksien suojelussa tapahtui sekä edistystä että vastoinkäymisiä. Euroopan unionin perusoikeusviraston (FRA) vuoden 2018 perusoikeusraportissa tarkastellaan perusoikeuksien tilanteen kehitystä pääpiirteissään ja tuodaan esiin sekä saavutuksia että jäljellä olevia huolenaiheita.
Periodic updates / Series
Asylum, migration and borders
28
May
2018

Periodic data collection on the migration situation in the EU - May 2018 Highlights

In view of the increasing numbers of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants entering the EU, the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights has been collecting relevant data since September 2015. This report focuses on the fundamental rights situation of people arriving in Member States particularly affected by large migration movements. This report addresses fundamental rights concerns between 1 March-30 April 2018.
Report / Paper / Summary
Turvapaikka, maahanmuutto ja rajat
Tietosuoja, yksityisyydensuoja ja uudet teknologiat
Yhdenvertaisuus, syrjimättömyys ja rasismi
Lapset, nuoret ja ikääntyneet
Vammaiset henkilöt
Viharikos
Romanit
Sukupuoli, seksuaalinen suuntautuminen ja sukupuoli-identiteetti
Oikeus, uhrien oikeudet ja oikeudellinen yhteistyö
17
May
2018

Ihmisoikeuksien parissa työskentelevien kansalaisjärjestöjen haasteet EU:ssa - Tiivistelmä

Euroopan unionin kansalaisjärjestöillä on olennaisen tärkeä tehtävä perusoikeuksien edistämisessä, mutta niiden tehtävä on vaikeutunut – sekä oikeudellisten että käytännön rajoitusten vuoksi. Kaikissa EU:n jäsenvaltioissa on haasteita, mutta niiden luonteessa ja laajuudessa on maakohtaisia eroja. Tästä aiheesta ei yleisesti ole tietoa eikä tutkimusta – ei myöskään vertailevaa tutkimusta.
Siksi perusoikeusviraston raportissa tarkastellaan niiden haasteiden eri tyyppejä ja malleja, joita ihmisoikeuksien parissa työskentelevät kansalaisjärjestöt kohtaavat EU:ssa. Siinä esitellään myös lupaavia käytäntöjä, joilla näitä huolestuttavia malleja voidaan torjua.
Report / Paper / Summary
Asylum, migration and borders
Child protection
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Children, youth and older people
25
April
2018

Age assessment and fingerprinting of children in asylum procedures – Minimum age requirements concerning children’s rights in the EU

The methods used to determine the age of
an applicant may include “invasive” medical tests which interfere with the rights of the child, including their right to dignity,
integrity and privacy. It is often a challenge to find the right balance between protecting children from harm and promoting
their participation in these procedures. This report provides important insights and identifies the implications of collecting
children’s biometric data and conducting age assessments.
Opinion
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
Borders and information systems
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
19
April
2018

Interoperability and fundamental rights implications

This Opinion by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) aims to inform the European Parliament position concerning legislative proposals on interoperability between EU information technology systems (IT systems) presented on 12 December 2017 and currently discussed by the EU legislators.
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Borders and information systems
Security
28
March
2018

Under watchful eyes – biometrics, EU IT-systems and fundamental rights

This report outlines the fundamental rights implications of collecting, storing and using
biometric and other data in EU IT systems in the area of asylum and migration.
Periodic updates / Series
Asylum, migration and borders
26
March
2018

Periodic data collection on the migration situation in the EU - March 2018 Highlights

In view of the increasing numbers of refugees, asylum seekers and migrants entering the EU, the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights has been collecting relevant data since September 2015. These focus on the fundamental rights situation of people arriving in Member States particularly affected by large migration movements. The countries covered are: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and Sweden.