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Work on rights
Retfærdighed, ofres rettigheder og retligt samarbejde
Ofrenes rettigheder
Forsvarets rettigheder
Civilret
Retligt samarbejde og retssamfund
Sikkerhed
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Civilsamfundet
EU's charter om grundlæggende rettigheder
Hvad er grundlæggende rettigheder?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Præambel
Afsnit I: Værdighed
1 - Den menneskelige værdighed
2 - Ret til livet
3 - Ret til respekt for menneskets integritet
4 - Forbud mod tortur og umenneskelig eller nedværdigende behandling eller straf
5 - Forbud mod slaveri og tvangsarbejde
Afsnit II: Friheder
6 - Ret til frihed og sikkerhed
7 - Respekt for privatliv og familieliv
8 - Beskyttelse af personoplysninger
9 - Ret til at indgå ægteskab og ret til at stifte familie
10 - Ret til at tænke frit og til samvittigheds
11 - Ytrings
12 - Forsamlings
13 - Frihed for kunst og videnskab
14 - Ret til uddannelse
15 - Erhvervsfrihed og ret til at arbejde
16 - Frihed til at oprette og drive egen virksomhed
17 - Ejendomsret
18 - Asylret
19 - Beskyttelse i tilfælde af udsendelse, udvisning og udlevering
Afsnit III: Ligestilling
20 - Lighed for loven
21 - Ikke-forskelsbehandling
22 - Kulturel, religiøs og sproglig mangfoldighed
23 - Ligestilling mellem kvinder og mænd
24 - Børns rettigheder
25 - Ældres rettigheder
26 - Integration af mennesker med handicap
Afsnit IV: Solidaritet
27 - Ret til information og høring af arbejdstagerne i virksomheden
28 - Forhandlingsret og ret til kollektive skridt
29 - Ret til arbejdsformidling
30 - Beskyttelse i tilfælde af ubegrundet opsigelse
31 - Retfærdige og rimelige arbejdsforhold
32 - Forbud mod børnearbejde og beskyttelse af unge på arbejdspladsen
33 - Familieliv og arbejdsliv
34 - Social sikring og social bistand
35 - Sundhedsbeskyttelse
36 - Adgang til tjenesteydelser af almen økonomisk interesse
37 - Miljøbeskyttelse
38 - Forbrugerbeskyttelse
Afsnit V: Borgerrettigheder
39 - Stemmeret og valgbarhed til Europa-Parlamentet
40 - Stemmeret og valgbarhed til kommunale valg
41 - Ret til god forvaltning
42 - Ret til aktindsigt
43 - Den Europæiske Ombudsmand
44 - Ret til at indgive andragender
45 - Fri bevægelighed og opholdsret
46 - Diplomatisk og konsulær beskyttelse
Afsnit VI: Retfærdighed i retssystemet
47 - Adgang til effektive retsmidler og til en upartisk domstol
48 - Uskyldsformodning og ret til et forsvar
49 - Legalitetsprincippet og princippet om proportionalitet mellem lovovertrædelse og straf
50 - Ret til ikke at blive retsforfulgt eller straffet to gange for samme lovovertrædelse
Afsnit VII: Almindelige bestemmelser
51 - Anvendelsesområde
52 - Rækkevidde og fortolkning af rettigheder og principper
53 - Beskyttelsesniveau
54 - Forbud mod misbrug af rettigheder
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Work on rights
Work on rights
Retfærdighed, ofres rettigheder og retligt samarbejde
Ofrenes rettigheder
Forsvarets rettigheder
Civilret
Retligt samarbejde og retssamfund
Sikkerhed
Erhvervslivet og menneskerettigheder
Ligestilling, ikkeforskelsbehandling og racisme
Børn, unge og ældre
Mennesker med handicap
Hadforbrydelser
Racemæssig eller etnisk baggrund
Religion og tro
Roma
Sex, seksuel orientering og kønsidentitet
Asyl, migration og grænser
Adgang til asyl
Grænser og informationssystemer
Beskyttelse af børn
Irregulær migration, tilbagesendelse og tilbageholdelse i forbindelse med immigration
Regulær migration og integration
Ulovlig handel og udnyttelse af arbejdskraften
Databeskyttelse, privatlivets fred og ny teknologi
Kunstig intelligens og big data
Grænser og informationssystemer
Databeskyttelse
Ulovlig profilering
Støtte til menneskerettighedssystemer og -forkæmpere
EU's charter om grundlæggende rettigheder
Mellemstatslige menneskerettighedssystemer
Nationale menneskerettighedssystemer og -organer
Civilsamfundet
EU's charter om grundlæggende rettigheder
EU's charter om grundlæggende rettigheder
Hvad er grundlæggende rettigheder?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Præambel
Afsnit I: Værdighed
1 -
Den menneskelige værdighed
2 -
Ret til livet
3 -
Ret til respekt for menneskets integritet
4 -
Forbud mod tortur og umenneskelig eller nedværdigende behandling eller straf
5 -
Forbud mod slaveri og tvangsarbejde
Afsnit II: Friheder
6 -
Ret til frihed og sikkerhed
7 -
Respekt for privatliv og familieliv
8 -
Beskyttelse af personoplysninger
9 -
Ret til at indgå ægteskab og ret til at stifte familie
10 -
Ret til at tænke frit og til samvittigheds
11 -
Ytrings
12 -
Forsamlings
13 -
Frihed for kunst og videnskab
14 -
Ret til uddannelse
15 -
Erhvervsfrihed og ret til at arbejde
16 -
Frihed til at oprette og drive egen virksomhed
17 -
Ejendomsret
18 -
Asylret
19 -
Beskyttelse i tilfælde af udsendelse, udvisning og udlevering
Afsnit III: Ligestilling
20 -
Lighed for loven
21 -
Ikke-forskelsbehandling
22 -
Kulturel, religiøs og sproglig mangfoldighed
23 -
Ligestilling mellem kvinder og mænd
24 -
Børns rettigheder
25 -
Ældres rettigheder
26 -
Integration af mennesker med handicap
Afsnit IV: Solidaritet
27 -
Ret til information og høring af arbejdstagerne i virksomheden
28 -
Forhandlingsret og ret til kollektive skridt
29 -
Ret til arbejdsformidling
30 -
Beskyttelse i tilfælde af ubegrundet opsigelse
31 -
Retfærdige og rimelige arbejdsforhold
32 -
Forbud mod børnearbejde og beskyttelse af unge på arbejdspladsen
33 -
Familieliv og arbejdsliv
34 -
Social sikring og social bistand
35 -
Sundhedsbeskyttelse
36 -
Adgang til tjenesteydelser af almen økonomisk interesse
37 -
Miljøbeskyttelse
38 -
Forbrugerbeskyttelse
Afsnit V: Borgerrettigheder
39 -
Stemmeret og valgbarhed til Europa-Parlamentet
40 -
Stemmeret og valgbarhed til kommunale valg
41 -
Ret til god forvaltning
42 -
Ret til aktindsigt
43 -
Den Europæiske Ombudsmand
44 -
Ret til at indgive andragender
45 -
Fri bevægelighed og opholdsret
46 -
Diplomatisk og konsulær beskyttelse
Afsnit VI: Retfærdighed i retssystemet
47 -
Adgang til effektive retsmidler og til en upartisk domstol
48 -
Uskyldsformodning og ret til et forsvar
49 -
Legalitetsprincippet og princippet om proportionalitet mellem lovovertrædelse og straf
50 -
Ret til ikke at blive retsforfulgt eller straffet to gange for samme lovovertrædelse
Afsnit VII: Almindelige bestemmelser
51 -
Anvendelsesområde
52 -
Rækkevidde og fortolkning af rettigheder og principper
53 -
Beskyttelsesniveau
54 -
Forbud mod misbrug af rettigheder
Tools
Tools
EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS
Criminal detention database
Anti-Muslim hatred database
Case-law database
Charterpedia
FRA e-learning platform
Data visualisation
Equality data collection: promising practices
Fighting hate crime: promising practices
Produkter
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Work On Rights
Asylum, migration and borders
Legal migration and integration
Fleeing Ukraine: Implementing temporary protection at local levels
12
December
2023
Fleeing Ukraine: Implementing temporary protection at local levels
Legal migration and integration
Asylum, migration and borders
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine forced millions of people to flee. Arriving in EU countries, they received protection in EU law under the Temporary Protection Directive. Many have begun to build a new life in their host country and enrich our societies in new ways. Local authorities took the lead in ensuring access to fundamental rights under temporary protection. This report explores the measures to ensure access to housing, education, employment and healthcare in 26 cities and regional authorities across 12 EU Member States. Despite unprecedented coordination and cooperation to overcome challenges, many uncertainties remain. Longer-term solutions will be needed after the directive expires in March 2025. Based on the information collected, the report identifies 12 priority actions and builds on FRA’s bulletins and survey findings on experiences of people displaced from Ukraine.
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Foreword
Key findings
Housing
Education
Employment
Healthcare
Priority actions
Cross-cutting issues
Access to housing
Access to education
Access to employment
Access to healthcare
Introduction
EU legal and policy framework
Methodology and selected locations
1. Housing
1.1 Measures facilitating access to housing
1.1.1 Coordination between authorities and with NGOs
1.1.2 Supporting safe access to private accommodation
1.1.3 Provision of information
1.1.4 Scaling up municipal/public capacities
1.2 Challenges to providing access to housing
1.2.1 Planning uncertainty and overload
1.2.2 Processing private accommodation offers
1.2.3 Responding to relocation needs
1.2.4 People with special needs
1.2.5 Durable housing solutions
1.2.6 Funding
2. Education
2.1 Measures facilitating access to education
2.1.1 Raising awareness of school registration
2.1.2 Preparatory classes
2.1.3 Recognition of Ukrainian curricula and certificates
2.1.4 Recruiting educational staff from Ukraine
2.1.5 Social support to displaced children and families
2.2 Challenges to ensuring access to education
2.2.1 Obstacles to school registration
2.2.2 Lack of school places
2.2.3 Additional and parallel classes
2.2.4 Psychological support to traumatised children fleeing the war
2.2.5 Support for children with disabilities and special needs
3. Employment
3.1 Rate of employment
3.2 Sectors of employment
3.3 Measures facilitating access to the labour market
3.3.1 Providing information
3.3.3 Support in finding employment
3.3.2 Language classes
3.3.4 Facilitating access to the labour market for healthcare professionals
3.4 Challenges for successful integration into the labour market
3.4.1 Limited registration with public employment services
3.4.2 Burdensome and time-consuming recognition of qualifications
3.4.3 Burdensome administrative procedures
3.4.4 Limited childcare places
3.4.5 Opening bank accounts
3.4.6 Other barriers
4. Healthcare
4.1 Measures facilitating access to healthcare
4.1.1 Registration with insurance schemes
4.1.2 Integrating healthcare staff from Ukraine
4.1.3 Provision of information
4.2 Challenges to ensuring access to healthcare
4.2.1 Capacity constraints and administrative burden
4.2.2 Gaps in healthcare rights or insurance coverage
4.2.3 Psychological care/mental healthcare
4.2.4 Interpretation
4.2.5 Responding to people with special needs
Conclusions
Annex 1 – Methodology
Annex 2 – Stakeholders consulted
Austria
Styria
Vienna
Belgium
Bruges
Brussels
Czechia
Prague
Trutnov
Estonia
National level
Saaremaa
Tallinn
France
National level
Alpes-Maritimes
Île-de-France
Germany
Berlin
Stuttgart
Uckermark
Ireland
National level
Dublin
Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown (Dublin)
Kerry
Italy
Naples
Rome
Poland
Katowice
Lublin
Warsaw
Romania
Bucharest
Constanța
Slovakia
National level
Bratislava
Nitra
Sweden
Gothenburg and Malmö
Gothenburg
Malmö
Annex 3 – Respondents to online consultation
Annex 4 – National legal scope determining access to employment
Austria
Belgium
Czechia
Estonia
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Poland
Romania
Slovakia
Sweden
Acronyms and abbreviations
Acronyms and abbreviations
EU
- European Union
EUAA
- European Union Agency for Asylum
FRA
- European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
the Charter
- Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union
TPD
- Temporary Protection Directive
UN
- United Nations
UNICEF
– United Nations Children’s Fund
Annex 4 – National legal scope determining access to employment
Related
Periodic updates / Series
Child protection
Asylum, migration and borders
Access to asylum
Trafficking and labour exploitation
29
September
2023
The Russian aggression against Ukraine – Displaced children finding protection in the EU - Bulletin 3
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine posed new challenges for the EU. Millions were forced to flee the war. As a result of the scale of people’s displacement, the EU activated for the first time the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD). More than 1.3 million children sought international protection in the EU. This bulletin explores the respect, protection and fulfilment of the fundamental rights of displaced children and ways to safeguard their rights. The third in a series, this bulletin builds on the evidence in FRA’s Bulletin #1 and #2 on the experiences of displaced people seeking safety in the EU.
Read press release
Read all Ukraine bulletins
Report / Paper / Summary
Legal migration and integration
Asylum, migration and borders
14
June
2023
Barriers to employment of displaced Ukrainians
In responding to Russia’s war against Ukraine, the EU activated its Temporary Protection Directive (TPD) for people who fled the country, allowing them to settle in the EU and to access basic public services and the labour market. By spring 2023, more than 4.5 million people had made use of the TPD or similar national protection schemes in the EU. In 2022, the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights conducted an online survey among people displaced from Ukraine. Eurofound has analysed the survey results on their experiences when seeking to access employment. This paper highlights the main barriers that displaced people encountered and suggests ways to facilitate their inclusion.
Download findings of survey on displaced people from Ukraine
Download Ukraine bulletins
Read news item
Dzmitry © adobestock.com, 2023
Periodic updates / Series
Access to asylum
Asylum, migration and borders
30
May
2023
Asylum and migration: Progress achieved and remaining challenges
Over the span of nearly eight years, there have been developments in showing respect for the human rights of those who arrive at the EU’s borders. Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has shown how a large and sudden influx of people can be managed effectively and respectfully. Notwithstanding the improvements, the growing number of people crossing or attempting to enter the EU pose a wide range of fundamental rights challenges.
In this bulletin, FRA takes stock of concerns and improvements regarding the fundamental rights of migrants, asylum seekers and refugees. It highlights the EU Member States’ legal and practical responses. It identifies key trends, promising practices, long-standing and emerging patterns, and persistent concerns.
Access all migration updates
Read news item
Rick © adobestock.com, 2023
Report / Paper / Summary
Asylum, migration and borders
Access to asylum
Child protection
Legal migration and integration
Trafficking and labour exploitation
28
February
2023
Fleeing Ukraine: Displaced people’s experiences in the EU
Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine triggered scenes not seen in Europe for decades. It has since caused death, immense destruction, and unspeakable suffering. It also set in motion a mass movement of people not seen since World War II. To protect them, the EU activated the Temporary Protection Directive for the first time. In doing so, all EU Member States must offer protection to those displaced from Ukraine.
Download report on employment barriers
Download bulletins on the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Read press release
юлия чубарова © adobestock.com, 2023
Report / Paper / Summary
Asylum, migration and borders
Legal migration and integration
Support for human rights systems and defenders
2
February
2023
How did cities welcome displaced people from Ukraine?
Many cities throughout the European Union hosted people fleeing Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. The EU currently faces the largest displacement of people in Europe since World War II. Since February 2022, over seven million people came to the EU. The arrival of such large numbers of people thrust cities and local governments to the forefront of the EU and its Member States’ relief work. This short publication provides a snapshot of cities’ initiatives to address this humanitarian crisis.
Read news item
Periodic updates / Series
Child protection
Asylum, migration and borders
Irregular migration, return and immigration detention
24
November
2022
Practical Tool for Guardians - Temporary protection for unaccompanied children fleeing Ukraine
The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) and the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) joined forces to create this tool focusing on temporary protection for unaccompanied children fleeing Ukraine.
© European Union, 2022
Periodic updates / Series
Asylum, migration and borders
Access to asylum
Child protection
Trafficking and labour exploitation
21
October
2022
The Russian war of aggression against Ukraine ― The broad fundamental rights impact in the EU - Bulletin 2
The Russian invasion of Ukraine triggered solidarity from EU governments, local authorities and society as they welcomed more than 7 million people fleeing the aggression. The European Union’s rapid response, activating the EU Temporary Protection Directive, offered welcome relief and much-needed support to those in need. It allowed displaced persons the opportunity to quickly settle and to work, travel and access services across the EU. But other pressing human rights issues have come to the fore and remain high on the EU’s agenda, such as human trafficking, sexual and gender-based violence, hate crime and hate-fuelled disinformation.
Download bulletin 1
Download findings of survey on displaced people from Ukraine
Read news item
Periodic updates / Series
Asylum, migration and borders
Access to asylum
Borders and information systems
Child protection
Legal migration and integration
19
May
2022
The war in Ukraine - Fundamental rights implications within the EU - Bulletin 1
This bulletin looks at the fundamental rights situation of all persons fleeing the Russian war in Ukraine to the four EU Member States neighbouring Ukraine. This is primarily in terms of the application of the EU Temporary Protection Directive. It is based on findings of FRA’s field mission to Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia at the beginning of March 2022. It is also based on weekly country reports prepared by Franet, the contracted research network of FRA between 1 March and 27 April 2022.
Download findings of survey on displaced people from Ukraine
Download bulletin 2
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
Legal migration and integration
Asylum, migration and borders
Access to asylum
Child protection
Children, youth and older people
19
November
2019
Integration of young refugees in the EU: good practices and challenges
Over 2.5 million people applied for international protection in the 28 EU Member States in 2015 and 2016. Many of those who were granted some form of protection are young people, who are likely to stay and settle in the EU. The EU Agency for Fundamental Rights interviewed some of them, as well as professionals working with them in 15 locations across six EU Member States: Austria, France, Germany, Greece, Italy and Sweden. This report presents the result of FRA’s fieldwork research, focusing on young people between the
ages of 16 and 24.
Report / Paper / Summary
Irregular migration, return and immigration detention
Asylum, migration and borders
21
November
2011
Fundamental rights of migrants in an irregular situation in the European Union
This report, based on comparative research on the fundamental rights situation of irregular migrants in Europe, advises on how fundamental rights should be incorporated in policies, laws and administrative practices affecting migrants in irregular situations.