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Work on rights
Spravodlivosť, práva obetí a justičná spolupráca
Práva obetí
Práva obžalovaných
Občianskoprávne súdnictvo
Justičná spolupráca a právny štát
Bezpečnosť
Podnikanie a ľudské práva
Rovnosť, nediskriminácia a rasizmus
Deti, mládež a starší ľudia
Ľudia so zdravotným postihnutím
Trestné činy z nenávisti
Rasový a etnický pôvod
Náboženstvo a viera
Rómovia
Pohlavie, sexuálna orientácia a rodová identita
Azyl, migrácia a hranice
Prístup k azylu
Hranice a informačné systémy
Ochrana dieťaťa
Neregulárna migrácia, návrat a zaistenie prisťahovalcov
Legálna migrácia a integrácia
Obchodovanie s ľuďmi a pracovné vykorisťovanie
Ochrana údajov, súkromie a nové technológie
Umelá inteligencia a veľké dáta
Hranice a informačné systémy
Ochrana osobných údajov
Nezákonné profilovanie
Podpora systémov a obhajcov ľudských práv
Charta základných práv EÚ
Medzivládne systémy pre ľudské práva
Národné systémy a orgány pre ľudské práva
Občianska spoločnosť
Charta základných práv Európskej únie
Čo sú ľudské práva?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Preambula
Hlava I: Dôstojnosť
1 - Ľudská dôstojnosť
2 - Právo na život
3 - Právo na nedotknuteľnosť osoby
4 - Zákaz mučenia a neľudského alebo ponižujúceho zaobchádzania alebo trestu
5 - Zákaz otroctva a nútených prác
Hlava II: Slobody
6 - Právo na slobodu a bezpečnosť
7 - Rešpektovanie súkromného a rodinného života
8 - Ochrana osobných údajov
9 - Právo uzavrieť manželstvo a právo založiť rodinu
10 - Sloboda myslenia, svedomia a náboženského vyznania
11 - Sloboda prejavu a právo na informácie
12 - Sloboda zhromažďovania a združovania
13 - Sloboda umenia a vedeckého bádania
14 - Právo na vzdelanie
15 - Slobodná voľba povolania a právo na prácu
16 - Sloboda podnikania
17 - Vlastnícke právo
18 - Právo na azyl
19 - Ochrana v prípade vysťahovania, vyhostenia alebo extradície
Hlava III: Rovnosť
20 - Rovnosť pred zákonom
21 - Nediskriminácia
22 - Kultúrna, náboženská a jazyková rozmanitosť
23 - Rovnosť medzi ženami a mužmi
24 - Práva dieťaťa
25 - Práva starších osôb
26 - Integrácia osôb so zdravotným postihnutím
Hlava IV: Solidarita
27 - Právo pracovníkov na informácie a konzultácie v rámci podniku
28 - Právo na kolektívne vyjednávanie a kolektívne akcie
29 - Právo na prístup k službám zamestnanosti
30 - Ochrana v prípade bezdôvodného prepustenia
31 - Spravodlivé a primerané pracovné podmien
32 - Zákaz detskej práce a ochrana mladistvých pri práci
33 - Rodina a pracovný život
34 - Sociálne zabezpečenie a sociálna pomoc
35 - Zdravotná starostlivosť
36 - Prístup k službám všeobecného hospodárskeho záujmu
37 - Ochrana životného prostredia
38 - Ochrana spotrebiteľa
Hlava V: Občianstvo
39 - Právo voliť a byť volený vo voľbách do Európskeho parlamentu
40 - Právo voliť a byť volený vo voľbách do orgánov samosprávy obcí
41 - Právo na dobrú správu vecí verejných
42 - Právo na prístup k dokumentom
43 - Európsky ombudsman
44 - Petičné právo
45 - Sloboda pohybu a pobytu
46 - Diplomatická a konzulárna ochrana
Hlava VI: Spravodlivosť
47 - Právo na účinný prostriedok nápravy a na spravodlivý proces
48 - Prezumpcia neviny a právo na obhajobu
49 - Zásady zákonnosti a primeranosti trestných činov a trestov
50 - Právo nebyť stíhaný alebo potrestaný v trestnom konaní dvakrát za ten istý trestný čin
Hlava VII: Všeobecné ustanovenia
51 - Rozsah pôsobnosti
52 - Rozsah a výklad práv a zásad
53 - Úroveň ochrany
54 - Zákaz zneužívania práv
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Work on rights
Spravodlivosť, práva obetí a justičná spolupráca
Práva obetí
Práva obžalovaných
Občianskoprávne súdnictvo
Justičná spolupráca a právny štát
Bezpečnosť
Podnikanie a ľudské práva
Rovnosť, nediskriminácia a rasizmus
Deti, mládež a starší ľudia
Ľudia so zdravotným postihnutím
Trestné činy z nenávisti
Rasový a etnický pôvod
Náboženstvo a viera
Rómovia
Pohlavie, sexuálna orientácia a rodová identita
Azyl, migrácia a hranice
Prístup k azylu
Hranice a informačné systémy
Ochrana dieťaťa
Neregulárna migrácia, návrat a zaistenie prisťahovalcov
Legálna migrácia a integrácia
Obchodovanie s ľuďmi a pracovné vykorisťovanie
Ochrana údajov, súkromie a nové technológie
Umelá inteligencia a veľké dáta
Hranice a informačné systémy
Ochrana osobných údajov
Nezákonné profilovanie
Podpora systémov a obhajcov ľudských práv
Charta základných práv EÚ
Medzivládne systémy pre ľudské práva
Národné systémy a orgány pre ľudské práva
Občianska spoločnosť
Charta základných práv Európskej únie
Charta základných práv Európskej únie
Čo sú ľudské práva?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Preambula
Hlava I: Dôstojnosť
1 -
Ľudská dôstojnosť
2 -
Právo na život
3 -
Právo na nedotknuteľnosť osoby
4 -
Zákaz mučenia a neľudského alebo ponižujúceho zaobchádzania alebo trestu
5 -
Zákaz otroctva a nútených prác
Hlava II: Slobody
6 -
Právo na slobodu a bezpečnosť
7 -
Rešpektovanie súkromného a rodinného života
8 -
Ochrana osobných údajov
9 -
Právo uzavrieť manželstvo a právo založiť rodinu
10 -
Sloboda myslenia, svedomia a náboženského vyznania
11 -
Sloboda prejavu a právo na informácie
12 -
Sloboda zhromažďovania a združovania
13 -
Sloboda umenia a vedeckého bádania
14 -
Právo na vzdelanie
15 -
Slobodná voľba povolania a právo na prácu
16 -
Sloboda podnikania
17 -
Vlastnícke právo
18 -
Právo na azyl
19 -
Ochrana v prípade vysťahovania, vyhostenia alebo extradície
Hlava III: Rovnosť
20 -
Rovnosť pred zákonom
21 -
Nediskriminácia
22 -
Kultúrna, náboženská a jazyková rozmanitosť
23 -
Rovnosť medzi ženami a mužmi
24 -
Práva dieťaťa
25 -
Práva starších osôb
26 -
Integrácia osôb so zdravotným postihnutím
Hlava IV: Solidarita
27 -
Právo pracovníkov na informácie a konzultácie v rámci podniku
28 -
Právo na kolektívne vyjednávanie a kolektívne akcie
29 -
Právo na prístup k službám zamestnanosti
30 -
Ochrana v prípade bezdôvodného prepustenia
31 -
Spravodlivé a primerané pracovné podmien
32 -
Zákaz detskej práce a ochrana mladistvých pri práci
33 -
Rodina a pracovný život
34 -
Sociálne zabezpečenie a sociálna pomoc
35 -
Zdravotná starostlivosť
36 -
Prístup k službám všeobecného hospodárskeho záujmu
37 -
Ochrana životného prostredia
38 -
Ochrana spotrebiteľa
Hlava V: Občianstvo
39 -
Právo voliť a byť volený vo voľbách do Európskeho parlamentu
40 -
Právo voliť a byť volený vo voľbách do orgánov samosprávy obcí
41 -
Právo na dobrú správu vecí verejných
42 -
Právo na prístup k dokumentom
43 -
Európsky ombudsman
44 -
Petičné právo
45 -
Sloboda pohybu a pobytu
46 -
Diplomatická a konzulárna ochrana
Hlava VI: Spravodlivosť
47 -
Právo na účinný prostriedok nápravy a na spravodlivý proces
48 -
Prezumpcia neviny a právo na obhajobu
49 -
Zásady zákonnosti a primeranosti trestných činov a trestov
50 -
Právo nebyť stíhaný alebo potrestaný v trestnom konaní dvakrát za ten istý trestný čin
Hlava VII: Všeobecné ustanovenia
51 -
Rozsah pôsobnosti
52 -
Rozsah a výklad práv a zásad
53 -
Úroveň ochrany
54 -
Zákaz zneužívania práv
Tools
Tools
EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS
Criminal detention database
Anti-Muslim hatred database
Case-law database
Charterpedia
FRA e-learning platform
Data visualisation
Equality data collection: promising practices
Fighting hate crime: promising practices
Informačné materiály
Search
×
Search the FRA website
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Work On Rights
Support for human rights systems and defenders
Civil society
Protecting civil society – Update 2023
18
October
2023
Protecting civil society – Update 2023
Civil society
Support for human rights systems and defenders
Civil society organisations struggle to maintain an environment safe from threats and attacks. FRA’s sixth annual update on civic space explores the challenges for organisations across the EU. While there has been significant development since FRA began monitoring the situation in 2018, civil society organisations remain under immense pressure. Abusive lawsuits and attacks against those involved in migrant search and rescue at sea are just some of the challenges identified. This report presents ways forward to protect civil society and human rights.
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Foreword
Key findings
Promoting an enabling legal environment
Ways forward
Addressing threats and attacks
Ways forward
Improving access to resources for CSOs under pressure
Ways forward
Strengthening meaningful participation in policymaking
Ways forward
1. Overall developments in civic space and EU initiatives
1.1 Developments in the EU in 2022
1.2 EU initiatives on civic space
1.2.1 Legislative and policy initiatives
1.2.2 Supporting civil society and countering threats
1.2.3 Enabling participation
1.3 International organisations’ initiatives
1.4 Developments in three EU candidate countries
2. Legal environment
2.1 Developments in EU Member States
2.1.1 Freedom of association
2.1.2 Freedom of expression
2.1.3 Freedom of peaceful assembly
2.2 Spotlight: Strategic lawsuits against public participation
3. Threats and attacks
3.1 Developments in EU Member States
3.2 Spotlight: Challenges for migrant rights defenders involved in search and rescue at sea
4. Access to resources
4.1 Developments in EU Member States
4.2 Spotlight: Supporting civil society organisations under pressure through funding
5. Participation
5.1 Developments in EU Member States
5.2 Spotlight: Participation of organisations representing groups at risk of exclusion
Ways forward
Bibliography
Annex: Methodology
About this publication
Bibliography
CoE, Commissioner for Human Rights (2020),
Human rights comment: Time to take action against SLAPPs
, 27
October 2020
.
European Commission (2020),
The European democracy action plan
, COM(2020)
790
final, Brussels, 3
December 2020.
European Commission (2020),
Strategy to strengthen the application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights in the EU
, COM(2020)
711
final, Brussels, 2
December 2020.
European Commission (2020), ‘
2020 rule of law report
’.
European Commission (2021), ‘
2021 rule of law report
’.
European Commission (2022), ‘
2022 rule of law report
’.
European Network Against Racism (2022),
Racialisation and shrinking space: Defending the human rights of racialised people in Europe
.
hu2014),
Criminalisation of migrants in an irregular situation and of persons engaging with them
, Luxembourg, Publications Office.
FRA (2016),
Violence, threats and pressures against journalists and other media actors in the European Union
, Luxembourg, Publications Office.
FRA (2018),
Challenges facing civil society organisations working on human rights in the EU
, Luxembourg, Publications Office.
FRA (2018),
Fundamental rights considerations: NGO ships involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean and criminal investigations
, Luxembourg, Publications Office.
FRA (2019),
Civil society space – Views of organisations
, Luxembourg, Publications Office.
FRA (2019), ‘
2019 update – NGO ships involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean and criminal investigations
’.
FRA (2020),
Civic space – Experiences of organisations in 2019
, Luxembourg, Publications Office.
FRA (2021),
COVID-impact on civil society work. Results of consultation with FRA’s Fundamental Rights Platform
.
FRA (2022),
Human rights cities in the European Union
, Luxembourg, Publications Office.
Front Line Defenders (2021),
Sex worker rights defenders at risk
.
Hayes, B. and Joshi, P. (2020),
Rethinking civic space in an age of intersectional crises: A briefing for funders
.
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (2022), ‘
Civic space scan of Portugal
’ (in Portuguese).
OHCHR (Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights) (1998),
Declaration on the right and responsibility of individuals, groups and organs of society to promote and protect universally recognized human rights and fundamental freedoms
, 9
December 1998.
OSCE (2022),
Strengthening the resilience of NHRIs and responding to threats – Guidance tool
, Warsaw, OSCE/ODIHR.
PartnersGlobal (2020),
Resiliency+ Framework – A guide for civil society to thrive in uncertain times
.
SOS Children’s Villages (2021),
Toolkit for children and young people’s participation in advocacy
, Vienna, SOS Children’s Villages.
Ways forward
Annex: Methodology
Country Research
05 July 2023
An update on developments regarding civic space in the EU and an overview of the possibilities for human rights defenders to enter EU territory 2022 - Country research
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
Civil society
These documents were commissioned under contract as background material for comparative analysis for the project ‘Update on developments regarding civic space in the EU‘. The information and views contained in the documents do not necessarily reflect the views or the official position of FRA. The documents are made publicly available for transparency and information purposes only and do not constitute legal advice or legal opinion.
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2023
Preventing and responding to deaths at sea: what the European Union can do
Following yet another recent tragic shipwreck and loss of life in the Mediterranean, this short report sets out examples of actions the EU could take to meet its obligations to protect the right to life and prevent more deaths at sea. As part of the work that the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) does on upholding fundamental rights in asylum and return procedures, this report calls for better protection for shipwreck survivors, and prompt and independent investigations. It sets out measures that EU Member States should take to improve search and rescue efforts and provide legal pathways to safety to prevent deaths at sea.
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Dzmitry © adobestock.com, 2023
Periodic updates / Series
Access to asylum
Asylum, migration and borders
30
May
2023
Asylum and migration: Progress achieved and remaining challenges
Over the span of nearly eight years, there have been developments in showing respect for the human rights of those who arrive at the EU’s borders. Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has shown how a large and sudden influx of people can be managed effectively and respectfully. Notwithstanding the improvements, the growing number of people crossing or attempting to enter the EU pose a wide range of fundamental rights challenges.
In this bulletin, FRA takes stock of concerns and improvements regarding the fundamental rights of migrants, asylum seekers and refugees. It highlights the EU Member States’ legal and practical responses. It identifies key trends, promising practices, long-standing and emerging patterns, and persistent concerns.
Access all migration updates
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Image by Gerd Altmann from Pixabay
Report / Paper / Summary
Data protection
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
24
May
2023
Surveillance by intelligence services: Fundamental rights safeguards and remedies in the EU - 2023 update
This report provides a partial update on the findings of the 2017 European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) report Surveillance by intelligence services: Fundamental rights safeguards and remedies in the EU. It was prepared at the request of the European Parliament, which asked FRA to update its 2017 findings to support the work of its committee of inquiry to investigate the use of Pegasus and equivalent surveillance spyware (PEGA).
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Download 2017 surveillance report
Report / Paper / Summary
Civil society
Support for human rights systems and defenders
19
August
2022
Protecting civic space in the EU - Key findings and FRA opinions
Civil society organisations face diverse challenges across the European Union. FRA’s report on Protecting civic space in the EU presents the agency’s findings on these challenges. It was issued in September of 2021. This summary presents the Key findings and FRA opinions outlined in the report.
Report / Paper / Summary
Civil society
Support for human rights systems and defenders
19
July
2022
Europe's civil society: still under pressure - 2022 update
Civil society is a key component of Europe’s fundamental rights architecture. From supporting people affected by the pandemic to helping those fleeing the war in Ukraine, civil society plays a crucial role in upholding people’s rights. In so doing, it contributes to a healthy rule of law culture. FRA’s civic space report provides an overview of the many ways in which civil society contributes to the checks and balances that underpin the rule of law.
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Creativemarc © adobestock.com, 2021
Report / Paper / Summary
Support for human rights systems and defenders
11
October
2021
Human rights cities in the EU: a framework for reinforcing rights locally
This report proposes a framework for becoming, and functioning as, a ‘human rights city’ in the EU. It includes ‘foundations’, ‘structures’ and ‘tools’ for mayors, local administrations and grassroots organisations to reinforce fundamental rights locally. It is based on existing good practice and expert input by representatives of human rights cities in the EU, academic experts, international organisations and city networks.
Watch video on Human rights cities
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blvdone © adobestock.com, 2021
Report / Paper / Summary
Civil society
22
September
2021
Protecting civic space in the EU
Civil society organisations play a vital role in promoting fundamental rights, but they face diverse challenges across the European Union. This report presents FRA’s findings on a range of such challenges. The findings are based on research, and on two online consultations with civil society organisations, carried out in 2020.
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Download country studies
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siraanamwong © adobestock.com, 2020
Report / Paper / Summary
Civil society
Support for human rights systems and defenders
28
July
2020
Civic space – experiences of organisations in 2019
This paper presents key findings from FRA’s second consultation of its Fundamental Rights Platform, focusing on the experiences of civil society organisations (CSOs) working on human rights. FRA started an annual consultation with organisations participating in its platform in 2018.
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More on the Fundamental Rights Platform
Report / Paper / Summary
Asylum, migration and borders
Borders and information systems
Support for human rights systems and defenders
Civil society
19
June
2019
2019 update - NGO ships involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean and criminal investigations
In 2018, some 2,299 people are estimated to have died or gone missing at sea while crossing the sea to reach Europe to escape war or persecution or to pursue a better life. This is on average more than six people per day. Before mid-2017, a significant share of migrants in distress at sea have been rescued by civil society vessels deployed with a humanitarian mandate to reduce fatalities and bring rescued migrants to safety. In 2018, however, authorities in some Member States viewed civil society-deployed rescue vessels with hostility. As a reaction, they seized rescue vessels, arrested crew members, and initiated legal procedures against them (more than a dozen altogether). In some cases, rescue vessels were blocked in harbours due to flag issues.
Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
Support for human rights systems and defenders
Civil society
1
October
2018
Fundamental rights considerations: NGO ships involved in search and rescue in the Mediterranean and criminal investigations - 2018
This note draws attention to the recent trend of criminalising search and rescue operations (SAR) in the Mediterranean Sea carried out by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) or other private entities. This includes seizing rescue vessels, as well as arrests for crew members, in some EU Member States. Most of such incidents concerned NGOs operating in the Central Mediterranean Sea.
Report / Paper / Summary
Asylum, migration and borders
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Children, youth and older people
People with disabilities
Hate crime
Roma
Sex, sexual orientation and gender
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
17
May
2018
Challenges facing civil society organisations working on human rights in the EU – Summary
Civil society organisations in the European Union play a crucial role in promoting fundamental
rights, but it has become harder for them do so – due to both legal and practical restrictions.
This summary outlines the main
findings and FRA’s opinions on the different
types and patterns of challenges faced by civil society
organisations across the EU,
© Photobank / AdobeStock
Report / Paper / Summary
Civil society
Support for human rights systems and defenders
18
January
2018
Challenges facing civil society organisations working on human rights in the EU
Civil society organisations in the European Union play a crucial role in promoting fundamental rights, but it has become harder for them to do so – due to both legal and practical restrictions. This report looks at the different types and patterns of challenges faced by civil society organisations working on human rights in the EU.
Report / Paper / Summary
Hate crime
Sex, sexual orientation and gender
16
November
2016
Violence, threats and pressures against journalists and other media actors in the European Union
A free and pluralist media is vital to the democratic functioning of the European
Union (EU) and its Member States. However, journalists and other media actors
in the EU face various challenges, including violence, threats and other forms of
pressure, both direct and indirect.
Report / Paper / Summary
People with disabilities
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
21
May
2014
The right to political participation for persons with disabilities: human rights indicators
The opportunity to be involved in political life, whether by standing for elected office, joining a political party, or following political news stories in the media, is at the heart of what it means to live in a democratic society. The report analyses data on the situation of political participation of persons with disabilities collected from across the 28 European Union (EU) Member States by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) and the European Commission-funded Academic Network of European Disability Experts (ANED).
FRA 2014
Report / Paper / Summary
Asylum, migration and borders
27
March
2014
Criminalisation of migrants in an irregular situation and of persons engaging with them
This paper examines the sanctions applied to counteract irregular migration, building on previous work by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) on the rights of migrants in an irregular situation.
Report / Paper / Summary
Asylum, migration and borders
6
August
2013
Fundamental rights at Europe’s southern sea borders - Summary
This FRA report examines the conditions at Europe’s southern sea borders with respect to the most fundamental rights of a person, the right to life and the right not to be sent back to torture, persecution or inhuman treatment. It looks at sea border surveillance and disembarkation procedures, as well as general issues such as European Union (EU) policy, training and Frontex-coordinated operations, and examines practices across the EU Member States researched – Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta and Spain.
Report / Paper / Summary
Asylum, migration and borders
Borders and information systems
27
March
2013
Fundamental rights at Europe’s southern sea borders
This FRA report examines the conditions at Europe’s southern sea borders with respect to the most fundamental rights of a person, the right to life and the right not to be sent back to torture, persecution or inhuman treatment. It looks at sea border surveillance and disembarkation procedures, as well as training and Frontex-coordinated operations. It examines practices across the EU Member States researched – Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta and Spain.