Equality

Trestné činy z nenávisti

EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

Highlights

  • Report / Paper / Summary
    29
    November
    2023

    Online content moderation - Current challenges in detecting hate speech

    Online hate speech is a growing problem in today’s digitalised societies. Women, Black people, Jews and Roma are often targets of online hate speech. Online hate proliferates where human content moderators miss offensive content. Also, algorithms are prone to errors. They may multiply errors over time and may even end up promoting online hate. This report presents the challenges in identifying and detecting online hate. Hate of any kind should not be tolerated, regardless of whether it is online or offline. The report discusses the implications for fundamental rights to support creating a rights-compliant digital environment.
    Read press release
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    12
    December
    2018

    Unmasking bias motives in crimes: selected cases of the European Court of Human Rights

    This paper discusses the evolution of European Court of Human Rights case law relating
    to hate crime, providing an update on the most recent rulings. Approaching hate crime
    from a fundamental rights perspective, it shows how Member State authorities’ duty to
    effectively investigate the bias motivation of crimes flows from key human rights
    instruments, such as the European Convention on Human Rights.
  • SOS pillbox
    Report / Paper / Summary
    7
    July
    2021

    Encouraging hate crime reporting - The role of law enforcement and other authorities

    This report examines why victims do not report bias-motivated incidents and the barriers that they face when reporting incidents through national crime reporting systems. By mapping existing practices that have a bearing on the victim’s experiences when reporting bias-motivated violence and harassment, it aims to provide evidence to support national efforts to encourage and facilitate reporting – and ultimately assist Member States in delivering on their duties with regard to combating hate crime.
    View the infographic
    Browse the compendium on hate crime practices
    Read press release
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    21
    June
    2018

    Hate crime recording and data collection practice across the EU

    Across the European Union, people face hatred because of their skin colour, ethnicity, religion, gender or sexuality. In response, the EU and its Member States have introduced laws against hate crime and support services for victims. But these will only fulfil their potential if victims report hate-motivated harassment and violence to the police, and if police officers record such incidents as hate crimes. This report provides rich and detailed information on hate crime recording and data collection systems across the EU, including any systemic cooperation with civil society.
    Read press release
    Access compendium of practices
Produkty
Report / Paper / Summary
Hate crime
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
24
October
2014

Antisemitism Summary overview of the situation in the European Union 2003-2013

Antisemitism can be expressed in the form of verbal and physical attacks, threats, harassment, property damage, graffiti or other forms of text, including hate speech on the internet.
Fundamental Rights Report
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
Asylum, migration and borders
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Sex, sexual orientation and gender
Hate crime
Sex, sexual orientation and gender
People with disabilities
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Children, youth and older people
Roma
9
July
2014

Fundamental rights: key legal and policy developments in 2013. Highlights 2013

The EU and its Member States took a variety of important steps in 2013 to protect and promote fundamental rights by
assuming
new international commitments, revamping legislation and pursuing innovative policies on the ground. Yet, fundamental
rights violations seized the spotlight with distressing frequency: would‑be migrants drowning off the EU’s coast,
unprecedented mass surveillance, racist and extremist‑motivated murders, child poverty and Roma deprivation.
Fundamental Rights Report
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
Asylum, migration and borders
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Children, youth and older people
People with disabilities
Hate crime
Roma
Sex, sexual orientation and gender
6
June
2014

Fundamental rights: challenges and achievements in 2013 - Annual report 2013

This year’s FRA annual report looks at fundamental rights-related developments in asylum, immigration and integration; border control and visa policy; information society, respect for private life and data protection; the rights of the child and the protection of children; equality and non-discrimination; racism, xenophobia and related intolerance; access to justice and judicial cooperation; rights of crime victims; EU Member States and international obligations.
Report / Paper / Summary
Hate crime
December
2013

Fundamental Rights Conference 2013 "Combating hate crime in the EU" : Conference conclusions

The Fundamental Rights Conference 2013 was organised by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) in cooperation with the Lithuanian Presidency of the Council of the EU. The focus of the conference was on the issue of ‘Combating hate crime in the EU’.
Report / Paper / Summary
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Asylum, migration and borders
Legal migration and integration
Hate crime
Racial and ethnic origin
20
December
2013

Racism, discrimination, intolerance and extremism: learning from experiences in Greece and Hungary

This thematic situation report examines the effectiveness of responses by public authorities, civil society organisations and others to counter racism, discrimination, intolerance and extremism in Greece and Hungary. The report goes on to make proposals for fighting racist crime, increasing trust in the police, and combating extremism throughout the EU.
Report / Paper / Summary
Hate crime
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
8
November
2013

Discrimination and hate crime against Jews in EU Member States: experiences and perceptions of antisemitism

This FRA survey is the first-ever to collect comparable data on Jewish people’s experiences and perceptions of antisemitism, hate-motivated crime and discrimination across a number of EU Member States, specifically in Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Its findings reveal a worrying level of discrimination, particularly in employment and education, a widespread fear of victimisation and heightening concern about antisemitism online.
Watch vlog on antisemitism
Watch launch conference
Read press release
Read human stories
In brief / Factsheet
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Hate crime
8
November
2013

Jewish people's experience of discrimination and hate crime in European Union Member States

Jewish people across the European Union (EU) continue to face insults, discrimination, harassment and even physical violence which, despite concerted efforts by both the EU and its Member States, show no signs of fading into the past. Although many important rights are guaranteed legally, widespread and long-standing prejudice continues to hinder Jewish people’s chances to enjoy these rights in reality.
Report / Paper / Summary
Hate crime
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
6
November
2013

Technical report: FRA survey - Discrimination and hate crime against Jews in EU Member States: experiences and perceptions of antisemitism

The FRA survey is the first-ever to collect comparable data on Jewish people’s experiences and perceptions of antisemitism, hate-motivated crime and discrimination across a number of EU Member States, specifically in Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Sweden and the United Kingdom. This technical report gives an overview of the survey methodology, sample and the questionnaire.
Report / Paper / Summary
Hate crime
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
7
November
2013

Antisemitism: Summary overview of the situation in the European Union 2001–2012

Antisemitism can be expressed in the form of verbal and physical attacks, threats, harassment, property damage, graffiti or other forms of text, including hate speech on the internet. The present report – the ninth update of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) overview of Manifestations of antisemitism in the EU – relates to manifestations of antisemitism as they are recorded by official and unofficial sources in the 28 European Union (EU) Member States.
Data explorer
Religion and belief
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Hate crime
Racial and ethnic origin
03 July 2014

Survey on discrimination and hate crime against Jews in EU (2012)

This 2012 survey provides comparable data from eight countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Sweden and the UK) on Jewish people’s experiences and perceptions of discrimination, hate-motivated crime and antisemitism. The data explorer also allows the filtering of responses by age, gender and strength of Jewish identity of respondents.
Opinion
Hate crime
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Racial and ethnic origin
Religion and belief
Roma
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
Victims’ rights
22
October
2013

FRA Opinion on the Framework Decision on Racism and Xenophobia – with special attention to the rights of victims of crime

The Opinion assesses the impact of the Framework Decision on the rights of the victims of crimes motivated by hatred and prejudice, including racism and xenophobia.
Report / Paper / Summary
Sex, sexual orientation and gender
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Children, youth and older people
Hate crime
17
May
2013

EU LGBT survey - European Union lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender survey - Results at a glance

In light of a lack of comparable data on the respect, protection and fulfilment of the fundamental rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons, the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) launched in 2012 its European Union (EU) online survey of LGBT persons’ experiences of discrimination, violence and harassment.
Leaflet / Flyer
Hate crime
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
7
March
2013

FRA brief: Crimes motivated by hatred and prejudice in the EU

This brief provides a short compilation of FRA findings on the issue of combating hate crime in the EU.
In brief / Factsheet
Hate crime
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
27
November
2012

Hate crime in the European Union

Despite EU Member States’ efforts to combat discrimination and intolerance, including hate crime, there are indications that the situation is not improving. Continued and renewed violations of the fundamental rights of people living within the EU have instead been witnessed over the past few years, through verbal abuse, physical attacks or even murders motivated by prejudice.
Report / Paper / Summary
Hate crime
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
People with disabilities
Racial and ethnic origin
Religion and belief
Roma
Sex, sexual orientation and gender
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
Victims’ rights
27
November
2012

Making hate crime visible in the European Union: acknowledging victims' rights

Discrimination and intolerance persist in the European Union (EU) despite the best efforts of Member States to root them out, FRA research shows. Verbal abuse, physical attacks and murders motivated by prejudice target EU society in all its diversity, from visible minorities to those with disabilities. This FRA report is designed to help the EU and its Member States to tackle these fundamental rights violations both by making them more visible and bringing perpetrators to account.
Report / Paper / Summary
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Hate crime
Racial and ethnic origin
Religion and belief
Roma
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
Victims’ rights
27
November
2012

EU-MIDIS Data in Focus Report 6: Minorities as Victims of Crime

This EU-MIDIS Data in focus report 6 presents data on respondents’ experiences of victimisation across five crime types: theft of or from a vehicle; burglary or attempted burglary; theft of personal property not involving force or threat (personal theft); assault or threat; and serious harassment. The European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS) is the first EU-wide survey to ask 23,500 individuals with an ethnic and minority background about their experiences of discrimination and criminal victimisation in everyday life.
Video
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Sex, sexual orientation and gender
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
People with disabilities
Sex, sexual orientation and gender
Roma
Hate crime

New FRA Reports on Victims of Hate Crime

The FRA will launch two reports on victims of crime on 27 November 2012.
Report / Paper / Summary
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Hate crime
Racial and ethnic origin
Religion and belief
May
2009

EU-MIDIS Data in Focus Report 2: Muslims

This report focuses on respondents who identified themselves as Muslims, and is the second in a series of EU-MIDIS ‘Data in Focus' reports exploring different results from the survey. Up to nine ‘Data in Focus' reports are planned. Given the shortage of extensive, objective and comparable data on Muslims in the European Union, EU-MIDIS provides, for the first time, comparable data on how Muslims across the EU experience discrimination and victimisation.
Report / Paper / Summary
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Hate crime
9
December
2009

European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey - Main Results Report

This report presents the main results from EU-MIDIS, the FRA's European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey.
Report / Paper / Summary
Religion and belief
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Hate crime
1
December
2006

Highlights of EUMC Report “Muslims in the European Union: Discrimination and Islamophobia”

“Muslims in the European Union: Discrimination and Islamophobia” is a report by the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia (EUMC) on the situation of Muslims in the Member States of the European Union.