Skip to main content
Eesti
×
Select site language
Български
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
English
Español
Eesti
Suomi
Français
Gaeilge
Hrvatski
Magyar
Italiano
Lietuvių
Latviešu
Malti
Nederlands
Polski
Português
Română
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Svenska
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mastodon
Instagram
Facebook
YouTube
PeerTube
Newsletter
Top Menu
Euroopa liidu põhiõiguste amet
Koostöö
Newsroom
Cookies
Contact
Custom Topbar
Search
×
Search the FRA website
menu-icon
Work on rights
Õigusküsimused, ohvrite õigused ja õigusalane koostöö
Ohvrite õigused
Süüdistatavate õigused
Tsiviilõigus
Õigusalane koostöö ja õigusriik
Turvalisus
Äritegevus ja inimõigused
Võrdõiguslikkus, mittediskrimineerimine ja rassism
Lapsed, noored ja eakad
Puudega inimesed
Vihakuriteod
Rassiline ja etniline päritolu
Usk ja veendumused
Romad
Sugu, seksuaalne sättumus ja sooidentiteet
Varjupaiga-, rände- ja piiriküsimused
Juurdepääs varjupaigale
Piirid ja infosüsteemid
Lastekaitse
Ebaseaduslik ränne, tagasisaatmine ja sisserändajate kinnipidamine
Seaduslik ränne ja integratsioon
Inimkaubandus ja tööalane ärakasutamine
Andmekaitse, eraelu puutumatus ja uued tehnoloogiad
Tehisintellekt ja suurandmed
Piirid ja infosüsteemid
Andmekaitse
Ebaseaduslik profileerimine
Inimõiguste süsteemide ja kaitsjate toetamine
ELi põhiõiguste harta
Valitsustevahelised inimõiguste süsteemid
Riiklikud inimõiguste süsteemid ja asutused
Kodanikuühiskond
Euroopa Liidu põhiõiguste harta
Mis on põhiõigused?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Preambul
I Jaotis: Väärikus
1 - Inimväärikus
2 - Õigus elule
3 - Õigus isikupuutumatusele
4 - Piinamise ning ebainimliku või alandava kohtlemise või karistamise keeld
5 - Orjapidamise ja sunniviisilise töö keeld
II Jaotis: Vabadused
6 - Õigus vabadusele ja turvalisusele
7 - Era
8 - Isikuandmete kaitse
9 - Õigus abielluda ja õigus luua perekond
10 - Mõtte-, südametunnistuse
11 - Sõna
12 - Kogunemis
13 - Kunsti ja teaduse vabadus
14 - Õigus haridusele
15 - Kutsevabadus ja õigus teha tööd
16 - Ettevõtlusvabadus
17 - Õigus omandile
18 - Varjupaigaõigus
19 - Kaitse tagasisaatmise, väljasaatmise või väljaandmise korral
III Jaotis: Võrdsus
20 - Võrdsus seaduse ees
21 - Diskrimineerimiskeeld
22 - Kultuuriline, usuline ja keeleline mitmekesisus
23 - Naiste ja meeste võrdõiguslikkus
24 - Lapse õigused
25 - Selgitused põhiõiguste harta kohta
26 - Puuetega inimeste integreerimine ühiskonda
IV Jaotis: Solidaarsus
27 - Töötajate õigus olla ettevõttes informeeritud ja ära kuulatud
28 - Kollektiivläbirääkimiste ja kollektiivse tegutsemise õigus
29 - Õigus kasutada tööhõiveteenuseid
30 - Kaitse põhjendamatu vallandamise korral
31 - Head ja õiglased töötingimused
32 - Keeld kasutada laste tööjõudu ja noorte töötajate kaitse
33 - Perekonna
34 - Sotsiaalkindlustus ja sotsiaalabi
35 - Tervishoid
36 - Võimalus kasutada üldist majandushuvi pakkuvaid teenuseid
37 - Keskkonnakaitse
38 - Tarbijakaitse
V Jaotis: Kodanike õigused
39 - Õigus hääletada ja kandideerida Euroopa Parlamendi valimistel
40 - Õigus hääletada ja kandideerida kohalikel valimistel
41 - Õigus heale haldusele
42 - Õigus tutvuda dokumentidega
43 - Euroopa ombudsman
44 - Õigus esitada petitsioone
45 - Liikumis
46 - Diplomaatiline ja konsulaarkaitse
VI Jaotis: Õigusemõistmine
47 - Õigus tõhusale õiguskaitsevahendile ja õiglasele kohtulikule arutamisele
48 - Süütuse presumptsioon ja kaitseõigus
49 - Kuritegude ja karistuste seaduslikkuse ja proportsionaalsuse põhimõte
50 - Mitmekordse kohtumõistmise ja karistamise keeld
VII Jaotis: Üldsätted
51 - Reguleerimisala
52 - Õiguste ja põhimõtete ulatus ja tõlgendamine
53 - Kaitse tase
54 - Õiguste kuritarvitamise keeld
Tools
EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS
Criminal detention database
Anti-Muslim hatred database
Case-law database
Charterpedia
FRA e-learning platform
Data visualisation
Equality data collection: promising practices
Fighting hate crime: promising practices
Tooted
About FRA
Who we are
Structure of FRA
Management Board
Management Board members
Management Board meeting documents
Executive Board
Scientific Committee
Scientific Committee members
Director
Management team
What we do
Research and data
Capacity-building
Advising
Convening people
FRA for children
What are my rights?
Where do my rights come from?
Areas of work
Multi-annual Framework 2007-2022
Work Programme
Archive
Annual Activity report
Archive
Projects
Working at FRA
Vacancies and selections
Previous vacancies
What we offer
Work-life balance
Application instructions
Seconded National Experts
Traineeship
Procurement
Ongoing procedures
Closed procedures
Contracts awarded
Finance and budget
Financial Rules
Financial documents
Juurdepääs dokumentidele
Access to documents
Dokumentidele juurdepääsu taotluse
Data protection within FRA
Records registry
Cooperation
ELi institutsioonid ja muud asutused
European Parliament
Council of the European Union
European Commission
EU agencies
European Committee of the Regions
European Economic and Social Committee
European Ombudsman
EU CRPD Framework
Promotion
Protection
Monitoring
Review process
Resources
ELi liikmesriigid
National Liaison Officers
National Parliaments
Euroopa Nõukogu
Kodanikuühiskond ja põhiõiguste platvorm
Activities
Civic space
Platform library
How to register
Riiklikud inimõiguste asutused, võrdõiguslikkusasutused ning ombudsmanide bürood
ÜRO, OSCE ja muud rahvusvahelised organisatsioonid
EEA and Norway Grants
FRANET
Newsroom
News
Press releases
Events
Past Events
FRA products 2024
FRA products 2023
FRA products 2022
FRA products 2021
FRA Products 2020
FRA Products 2019
Multimedia
Videos
Infographics
Podcasts
Speeches
Press packs
EU LGBTIQ survey - Press pack
Fundamental Rights Survey
EU LGBTI survey II
From institutions to community living for persons with disabilities: perspectives from the ground
Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey – Main results
Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS II) Muslims
Together in the EU: Promoting the participation of migrants and their descendants
Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey (EU-MIDIS II) Roma
Severe labour exploitation in the EU
Child-friendly justice – perspectives and experiences of professionals: Press pack
Fundamental rights at EU borders
Violence against women press pack
Jewish people’s experiences and perceptions of hate crime, discrimination and antisemitism
EU LGBT Press pack
Child-friendly justice – perspectives and experiences of children
Newsletter
Log in
Main menu
Work on rights
Work on rights
Õigusküsimused, ohvrite õigused ja õigusalane koostöö
Ohvrite õigused
Süüdistatavate õigused
Tsiviilõigus
Õigusalane koostöö ja õigusriik
Turvalisus
Äritegevus ja inimõigused
Võrdõiguslikkus, mittediskrimineerimine ja rassism
Lapsed, noored ja eakad
Puudega inimesed
Vihakuriteod
Rassiline ja etniline päritolu
Usk ja veendumused
Romad
Sugu, seksuaalne sättumus ja sooidentiteet
Varjupaiga-, rände- ja piiriküsimused
Juurdepääs varjupaigale
Piirid ja infosüsteemid
Lastekaitse
Ebaseaduslik ränne, tagasisaatmine ja sisserändajate kinnipidamine
Seaduslik ränne ja integratsioon
Inimkaubandus ja tööalane ärakasutamine
Andmekaitse, eraelu puutumatus ja uued tehnoloogiad
Tehisintellekt ja suurandmed
Piirid ja infosüsteemid
Andmekaitse
Ebaseaduslik profileerimine
Inimõiguste süsteemide ja kaitsjate toetamine
ELi põhiõiguste harta
Valitsustevahelised inimõiguste süsteemid
Riiklikud inimõiguste süsteemid ja asutused
Kodanikuühiskond
Euroopa Liidu põhiõiguste harta
Euroopa Liidu põhiõiguste harta
Mis on põhiõigused?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Preambul
I Jaotis: Väärikus
1 -
Inimväärikus
2 -
Õigus elule
3 -
Õigus isikupuutumatusele
4 -
Piinamise ning ebainimliku või alandava kohtlemise või karistamise keeld
5 -
Orjapidamise ja sunniviisilise töö keeld
II Jaotis: Vabadused
6 -
Õigus vabadusele ja turvalisusele
7 -
Era
8 -
Isikuandmete kaitse
9 -
Õigus abielluda ja õigus luua perekond
10 -
Mõtte-, südametunnistuse
11 -
Sõna
12 -
Kogunemis
13 -
Kunsti ja teaduse vabadus
14 -
Õigus haridusele
15 -
Kutsevabadus ja õigus teha tööd
16 -
Ettevõtlusvabadus
17 -
Õigus omandile
18 -
Varjupaigaõigus
19 -
Kaitse tagasisaatmise, väljasaatmise või väljaandmise korral
III Jaotis: Võrdsus
20 -
Võrdsus seaduse ees
21 -
Diskrimineerimiskeeld
22 -
Kultuuriline, usuline ja keeleline mitmekesisus
23 -
Naiste ja meeste võrdõiguslikkus
24 -
Lapse õigused
25 -
Selgitused põhiõiguste harta kohta
26 -
Puuetega inimeste integreerimine ühiskonda
IV Jaotis: Solidaarsus
27 -
Töötajate õigus olla ettevõttes informeeritud ja ära kuulatud
28 -
Kollektiivläbirääkimiste ja kollektiivse tegutsemise õigus
29 -
Õigus kasutada tööhõiveteenuseid
30 -
Kaitse põhjendamatu vallandamise korral
31 -
Head ja õiglased töötingimused
32 -
Keeld kasutada laste tööjõudu ja noorte töötajate kaitse
33 -
Perekonna
34 -
Sotsiaalkindlustus ja sotsiaalabi
35 -
Tervishoid
36 -
Võimalus kasutada üldist majandushuvi pakkuvaid teenuseid
37 -
Keskkonnakaitse
38 -
Tarbijakaitse
V Jaotis: Kodanike õigused
39 -
Õigus hääletada ja kandideerida Euroopa Parlamendi valimistel
40 -
Õigus hääletada ja kandideerida kohalikel valimistel
41 -
Õigus heale haldusele
42 -
Õigus tutvuda dokumentidega
43 -
Euroopa ombudsman
44 -
Õigus esitada petitsioone
45 -
Liikumis
46 -
Diplomaatiline ja konsulaarkaitse
VI Jaotis: Õigusemõistmine
47 -
Õigus tõhusale õiguskaitsevahendile ja õiglasele kohtulikule arutamisele
48 -
Süütuse presumptsioon ja kaitseõigus
49 -
Kuritegude ja karistuste seaduslikkuse ja proportsionaalsuse põhimõte
50 -
Mitmekordse kohtumõistmise ja karistamise keeld
VII Jaotis: Üldsätted
51 -
Reguleerimisala
52 -
Õiguste ja põhimõtete ulatus ja tõlgendamine
53 -
Kaitse tase
54 -
Õiguste kuritarvitamise keeld
Tools
Tools
EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS
Criminal detention database
Anti-Muslim hatred database
Case-law database
Charterpedia
FRA e-learning platform
Data visualisation
Equality data collection: promising practices
Fighting hate crime: promising practices
Tooted
Search
×
Search the FRA website
Search
You are here
Home
Work on rights
Inimõiguste süsteemide ja kaitsjate toetamine
Riiklikud inimõiguste süsteemid ja asutused
Systems
Riiklikud inimõiguste süsteemid ja asutused
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
VI Jaotis: Õigusemõistmine
Artikkel 47 - Õigus tõhusale õiguskaitsevahendile ja õiglasele kohtulikule arutamisele
Highlights
Report / Paper / Summary
19
December
2023
EU funds: Ensuring compliance with fundamental rights
All EU funds must be spent in a way that respect fundamental rights. The EU spends billions of euros on creating jobs, economic growth, sustainable development and improving people’s lives. To prevent funds from being spent in ways that directly violate people’s fundamental rights, the EU strengthened the conditions how funds can be spent in 2021. This report looks at how the newly introduced conditions related to the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities can be upheld in practice. It analyses the potential role of national human rights institutions, ombudsperson institutions and equality bodies. These safeguards can advance compliance with fundamental rights.
Periodic updates / Series
29
June
2022
June 2022 update - NHRI accreditation status and mandates
Since September 2021, two National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) had a change in their accreditation status, one applied for accreditation and five have had a change in tasks covered by their mandates. This new 2022 update provides an overview of developments in the accreditation status and mandates of NHRIs from September 2021 to May 2022. It is a follow up of FRA’s 2020 report on ‘Strong and effective national human rights institutions – challenges, promising practices and opportunities’ and the September 2021 update. It covers the 27 EU Member States and three candidate countries (Albania, North Macedonia and Serbia).
Download 2020 NHRI report
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
3
September
2020
Strong and effective national human rights institutions – challenges, promising practices and opportunities
National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) are a vital part of the country-level human rights protection system. This report, published 10 years after FRA’s first in-depth study on NHRIs, looks at such bodies in the EU, as well as the Republic of North Macedonia, the Republic of Serbia, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It explores relevant developments, challenges to their effectiveness and ways to maximise their impact.
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
12
November
2019
The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights on its 10th anniversary: views of civil society and national human rights institutions
The Charter is most effective, and has a real impact on people’s lives, when parliaments, governments and courts at local, regional and national levels all actively apply it. The national sphere is particularly relevant. A strong fundamental rights architecture and committed national governments and parliaments are key to letting the Charter unfold its potential at this level. Civil society organisations (CSOs) and national human rights institutions (NHRIs) are also crucial given their contributions to the protection and promotion of Charter rights.
Tooted
Periodic updates / Series
National human rights systems and bodies
Support for human rights systems and defenders
6
February
2024
NHRI accreditation status and mandates - update 2024
The 2024 update on NHRIs accreditation status and mandates also covers their engagement in the monitoring of fundamental rights compliance in the use of EU funds at national level. Moreover, the update also shows how NHRIs make use of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights in their work when advising government or in education, training and awareness raising activities. Since its 2020 report 'Strong and effective national human rights institutions – challenges, promising practices and opportunities', the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) has been regularly tracking the accreditation status and mandates of NHRIs.
Report / Paper / Summary
National human rights systems and bodies
Support for human rights systems and defenders
19
December
2023
EU funds: Ensuring compliance with fundamental rights
All EU funds must be spent in a way that respect fundamental rights. The EU spends billions of euros on creating jobs, economic growth, sustainable development and improving people’s lives. To prevent funds from being spent in ways that directly violate people’s fundamental rights, the EU strengthened the conditions how funds can be spent in 2021. This report looks at how the newly introduced conditions related to the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities can be upheld in practice. It analyses the potential role of national human rights institutions, ombudsperson institutions and equality bodies. These safeguards can advance compliance with fundamental rights.
Periodic updates / Series
National human rights systems and bodies
Support for human rights systems and defenders
13
December
2022
December 2022 update - NHRI accreditation status and mandates
National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) continue to play a key role in upholding fundamental rights. FRA keeps track of the accreditation status and the mandates of the NHRIs. In 2022, the NHRI in Cyprus was upgraded to an ‘A-status’ institution. In addition, the mandates of six NHRIs changed to include child protection or the protection of LGBTI people.
Download 2020 NHRI report
Download all updates
Periodic updates / Series
National human rights systems and bodies
Support for human rights systems and defenders
29
June
2022
June 2022 update - NHRI accreditation status and mandates
Since September 2021, two National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) had a change in their accreditation status, one applied for accreditation and five have had a change in tasks covered by their mandates. This new 2022 update provides an overview of developments in the accreditation status and mandates of NHRIs from September 2021 to May 2022. It is a follow up of FRA’s 2020 report on ‘Strong and effective national human rights institutions – challenges, promising practices and opportunities’ and the September 2021 update. It covers the 27 EU Member States and three candidate countries (Albania, North Macedonia and Serbia).
Download 2020 NHRI report
Read news item
Periodic updates / Series
National human rights systems and bodies
Support for human rights systems and defenders
28
September
2021
September 2021 update - NHRI accreditation status and mandates
Since September 2020, three National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) had a change in their accreditation status, two new institutions were created and nine have had a change in tasks covered by their mandates. Following up on the September 2020 report “Strong and effective national human rights institutions – challenges, promising practices and opportunities”, this update provides an overview of developments in the accreditation status and mandates of NHRIS in the past 12 months. The update covers the 27 EU Member States as well as three additional states within FRA’s mandate (Albania, North Macedonia and Serbia).
Download 2020 NHRI report
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
Riiklikud inimõiguste süsteemid ja asutused
Riiklikud inimõiguste süsteemid ja asutused
21
January
2021
German language version now available
26 January 2021
Tugevad ja tõhusad inimõigustega tegelevad riiklikud asutused: probleemid, lootustandvad tavad ja võimalused - Kokkuvõte
Inimõigustega tegelevad riiklikud asutused on oluline osa inimõiguste kaitse süsteemist riigi tasandil. Teadlikkuse suurendajate, nõustajate ning ametiasutuste jälgijate ja vastutusele võtjatena on neil keskne roll tänapäeva suurte inimõigusprobleemide lahendamisel ning nad tegelevad nii alaliste probleemidega, nagu diskrimineerimine ja ebavõrdsus, kui ka uute küsimustega, nagu COVID-19 pandeemia ja tehisintellekti mõju inimõigustele.
Video
Support for human rights systems and defenders
National human rights systems and bodies
Inter-governmental human rights systems
15 October 2020
Virtual key note address by FRA Director to the 2020 Annual Conference of the Geneva Human Rights Platform
This video statement by FRA Director Michael O’Flaherty was recorded for the Annual Conference of the Geneva Human Rights Platform: ''Connectivity between regional and global human rights mechanisms".
Find out more about the event
freshidea © adobestock.com, 2020
Report / Paper / Summary
National human rights systems and bodies
Support for human rights systems and defenders
3
September
2020
Summary version now available
21 January 2021
Strong and effective national human rights institutions – challenges, promising practices and opportunities
National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) are a vital part of the country-level human rights protection system. This report, published 10 years after FRA’s first in-depth study on NHRIs, looks at such bodies in the EU, as well as the Republic of North Macedonia, the Republic of Serbia, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It explores relevant developments, challenges to their effectiveness and ways to maximise their impact.
Read news item
Video
Judicial cooperation and rule of law
National human rights systems and bodies
Civil society
Support for human rights systems and defenders
15 July 2020
Video blog Michael O'Flaherty: July bulletin on COVID-19
Michael O'Flaherty introduces the July edition of FRA's bulletin on the impact for fundamental rights of Covid-19. In this vlog he talks about the important role that people play who are engaged with the promotion and the protection of human rights in these times.
The July edition of the COVID-19 bulletin will be available from 30 July.
Download COVID-19 bulletins
Access all FRA work on COVID-19
Report / Paper / Summary
National human rights systems and bodies
Support for human rights systems and defenders
EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
Civil society
12
November
2019
The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights on its 10th anniversary: views of civil society and national human rights institutions
The Charter is most effective, and has a real impact on people’s lives, when parliaments, governments and courts at local, regional and national levels all actively apply it. The national sphere is particularly relevant. A strong fundamental rights architecture and committed national governments and parliaments are key to letting the Charter unfold its potential at this level. Civil society organisations (CSOs) and national human rights institutions (NHRIs) are also crucial given their contributions to the protection and promotion of Charter rights.
Video
Support for human rights systems and defenders
National human rights systems and bodies
16 July 2018
Director’s latest vlog: standing up for human rights
FRA Director Michael O'Flaherty focuses on ways to push back against challenges to our human rights system.
Opinion
People with disabilities
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Support for human rights systems and defenders
Inter-governmental human rights systems
National human rights systems and bodies
20
May
2016
FRA Opinion concerning requirements under Article 33 (2) of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities within the EU context
This opinion addresses the designation and operation of a framework established under Article 33 (2) of the CRPD at EU level (EU Framework). It aims to clarify the requirements of an EU Framework in light of the monitoring practice and jurisprudence of the CRPD Committee and – with regard to the concept of independence –the Committee interpreting the Paris Principles on the establishment of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs).
Opinion
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Children, youth and older people
People with disabilities
Racial and ethnic origin
Religion and belief
Roma
Sex, sexual orientation and gender
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
Civil justice
National human rights systems and bodies
1
October
2013
FRA Opinion on the situation of equality in the European Union 10 years on from initial implementation of the equality directives
Drawing on evidence gathered in its surveys and reports, FRA submits a set of opinions aimed at improving the protection against discrimination. These could be taken into account in the implementation and the eventual reform of the EU legal framework on the protection against discrimination.
Handbook / Guide / Manual
National human rights systems and bodies
Support for human rights systems and defenders
15
October
2012
Handbook on the establishment and accreditation of National Human Rights Institutions in the European Union
National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) protect and promote human rights at the national level, tackling systemic problems and raising fundamental rights awareness. To equip NHRIs to perform their role well, they should have, among other qualities, independence, powers and a broad mandate, in accordance with the so-called ‘Paris Principles’ which were adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1993 and set forth the primary minimum standards for an effective NHRI.
Report / Paper / Summary
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Data protection
Support for human rights systems and defenders
National human rights systems and bodies
7
May
2010
Data Protection in the European Union: the role of National Data Protection Authorities (Strengthening the fundamental rights architecture in the EU II)
The EU plays a pioneering role in the protection of personal data. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU enshrines the right to data protection as an autonomous fundamental right. Despite the underlying importance and centrality of the right to data protection in the EU, many deficiencies are present in the data protection system. This study on data protection identifies deficiencies in the EU Member States.
Report / Paper / Summary
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Racial and ethnic origin
Religion and belief
Roma
Support for human rights systems and defenders
National human rights systems and bodies
7
May
2010
EU-MIDIS Data in Focus Report 3: Rights Awareness
EU-MIDIS "Data in Focus" report 3 focuses on respondents' knowledge about their rights in the field of non-discrimination, including knowledge about Equality Bodies in Member States. This Data In Focus report on 'Rights Awareness and equality bodies' relates to Article 21, on 'non-discrimination', as enrshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.
Report / Paper / Summary
National human rights systems and bodies
Support for human rights systems and defenders
7
May
2010
National Human Rights Institutions in the EU Member States (Strengthening the fundamental rights architecture in the EU I)
Human rights are first and foremost to be addressed at the national level. National human rights institutions (NHRIs) play an important role in the human rights architecture at the national level. This report by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA), is intended to identify gaps and concerns in the fundamental rights architecture in the European Union.