Handvest van de grondrechten van de Europese Unie
Artikel 16 - De vrijheid van ondernemerschap
De vrijheid van ondernemerschap wordt erkend overeenkomstig het recht van de Unie en de nationale wetgevingen en praktijken.
Toelichtingen
- Text:
Dit artikel is gebaseerd op de jurisprudentie van het Hof van Justitie, dat de vrijheid om een economische of een handelsactiviteit uit te oefenen heeft erkend (zie de arresten van 14 mei 1974, zaak 4/73, Nold, Jurispr. 1974, blz. 491, r.o. 14, en van 27 september 1979, zaak 230/78, SpA Eridania e.a., Jurispr. 1979, blz. 2749, r.o. 20 en 31) en de contractuele vrijheid (zie onder meer het arrest Sukkerfabriken Nykøbing, zaak 151/78, Jurispr. 1979, blz. 1, r.o. 19, en het arrest van 5 oktober 1999, Spanje tegen Commissie, C-240/97, Jurispr. 1999, blz. I-6571, r.o. 99), en op artikel 119, leden 1 en 3 van het Verdrag betreffende de werking van de Unie, dat de vrije mededinging erkent. Dat recht wordt vanzelfsprekend uitgeoefend met inachtneming van het recht van de Europese Unie en de nationale wetgevingen. Het kan worden onderworpen aan de beperkingen van artikel 52, lid 1, van het Handvest.
Source:Publicatieblad van de Europese Unie C 303/17 - 14.12.2007Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:Deze toelichtingen werden oorspronkelijk opgesteld onder de verantwoordelijkheid van het praesidium van de Conventie die het Handvest van de grondrechten van de Europese Unie heeft opgesteld. Zij zijn bijgewerkt onder de verantwoordelijkheid van het praesidium van de Europese Conventie, in het licht van de wijzigingen die door laatstgenoemde Conventie in het Handvest zijn aangebracht (met name in artikel 51 en 52) en van verdere ontwikkelingen in het recht van de Unie. Hoewel zij op zich geen juridische waarde hebben, vormen zij een waardevol hulpmiddel voor de interpretatie, bedoeld om de bepalingen van het Handvest te verduidelijken.
Jurisprudentie
- Federazione nazionale delle imprese elettrotecniche ed elettroniche (Anie) and Others and Athesia Energy Srl and Others v Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico and Gestore dei servizi energetici (GSE) SpADecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Fifth Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:Energy, EnvironmentECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2021:280
- Airhelp Ltd v Scandinavian Airlines System Denmark – Norway – SwedenDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Grand Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:TransportECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2021:226
- A Sp. z o.o. seated in B.-B., Director of the Customs Chamber in KrakowDecision date:Deciding body type:National Court/TribunalDeciding body:Supreme Administrative CourtType:DecisionPolicy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):
- IX v WABE and MH Müller Handels GmbH v MJDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Advocate GeneralType:OpinionPolicy area:Employment and social policyECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2021:144
- European Commission v HungaryDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Grand Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2020:792
- OC e.a. and Others v Banca d'Italia and OthersDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (First Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2020:567
- VTB Bank PAO, formerly VTB Bank OAO v Council of the European UnionDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Seventh Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2020:499
- YS v NK.Decision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Advocate GeneralType:Policy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2020:356
- Marvik-Pastrogor“ EOOD v Darzhavata, predstavlyavana ot Ministara na fïnansite and „Rodes - 08“ EOOD v Narodno sabranie na Republika Bulgaria and Darzhavata, predstavlyavana ot Ministara na finansiteDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Tenth Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:TaxationECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2020:314
- International Forum for Sustainable Underwater Activities (IFSUA) v Council of the European UnionDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:General Court (First Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:Maritime Affairs And FisheriesECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:T:2020:89
Nationaal constitutioneel recht
45 results found
- Ustav Republike HrvatskeLand:Croatia
Članak 49.
Poduzetnička i tržišna sloboda temelj su gospodarskog ustroja Republike Hrvatske.
Država osigurava svim poduzetnicima jednak pravni položaj na tržištu. Zabranjena je zlouporaba monopolskog položaja određenog zakonom.
Država potiče gospodarski napredak i socijalno blagostanje građana i brine se za gospodarski razvitak svih svojih krajeva.
Prava stečena ulaganjem kapitala ne mogu se umanjiti zakonom niti drugim pravnim aktom.
Inozemnom ulagaču jamči se slobodno iznošenje dobiti i uloženog kapitala.Članak 50.
(2)Poduzetnička se sloboda i vlasnička prava mogu iznimno ograničiti zakonom radi zaštite interesa i sigurnosti Republike Hrvatske, prirode, ljudskog okoliša i zdravlja ljudi. - Constitution of the Republic of BulgariaLand:Bulgaria
Article 19 (1) The economy of the Republic of Bulgaria shall be based on free economic initiative.
(2) The State shall establish and guarantee equal legal conditions for economic activity to all citizens and legal entities by preventing any abuse of a monopoly status and unfair competition, and by protecting the consumer.
(3) All investments and economic activity by citizens and legal entities shall enjoy the protection of the law. (4) The law shall establish conditions conducive to the setting up of cooperatives and other forms of association of citizens and legal entities in the pursuit of economic and social prosperity. - Labour CodeURL:Land:Bulgaria
Article 1(...) (3) This Code shall aim to ensure the freedom and protection of labour, equitable and dignified working conditions, as well as the conducting of social dialogue between the State, the employees, the employers and their organizations, for the purposes of settlement of labour relations and other immediately related relations.
- КодексURL:Land:Bulgaria
Чл. 1(...) (3) (Предишна ал. 2 - ДВ, бр. 2 от 1996 г., изм., бр. 25 от 2001 г.) Този кодекс цели да осигури свободата и закрилата на труда, справедливи и достойни условия на труд, както и осъществяване на социален диалог между държавата, работниците, служителите, работодателите и техните организации за уреждане на трудовите и непосредствено свързаните с тях отношения.
- КОНСТИТУЦИЯ на Република БългарияLand:Bulgaria
Чл. 19 (1) Икономиката на Република България се основава на свободната стопанска инициатива.
(2) Законът създава и гарантира на всички граждани и юридически лица еднакви правни условия за стопанска дейност, като предотвратява злоупотребата с монополизма, нелоялната конкуренция и защитава потребителя.
(3) Инвестициите и стопанската дейност на български и чуждестранни граждани и юридически лица се закрилят от закона. (4) Законът създава условия за коопериране и други форми на сдружаване на гражданите и юридическите лица за постигане на стопански и социален напредък.