EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
Article 16 - Freedom to conduct a business
The freedom to conduct a business in accordance with Union law and national laws and practices is recognised.
Explanations
- Text:
This Article is based on Court of Justice case-law which has recognised freedom to exercise an economic or commercial activity (see judgments of 14 May 1974, Case 4/73 Nold [1974] ECR 491, paragraph 14 of the grounds, and of 27 September 1979, Case 230-78 SpA Eridiana and others [1979] ECR 2749, paragraphs 20 and 31 of the grounds) and freedom of contract (see inter alia Sukkerfabriken Nykøbing judgment, Case 151/78 [1979] ECR 1, paragraph 19 of the grounds, and judgment of 5 October 1999, C-240/97 Spain v Commission [1999] ECR I-6571, paragraph 99 of the grounds) and Article 119(1) and (3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, which recognises free competition. Of course, this right is to be exercised with respect for Union law and national legislation. It may be subject to the limitations provided for in Article 52(1) of the Charter.
Source:Official Journal of the European Union C 303/17 - 14.12.2007Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:These explanations were originally prepared under the authority of the Praesidium of the Convention which drafted the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Although they do not as such have the status of law, they are a valuable tool of interpretation intended to clarify the provisions of the Charter.
Case Law References
- Federazione nazionale delle imprese elettrotecniche ed elettroniche (Anie) and Others and Athesia Energy Srl and Others v Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico and Gestore dei servizi energetici (GSE) SpADecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Fifth Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:Energy, EnvironmentECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2021:280
- Airhelp Ltd v Scandinavian Airlines System Denmark – Norway – SwedenDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Grand Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:TransportECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2021:226
- A Sp. z o.o. seated in B.-B., Director of the Customs Chamber in KrakowDecision date:Deciding body type:National Court/TribunalDeciding body:Supreme Administrative CourtType:DecisionPolicy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):
- IX v WABE and MH Müller Handels GmbH v MJDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Advocate GeneralType:OpinionPolicy area:Employment and social policyECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2021:144
- European Commission v HungaryDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Grand Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2020:792
- OC e.a. and Others v Banca d'Italia and OthersDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (First Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2020:567
- VTB Bank PAO, formerly VTB Bank OAO v Council of the European UnionDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Seventh Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2020:499
- YS v NK.Decision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Advocate GeneralType:Policy area:ECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2020:356
- Marvik-Pastrogor“ EOOD v Darzhavata, predstavlyavana ot Ministara na fïnansite and „Rodes - 08“ EOOD v Narodno sabranie na Republika Bulgaria and Darzhavata, predstavlyavana ot Ministara na finansiteDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:Court (Tenth Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:TaxationECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:C:2020:314
- International Forum for Sustainable Underwater Activities (IFSUA) v Council of the European UnionDecision date:Deciding body type:Court of Justice of the European UnionDeciding body:General Court (First Chamber)Type:DecisionPolicy area:Maritime Affairs And FisheriesECLI (European case law identifier):ECLI:EU:T:2020:89
National Constitutional Law
45 results found
- Ustav Republike HrvatskeCountry:Croatia
Članak 49.
Poduzetnička i tržišna sloboda temelj su gospodarskog ustroja Republike Hrvatske.
Država osigurava svim poduzetnicima jednak pravni položaj na tržištu. Zabranjena je zlouporaba monopolskog položaja određenog zakonom.
Država potiče gospodarski napredak i socijalno blagostanje građana i brine se za gospodarski razvitak svih svojih krajeva.
Prava stečena ulaganjem kapitala ne mogu se umanjiti zakonom niti drugim pravnim aktom.
Inozemnom ulagaču jamči se slobodno iznošenje dobiti i uloženog kapitala.Članak 50.
(2)Poduzetnička se sloboda i vlasnička prava mogu iznimno ograničiti zakonom radi zaštite interesa i sigurnosti Republike Hrvatske, prirode, ljudskog okoliša i zdravlja ljudi. - Constitution of the Republic of BulgariaCountry:Bulgaria
Article 19 (1) The economy of the Republic of Bulgaria shall be based on free economic initiative.
(2) The State shall establish and guarantee equal legal conditions for economic activity to all citizens and legal entities by preventing any abuse of a monopoly status and unfair competition, and by protecting the consumer.
(3) All investments and economic activity by citizens and legal entities shall enjoy the protection of the law. (4) The law shall establish conditions conducive to the setting up of cooperatives and other forms of association of citizens and legal entities in the pursuit of economic and social prosperity. - Labour CodeURL:Country:Bulgaria
Article 1(...) (3) This Code shall aim to ensure the freedom and protection of labour, equitable and dignified working conditions, as well as the conducting of social dialogue between the State, the employees, the employers and their organizations, for the purposes of settlement of labour relations and other immediately related relations.
- КодексURL:Country:Bulgaria
Чл. 1(...) (3) (Предишна ал. 2 - ДВ, бр. 2 от 1996 г., изм., бр. 25 от 2001 г.) Този кодекс цели да осигури свободата и закрилата на труда, справедливи и достойни условия на труд, както и осъществяване на социален диалог между държавата, работниците, служителите, работодателите и техните организации за уреждане на трудовите и непосредствено свързаните с тях отношения.
- КОНСТИТУЦИЯ на Република БългарияCountry:Bulgaria
Чл. 19 (1) Икономиката на Република България се основава на свободната стопанска инициатива.
(2) Законът създава и гарантира на всички граждани и юридически лица еднакви правни условия за стопанска дейност, като предотвратява злоупотребата с монополизма, нелоялната конкуренция и защитава потребителя.
(3) Инвестициите и стопанската дейност на български и чуждестранни граждани и юридически лица се закрилят от закона. (4) Законът създава условия за коопериране и други форми на сдружаване на гражданите и юридическите лица за постигане на стопански и социален напредък.