eu-charter

EU Charter of Fundamental Rights

Previous title

Title II

Freedoms

Next title
Previous article

Article 11 - Freedom of expression and information

Next article

Article 11 - Freedom of expression and information

1. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers.
2. The freedom and pluralism of the media shall be respected.

 

  • Text:

    1. Article 11 corresponds to Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which reads as follows:

    "1. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. This article shall not prevent States from requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises.

    2. The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary."

    Pursuant to Article 52(3) of the Charter, the meaning and scope of this right are the same as those guaranteed by the ECHR. The limitations which may be imposed on it may therefore not exceed those provided for in Article 10(2) of the Convention, without prejudice to any restrictions which Community competition law may impose on Member States' right to introduce the licensing arrangements referred to in the third sentence of Article 10(1) of the ECHR.

    2. Paragraph 2 of this Article spells out the consequences of paragraph 1 regarding freedom of the media. It is based in particular on Court of Justice case law regarding television, particularly in case C-288/89 (judgment of 25 July 1991, Stichting Collectieve Antennevoorziening Gouda and others [1991] ECR I-4007), and on the Protocol on the system of public broadcasting in the Member States annexed to the EC Treaty, and on Council Directive 89/552/EC (particularly its seventeenth recital).

    Source:
    Official Journal of the European Union C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
    Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
    These explanations were originally prepared under the authority of the Praesidium of the Convention which drafted the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Although they do not as such have the status of law, they are a valuable tool of interpretation intended to clarify the provisions of the Charter.
  • Cyprus/ Supreme Court / No. 124/2022
    RE. The application of N.M. from Nicosia for the issue of a Certioriary Order
    Decision date:
    Deciding body type:
    National Court/Tribunal
    Deciding body:
    Supreme Court
    Type:
    Decision
    Policy area:
    ECLI (European case law identifier):
    ECLI:CY:AD:2023:D50
  • Portugal / Court of Appeal of Lisbon / Judgement 12234/21.0T8LSB.L1-7
    Singular person vs. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. and unknown
    Decision date:
    Deciding body type:
    National Court/Tribunal
    Deciding body:
    Court of Appeal of Lisbon
    Type:
    Decision
    Policy area:
    ECLI (European case law identifier):
  • CJEU Case C-280/21 / Judgement
    P.I. v Migracijos departamentas prie Lietuvos Respublikos vidaus reikalų ministerijos
    Decision date:
    Deciding body type:
    Court of Justice of the European Union
    Deciding body:
    Court (Third Chamber)
    Type:
    Decision
    Policy area:
    Justice, freedom and security
    ECLI (European case law identifier):
    ECLI:EU:C:2023:13
  • Poland / Supreme Administrative Court / III OSK 3746/21
    Claimants: National Public Prosecutor (Prokurator Generalny), Istebna Municipality (gmina Istebna), “Ordo Iuris” Foundation. Participants: - Polish Ombudsman (Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich), Campaign Against Homophobia (Kampania Przeciwko Homofobii), Zbigniew Hołda Association (Stowarzyszenie im. Zbigniewa Hołdy), Signs of Equality Federation (Federacja Znaki Równości)
    Decision date:
    Deciding body type:
    National Court/Tribunal
    Deciding body:
    Supreme Administrative Court
    Type:
    Decision
    Policy area:
    ECLI (European case law identifier):
  • Czechia / Supreme Court / 23 Cdo 1840/2021
    DILIA, theatrical, literary, audiovisual agency against the defendant Uloz.to cloud a.s.
    Decision date:
    Deciding body type:
    National Court/Tribunal
    Deciding body:
    Supreme Court
    Type:
    Decision
    Policy area:
    ECLI (European case law identifier):
    ECLI:CZ:NS:2022:23.CDO.1840.2021.3
  • Germany / Federal Court of Justice / VI ZR 832/20
    Private person vs. operator of the internet search engine “Google.de”
    Decision date:
    Deciding body type:
    National Court/Tribunal
    Deciding body:
    Federal Court of Justice
    Type:
    Decision
    Policy area:
    ECLI (European case law identifier):
    ECLI:DE:BGH:2022:030522UVIZR832.20.0
  • Hungary / Supreme Court / Kfv.III.37.978/2021/10.
    Unidentified publishing company as first applicant, unidentified individuals as second, third and fourth applicants v. Unidentified authority as respondent
    Decision date:
    Deciding body type:
    National Court/Tribunal
    Deciding body:
    Supreme Court
    Type:
    Decision
    Policy area:
    ECLI (European case law identifier):
  • CJEU Case C-156/21 / Judgment
    Hungary v European Parliament and Council of the European Union
    Decision date:
    Deciding body type:
    Court of Justice of the European Union
    Deciding body:
    Court (Full Court)
    Type:
    Decision
    Policy area:
    Institutional affairs
    ECLI (European case law identifier):
    ECLI:EU:C:2022:97
  • CJEU Case C-157/21 / Judgment
    Republic of Poland v European Parliament and Council of the European Union
    Decision date:
    Deciding body type:
    Court of Justice of the European Union
    Deciding body:
    Court (Full Court)
    Type:
    Decision
    Policy area:
    Internal market
    ECLI (European case law identifier):
    ECLI:EU:C:2022:98
  • Cyprus / Supreme Court of Cyprus, Primary Jurisdiction / Civil application No. 228/202
    Re. the application of XXX Memic for permit to file a certiorari order
    Decision date:
    Deciding body type:
    National Court/Tribunal
    Deciding body:
    Supreme Court of Cyprus, Primary Jurisdiction
    Type:
    Decision
    Policy area:
    ECLI (European case law identifier):
    ECLI:CY:AD:2022:D26

60 results found

  • Eesti Vabariigi Põhiseadus
    URL:
    Eesti Vabariigi Põhiseadus
    Country:
    Estonia

    § 40. Igaühel on südametunnistuse-, usu- ja mõttevabadus. Kuulumine kirikutesse ja usuühingutesse on vaba. Riigikirikut ei ole. Igaühel on vabadus nii üksinda kui ka koos teistega, avalikult või eraviisiliselt täita usutalitusi, kui see ei kahjusta avalikku korda, tervist ega kõlblust.
    § 41. Igaühel on õigus jääda truuks oma arvamustele ja veendumustele. Kedagi ei tohi sundida neid muutma. Veendumustega ei saa vabandada õiguserikkumist. Kedagi ei saa veendumuste pärast võtta õiguslikule vastutusele.
    § 42. Riigiasutused, kohalikud omavalitsused ja nende ametiisikud ei tohi Eesti kodaniku vaba tahte vastaselt koguda ega talletada andmeid tema veendumuste kohta.
    § 44. Igaühel on õigus vabalt saada üldiseks kasutamiseks levitatavat informatsiooni. Kõik riigiasutused, kohalikud omavalitsused ja nende ametiisikud on kohustatud seaduses sätestatud korras andma Eesti kodanikule tema nõudel informatsiooni oma tegevuse kohta, välja arvatud andmed, mille väljaandmine on seadusega keelatud, ja eranditult asutusesiseseks kasutamiseks mõeldud andmed. Eesti kodanikul on õigus seaduses sätestatud korras tutvuda tema kohta riigiasutustes ja kohalikes omavalitsustes ning riigi ja kohalike omavalitsuste arhiivides hoitavate andmetega. Seaduse alusel võib seda õigust piirata teiste inimeste õiguste ja vabaduste ning lapse põlvnemise saladuse kaitseks, samuti kuriteo tõkestamise, kurjategija tabamise või kriminaalmenetluses tõe väljaselgitamise huvides. Kui seadus ei sätesta teisiti, siis on käesoleva paragrahvi lõigetes kaks ja kolm nimetatud õigused võrdselt Eesti kodanikuga ka Eestis viibival välisriigi kodanikul ja kodakondsuseta isikul.
    § 45. Igaühel on õigus vabalt levitada ideid, arvamusi, veendumusi ja muud informatsiooni sõnas, trükis, pildis või muul viisil. Seda õigust võib seadus piirata avaliku korra, kõlbluse, teiste inimeste õiguste ja vabaduste, tervise, au ning hea nime kaitseks. Seadus võib seda õigust piirata ka riigi ja kohalike omavalitsuste teenistujatel neile ameti tõttu teatavaks saanud riigi- või ärisaladuse või konfidentsiaalsena saadud informatsiooni ning teiste inimeste perekonna- ja eraelu kaitseks, samuti õigusemõistmise huvides. Tsensuuri ei ole.

  • Danmarks Riges Grundlov
    URL:
    Danmarks Riges Grundlov
    Country:
    Denmark

    § 77. Enhver er berettiget til på tryk, i skrift og tale at offentliggøre sine tanker, dog under ansvar for domstolene. Censur og andre forebyggende forholdsregler kan ingensinde påny indføres.

  • The Constitutional Act of Denmark
    URL:
    The Constitutional Act of Denmark
    Country:
    Denmark

    Section 77. Any person shall be at liberty to publish his ideas in print, in writing, and in speech, subject to his being held responsible in a court of law. Censorship and other preventive measures shall never again be introduced.

  • The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus
    URL:
    The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus
    Country:
    Cyprus

    Article 19
    1. Every person has the right to freedom of speech and expression in any form.
    2. This right includes freedom to hold opinions and receive and impart information and ideas without interference by any public authority and regardless of frontiers.
    3. The exercise of the rights provided in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary only in the interests of the security of the Republic or the constitutional order or the public safety or the public order or the public health or the public morals or for the protection of the reputation or rights of others or for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary.
    4. Seizure of newspapers or other printed matter is not allowed without the written permission of the Attorney-General of the Republic, which must be confirmed by the decision of a competent court within a period not exceeding seventy-two hours, failing which the seizure shall be lifted.
    5. Nothing in this Article contained shall prevent the Republic from requiring the licensing of sound and vision broadcasting or cinema enterprises.

  • Tο Σύνταγμα της Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας
    URL:
    Tο Σύνταγμα της Κυπριακής Δημοκρατίας
    Country:
    Cyprus

    ΑΡΘΡΟΝ 19
    1. Έκαστος έχει το δικαίωμα ελευθερίας του λόγου και της καθ’ οιονδήποτε τρόπον εκφράσεως.
    2. Το δικαίωμα τούτο περιλαμβάνει την ελευθερίαν της γνώμης, της λήψεως και μεταδόσεως πληροφοριών και ιδεών άνευ επεμβάσεως οιασδήποτε δημοσίας αρχής και ανεξαρτήτως συνόρων.
    3. Η ενάσκησις των δικαιωμάτων, περί ων η πρώτη και δευτέρα παράγραφος του παρόντος άρθρου, δύναται να υποβληθή εις διατυπώσεις, όρους, περιορισμούς ή ποινάς προδιαγεγραμμένους υπό του νόμου και αναγκαίους μόνον προς το συμφέρον της ασφαλείας της Δημοκρατίας ή της συνταγματικής τάξεως ή της δημοσίας ασφαλείας ή της δημοσίας τάξεως ή της δημοσίας υγιείας ή των δημοσίων ηθών ή προς προστασίαν της υπολήψεως ή των δικαιωμάτων άλλων ή προς παρεμπόδισιν της αποκαλύψεως πληροφοριών ληφθεισών εμπιστευτικώς ή προς διατήρησιν του κύρους και της αμεροληψίας της δικαστικής εξουσίας.
    4. Η κατάσχεσις εφημερίδων ή άλλων εντύπων δεν επιτρέπεται άνευ εγγράφου αδείας του γενικού εισαγγελέως της Δημοκρατίας, ήτις δέον να επικυρωθή δι’ αποφάσεως αρμοδίου δικαστηρίου εντός εβδομήκοντα δύο ωρών το βραδύτερον, εν περιπτώσει δε μη επικυρώσεως αίρεται η κατάσχεσις.
    5. Ουδέν εκ των διαλαμβανομένων εις το παρόν άρθρον εμποδίζει την Δημοκρατίαν ν’ απαιτή την έκδοσιν αδείας ή λειτουργίας επιχειρήσεων ραδιοφωνικών ή κινηματογραφικών ή τηλεοράσεως.

  • Constitution of the Republic of Croatia
    URL:
    Constitution of the Republic of Croatia
    Country:
    Croatia

    Article 38
    Freedom of thought and expression shall be guaranteed.
    Freedom of expression shall particularly encompass freedom of the press and other media, freedom of speech and public opinion, and free establishment of all institutions of public communication.
    Censorship shall be forbidden. Journalists shall have the right to freedom of reporting and access to information.
    The right to access to information held by any public authority shall be guaranteed.
    Restrictions on the right to access to information must be proportionate to the nature of the need for such restriction in each individual case and necessary in a free and democratic society, as stipulated by law.
    The right to correction is guaranteed to anyone whose constitutionally and legally established rights have been violated by public communication.

  • Ustav Republike Hrvatske
    URL:
    Ustav Republike Hrvatske
    Country:
    Croatia

    Članak 38.
    Jamči se sloboda mišljenja i izražavanja misli.
    Sloboda izražavanja misli obuhvaća osobito slobodu tiska i drugih sredstava priopćavanja, slobodu govora i javnog nastupa i slobodno osnivanje svih ustanova javnog priopćavanja.
    Zabranjuje se cenzura. Novinari imaju pravo na slobodu izvještavanja i pristupa informaciji.
    Jamči se pravo na pristup informacijama koje posjeduju tijela javne vlasti. Ograničenja prava na pristup informacijama moraju biti razmjerna naravi potrebe za ograničenjem u svakom pojedinom slučaju te nužna u slobodnom i demokratskom društvu, a propisuju se zakonom.
    Jamči se pravo na ispravak svakomu komu je javnom viješću povrijeđeno Ustavom i zakonom utvrđeno pravo.

  • Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria
    URL:
    Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria
    Country:
    Bulgaria

    Art. 38. No one shall be persecuted or restricted in his rights because of his views, nor shall be obligated or forced to provide information about his own or another person's views. Art. 39. (1) Everyone shall be entitled to express an opinion or to publicize it through words, written or oral, sound or image, or in any other way. (2) This right shall not be used to the detriment of the rights and reputation of others, or for the incitement of a forcible change of the constitutionally established order, the perpetration of a crime, or the incitement of enmity or violence against anyone.Art. 40. (1) The press and the other mass information media shall be free and shall not be subjected to censorship. (2) An injunction on or a confiscation of printed matter or another information medium shall be allowed only through an act of the judicial authorities in the case of an encroachment on public decency or incitement of a forcible change of the constitutionally established order, the perpetration of a crime, or the incitement of violence against anyone. An injunction suspension shall lose force if not followed by a confiscation within 24 hours.Art. 41. (1) Everyone shall be entitled to seek, obtain and disseminate information. This right shall not be exercised to the detriment of the rights and reputation of others, or to the detriment of national security, public order, public health and morality.[...]

  • КОНСТИТУЦИЯ на Република България
    URL:
    КОНСТИТУЦИЯ на Република България
    Country:
    Bulgaria

    Чл. 38. Никой не може да бъде преследван или ограничаван в правата си поради своите убеждения, нито да бъде задължаван или принуждаван да дава сведения за свои или чужди убеждения. Чл. 39. (1) Всеки има право да изразява мнение и да го разпространява чрез слово - писмено или устно, чрез звук, изображение или по друг начин. (2) Това право не може да се използва за накърняване на правата и доброто име на другиго и за призоваване към насилствена промяна на конституционно установения ред, към извършване на престъпления, към разпалване на вражда или към насилие над личността.Чл. 40. (1) Печатът и другите средства за масова информация са свободни и не подлежат на цензура. (2) Спирането и конфискацията на печатно издание или на друг носител на информация се допускат само въз основа на акт на съдебната власт, когато се накърняват добрите нрави или се съдържат призиви за насилствена промяна на конституционно установения ред, за извършване на престъпление или за насилие над личността. Ако в срок от 24 часа не последва конфискация, спирането преустановява действието си.Чл. 41. (1) Всеки има право да търси, получава и разпространява информация. Осъществяването на това право не може да бъде насочено срещу правата и доброто име на другите граждани, както и срещу националната сигурност, обществения ред, народното здраве и морала. [...]

  • De Belgische Grondwet
    URL:
    De Belgische Grondwet
    Country:
    Belgium

    Artikel 19De vrijheid van eredienst, de vrije openbare uitoefening ervan, alsmede de vrijheid om op elk gebied zijn mening te uiten, zijn gewaarborgd, behoudens bestraffing van de misdrijven die ter gelegenheid van het gebruikmaken van die vrijheden worden gepleegd.Artikel 25De drukpers is vrij; de censuur kan nooit worden ingevoerd; geen borgstelling kan worden geëist van de schrijvers, uitgevers of drukkers. Wanneer de schrijver bekend is en zijn woonplaats in België heeft, kan de uitgever, de drukker of de verspreider niet worden vervolgd.

  • La Constitution Belge
    URL:
    La Constitution Belge
    Country:
    Belgium

    Article 19La liberté des cultes, celle de leur exercice public, ainsi que la liberté de manifester ses opinions en toute matière, sont garanties, sauf la répression des délits commis à l'occasion de l'usage de ces libertés.Article 25La presse est libre; la censure ne pourra jamais être établie; il ne peut être exigé de cautionnement des écrivains, éditeurs ou imprimeurs.Lorsque l'auteur est connu et domicilié en Belgique, l'éditeur, l'imprimeur ou le distributeur ne peut être poursuivi.

  • The Belgian Constitution
    URL:
    The Belgian Constitution
    Country:
    Belgium

    Article 19Freedom of worship, its public practice and freedom to demonstrate one’s opinions on all matters are guaranteed, but offences committed when this freedom is used may be punished.Article 25The press is free; censorship can never be introduced; no security can be demanded from authors, publishers or printers.When the author is known and resident in Belgium, neither the publisher, the printer nor the distributor can be prosecuted.

  • Beschluß der Provisorischen Nationalversammlung vom 30. Oktober 1918
    URL:
    Beschluß der Provisorischen Nationalversammlung vom 30. Oktober 1918.
    Country:
    Austria

    Präambel/Promulgationsklausel Auf Grund des § 7 des Beschlusses der Provisorischen Nationalversammlung vom 30. Oktober 1918 über die grundlegenden Einrichtungen der Staatsgewalt wird beurkundet, daß der obenstehende Beschluß von der Provisorischen Nationalversammlung am 30. Oktober 1918 gefaßt worden ist. 1. Jede Zensur ist als dem Grundrecht der Staatsbürger widersprechend als rechtsungültig aufgehoben. 2. Die Einstellung von Druckschriften und die Erlassung eines Postverbotes gegen solche findet nicht mehr statt. Die bisher verfügten Einstellungen und Postverbote sind aufgehoben. Die volle Freiheit der Presse ist hergestellt. 3. Die Ausnahmsverfügungen betreffs des Vereins- und Versammlungsrechtes sind aufgehoben. Die volle Vereins- und Versammlungsfreiheit ohne Unterschied des Geschlechts ist hergestellt.

  • Bundesgesetz vom 12. Juni 1981 über die Presse und andere publizistische Medien (Mediengesetz)
    URL:
    Bundesgesetz vom 12. Juni 1981 über die Presse und andere publizistische Medien (Mediengesetz)
    Country:
    Austria
  • Bundesverfassungsgesetz vom 10. Juli 1974 über die Sicherung der Unabhängigkeit des Rundfunks
    URL:
    Bundesverfassungsgesetz vom 10. Juli 1974 über die Sicherung der Unabhängigkeit des Rundfunks
    Country:
    Austria

    Artikel 1 (2) Die näheren Bestimmungen für den Rundfunk und seine Organisation sind bundesgesetzlich festzulegen. Ein solches Bundesgesetz hat insbesondere Bestimmungen zu enthalten, die die Objektivität und Unparteilichkeit der Berichterstattung, die Berücksichtigung der Meinungsvielfalt, die Ausgewogenheit der Programme sowie die Unabhängigkeit der Personen und Organe, die mit der Besorgung der im Abs. 1 genannten Aufgaben betraut sind, gewährleisten.

  • European Convention on Human Rights - Article 10
    URL:
    The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
    Country:
    Austria

    Article 10 1. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. This Article shall not prevent States from requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises.

  • Federal Constitutional Act of 10 July 1974 on Guaranteeing the Independence of Broadcasting
    URL:
    Federal Constitutional Act of 10 July 1974 on Guaranteeing the Independence of Broadcasting
    Country:
    Austria

    Article 1 (2) Federal legislation shall provide for more detailed provisions on broadcasting and its organisation. Such federal legislation shall in particular contain provisions ensuring the objectivity and impartiality of reporting, consideration to the diversity of opinion, the balance of programmes and the independence of the persons and executive bodies or officers who are entrusted with the tasks referred to in para 1.

  • Konvention zum Schutze der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten
    URL:
    Konvention zum Schutze der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten
    Country:
    Austria

    Artikel 10 (1) Jedermann hat Anspruch auf freie Meinungsäußerung. Dieses Recht schließt die Freiheit der Meinung und die Freiheit zum Empfang und zur Mitteilung von Nachrichten oder Ideen ohne Eingriffe öffentlicher Behörden und ohne Rücksicht auf Landesgrenzen ein. Dieser Artikel schließt nicht aus, daß die Staaten Rundfunk-, Lichtspiel- oder Fernsehunternehmen einem Genehmigungsverfahren unterwerfen.

  • Resolution of the Provisional National Assembly of 30 October 1918 [on the abolition of censorship]
    URL:
    Resolution of the Provisional National Assembly of 30 October 1918 [on the abolition of censorship]
    Country:
    Austria

    Preamble/Clause of Promulgation Pursuant to Para. 7 of the Resolution of the National Assembly of 30 October 1918 about the fundamental establishment of the government is documented that the above-mentioned resolution has been taken by the Provisional National Assembly on 30 October 1918. 1. All censorship is abolished as illegal because contradictory to the basic rights of the citizen. 2. . Stops on publications and the issue of a postal distribution veto on such cease forthwith. Hitherto operative stops and postal distribution vetoes are abolished. Complete freedom of the Press is established. 3. The emergency ordinances with respect to rights of assembly and association are abolished. Complete freedom of assembly and association, without distinction of sex, is established.

  • Federal Act dated 12th June 1981 on the Press and other Publication Media (Media Act)
    URL:
    Federal Act dated 12th June 1981 on the Press and other Publication Media (Media Act)
    Country:
    Austria

0 results found

0 results found