15
January
2025
Towards a fundamental rights-compliant European Green Deal
Climate change affects the daily lives of everyone in the EU and has significant environmental, economic, social and health impacts. To tackle this, the European Green Deal was adopted in 2019. This report examines the Green Deal from a fundamental rights perspective, with the aim of protecting the right to a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment for all. It highlights the lack of fundamental rights in EU climate policy and the need to incorporate these rights into future legislation. It also considers how applying a human-rights-based approach to climate policy could support a fair and inclusive transition.
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- Introduction
- 1. A human-rights-based approach to the Green Deal
- 2. The human right to a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment
- 3. The Green Deal through a fundamental rights lens
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4. Challenges from existing EU legislation and policies
- 4.1. Reinforcing existing inequalities through the green transition
- 4.2. Climate change, health and impact on vulnerable groups
- 4.3. Energy poverty and fundamental rights
- 4.4. Employment and green jobs in the just transition
- 4.5. Equal access to essential services
- 4.6. Monitoring the just transition
- Ways forward
- Abbreviations
- About this publication
About this publication
© European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, 2025
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders.
Neither the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights nor any person acting on behalf of the Agency is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information.
Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2025
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- TK-01-25-021-EN-Q
- ISBN: 978-92-9489-665-1
- DOI: 10.2811/9516227
Photo credits (cover):
- Cover: © glebzter/AdobeStock
FRA – EUROPEAN UNION AGENCY FOR FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
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