17
September
2025
Being intersex in the EU
This report highlights the discrimination, harassment, violence, and non-consensual medical interventions faced by intersex people across 30 European countries, based on responses from nearly 2,000 participants in FRA's 2023 EU LGBTIQ Survey III. It reveals that many intersex individuals also identify as trans, non-binary, gender-diverse and have varied sexual orientations, which further compounds their experiences of discrimination. The report aims to support the development of laws and policies that promote the inclusion and dignity of intersex people.
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- Survey in a nutshell
- Key findings
- 1. Violence and harassment
- 2. Discrimination
- 3. Intersex genital mutilation – ‘conversion’ practices, access to healthcare and mental health
- 4. Inclusion and life in dignity
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5. Conclusions and ways forward
- 5.1. Ending intersex genital mutilation
- 5.2. Banning ‘conversion’ practices
- 5.3. Fighting hate crime and hate speech against intersex persons
- 5.4. Fighting disinformation and online hatred campaigns
- 5.5. Effectively combating discrimination and harassment
- 5.6. Fighting bullying at schools
- 5.7. Ensuring equal access to healthcare – supporting inclusion of intersex persons
- Annex: Terminology – glossary
- Country codes
- About this publication
- EU-27 – Survey average of the results for the 27 EU Member States
- EU-30 – Survey average of the results for the 30 surveyed countries (27 EU Member States + Albania, North Macedonia and Serbia)
- AT – Austria
- BE – Belgium
- BG – Bulgaria
- CY – Cyprus
- CZ – Czechia
- DE – Germany
- DK – Denmark
- EE – Estonia
- EL – Greece
- ES – Spain
- FI – Finland
- FR – France
- HR – Croatia
- HU – Hungary
- IE – Ireland
- IT – Italy
- LT – Lithuania
- LU – Luxembourg
- LV – Latvia
- MT – Malta
- NL – Netherlands
- PL – Poland
- PT – Portugal
- RO – Romania
- SE – Sweden
- SI – Slovenia
- SK – Slovakia
- AL – Albania
- MK – North Macedonia
- RS – Serbia
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